Proportion of the states' population to their largest city

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Concentration of smart people per state.

LOL. It's not even that wrong...

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Something involving travel?  Something like proportion whose commute is less than X minutes long?  Just trying to figure a measure where the Mountain West and Great Plains (farmers/ranchers?) would resemble New Yorkers but, critically, not New Jerseyites or Connecticuters.

No. Sorry.
(Although commute could indeed be seen as a consequence of the topic of the map.)

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Percent Urban?

Explain...

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Seems like the proportion of the state's population in the largest city proper of the state.

Congrats! That's correct.

P.S.: Thank you for dedicating your first comment after four whole years to one of my maps.

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But that doesn't really fit IMO with Tennessee/Kentucky.. I can't imagine Memphis being home to a smaller percentage of Tennesseans than Louisville to Kentuckians. And does Albuquerque really have such a relatively big population to all of New Mexico? And Atlanta such a relatively small? 

I myself was surprised at some of the results.

The biggest surprises in my opinion:

Utah
West Virginia
Georgia
Washington
California

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I got one here. Now this is pretty hard, but I'll give you that it basically has to do with the election results of 2012. There are only 4 distinctions, but I'll give hints if I need to.

I've got no idea. All of the blue states were heavily Republican in 2012.
However, Arkansas, Kentucky and Alabama are colored green/red.
Plus, I can't think of what Alaska, Colorado and South Carolina have in common.

Does this map have to do with political geography or demographics?

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Political geography. Here's another hint: It is about different counties and how they voted (why do you think West Virginia is an island of blue?)

Because all of its counties voted Republican?

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Is it how the biggest and the smallest county voted?

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Is it how the biggest and the smallest county voted?

Yes, congrats.

Red - Biggest and smallest county voted for Obama
Blue - Biggest and smallest county voted for Romney
Green - biggest county voted for Obama, smallest county voted for Romney
Gold - Biggest county voted for Romney, smallest county voted for Obama

Interesting dynamics in a lot of these states, especially in Colorado, Maine, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the south.

Also I used 2010 census for the populations.

I thought Rockingham County, NH were bigger than Hillsborough County, NH. That's why didn't solve the problem straight off.
And I didn't know either that El Paso County is more populous than Denver.

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It's somehow interesting that in the Great Plains and in the Mountain West the most populous counties favor the Republicans. I thought that electoral behavior was reserved for New Hampshire and Alaska only (and in some measure to Hawaii).

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But that doesn't really fit IMO with Tennessee/Kentucky.. I can't imagine Memphis being home to a smaller percentage of Tennesseans than Louisville to Kentuckians.

Oh yes, Tennessee also has Nashville. Kentucky's only big city is Louisville.

And does Albuquerque really have such a relatively big population to all of New Mexico? And Atlanta such a relatively small?