Republicans: Bobby Jindal, Tim Pawlenty, Paul Ryan, Marco Rubio, Scott Walker, John Kasich, Chris Christie (arguably the entire 2016 Republican field), Martha McSally
Democrats: Bruce Braley, Martin O’Malley, Patrick Murphy, Beto O’Rourke, Kirsten Gillibrand, Steve Bullock, Amy McGrath, Max Rose, Abb- (oops, almost said Finkenauer, but caught myself.)
This seems like a weird list. Many of these people don't seem like they ever really rated much as "rising stars", at least not on the same playing field in which they "flopped". For example, in the 90s, Kasich was more well known than the average Congressman, sure. But not well known enough that many ever really expected him to be nominated for president. (Maybe Vice President, but that's always a shot in the dark.). So no one was surprised that his 2000 presidential race was a dud.
And then in his second political life in the 2010s, no one expected him to get very far in the 2016 presidential primaries, and I think for a couple of those early 10 person debates, he was on the bubble for even qualifying for the debate, as opposed to being pushed off to the kiddie table debate. I'd say coming in 3rd or 4th in the primaries counts as beating expectations for him.
This (and some other posts in the thread) seems more like a list of people who got at least a little bit of national attention among political observers at some point in time, and didn't win the highest office that they ever ran for. But that's true of a huge number of politicians from American history.