Do women have lower incomes (on average) because of discrimination?

[nclib]

Yes (D).

I realize that some of it is by choice, but even choices can be influenced by discrimination. If women are expected to do more than half the domestic work, they may not want as much responsibility at work. If women are expected to be less pushy, they may be less likely to ask for raises. If women are advised towards low-paying jobs, they may not choose a field that pays well.

This issue is not the choice to be a mother, as fathers actually get more money than childless men. Even if one takes the perspective that mothers should do more childcare than fathers, and thus can take on less responsibility at work, this still doesn't add up.