The key is that the minority be given the opportunity to elect a candidate of choice. Turnout is only a factor if it is due to voter suppression. Citizenship and age do matter, since only adult citizens can vote and exercise that opportunity.
Which is why some Pubs win from time to time in Hispanic VRA districts. They may be 50%+ HCVAP, but Hispanic turnout is lower than other ethnic groups in the CD's.
TX uses Spanish Surname Registered Voters (SSRV) as a replacement for HCVAP. Citizenship data isn't part of the decennial census, and is based on a statistical sample. SSRV is presumed to be as valid as HCVAP.
To be a mandate it has to be driven by law. The VRA can't provide that for educational attainment, since it only covers discrimination based on race, color, or membership in a designated language minority (American Indian, Asian American, Alaskan Natives or Spanish). So the nature of any change to the law to create such a mandate would likely influence the impact.
