Bob Dylan's "Blonde on Blonde" to Bob Dylan's "Blood on the Tracks." So, 1965ish-1975ish.
If I had to pick a (approx.) ten year period...
I'd say Abbey Road from the Beatles started height of rock/pop music in Sept. 1969, and that peak finished off with Pink Floyd's The Wall in Nov. 1979.
I was thinking about starting it with Rubber Soul and ending it with Queen's A Day At The Races, but I think any "peak of rock" discussion has to include The Wall, which is basically (in my eyes anyway) THE album of rock, combining all the theatrics, bombast, political/social commentary, and styles into one package. Most would say that album is actually The White Album, but I find it to be brutally filler-ish and a chore to sit through.