Mandatory County Splits
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  Political Geography & Demographics (Moderators: muon2, 15 Down, 35 To Go)
  Mandatory County Splits
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Author Topic: Mandatory County Splits  (Read 538 times)
ElectionsGuy
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« on: August 31, 2013, 09:50:01 PM »

A list of all the required county splits you have to make when drawing congressional districts.

For reference: Number of splits + 1 = number of congressional districts involved in the county

Remember, this is the amount of splits the county must have at the least, there can be more than the listed numbers. Feel free to also list future county splits for 2020 and beyond. If you notice and error or something is missing, please tell me and I will fix it.

Alabama: 7 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Alaska: 1 Congressional District: Mandoatory County Splits: None
Arizona: 9 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 6
Pima County: 1 required split
Maricopa County: 5 required splits
Arkansas: 4 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
California: 53 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 39
San Mateo County: 1 required split
San Francisco County: 1 required split
Ventura County: 1 required split
Kern County: 1 required split
Fresno County: 1 required split
Contra Costa County: 1 required split
Sacramento County: 2 required splits
Alameda County: 2 required splits
Santa Clara County: 2 required splits
San Bernardino County: 3 required splits
Riverside County: 3 required splits
Orange County: 4 required splits
San Diego County: 4 required splits
Los Angeles County: 13 required splits
Colorado: 7 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Connecticut: 5 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 3
New Haven County: 1 required split
Hartford County: 1 required split
Fairfield County: 1 required split
Delaware: 1 Congressional District: Mandatory County Splits: None
Florida: 27 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 10
Duval County: 1 required split
Pinellas County: 1 required split
Orange County: 1 required split
Hillsborough County: 1 required split
Palm Beach County: 1 required split
Broward County: 2 required splits
Miami-Dade County: 3 required splits
Georgia: 14 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 2
Gwinnett County: 1 required split
Fulton County: 1 required split
Hawaii: 2 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Honolulu County: 1 required split
Idaho: 2 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Illinois: 18 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 8
DuPage County: 1 required split
Cook County: 7 required splits
Indiana: 9 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Marion County: 1 required split
Iowa: 4 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Kansas: 4 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Kentucky: 6 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Jefferson County: 1 required split
Louisiana: 6 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Maine: 2 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Maryland: 8 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 3
Baltimore County: 1 required split
Prince George's County: 1 required split
Montgomery County: 1 required split
Massachusetts: 9 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 4
Essex County: 1 required split
Worcester County: 1 required split
Middlesex County: 2 required splits
Michigan: 14 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 4
Macomb County: 1 required split
Oakland County: 1 required split
Wayne County: 2 required splits
Minnesota: 8 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Hennepin County: 1 required split
Mississippi: 4 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Missouri: 8 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
St. Louis County: 1 required split
Montana: 1 Congressional District: Mandatory County Splits: None
Nebraska: 3 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Nevada: 4 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 2
Clark County: 2 required splits
New Hampshire: 2 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
New Jersey: 12 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 3
Essex County: 1 required split
Middlesex County: 1 required split
Bergen County: 1 required split
New Mexico: 3 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
New York: 27 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 15
Monroe County: 1 required split
Erie County: 1 required split
Westchester County: 1 required split
Nassau County: 1 required split
Bronx County: 1 required split
Suffolk County: 2 required splits
New York County: 2 required splits
Queens County: 3 required splits
Kings County: 3 required splits
North Carolina: 13 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 2
Wake County: 1 required split
Mecklenburg County: 1 required split
North Dakota: 1 Congressional District: Mandatory County Splits: None
Ohio: 16 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 3
Hamilton County: 1 required split
Franklin County: 1 required split
Cuyahoga County: 1 required split
Oklahoma: 5 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Oregon: 5 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Pennsylvania: 18 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 4
Montgomery County: 1 required split
Allegheny County: 1 required split
Philadelphia County: 2 required splits
Rhode Island: 2 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Providence County: 1 required split
South Carolina: 7 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
South Dakota: 1 Congressional District: Mandatory County Splits: None
Tennessee: 9 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Shelby County: 1 required split
Texas: 36 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 16
Hidalgo County: 1 required split
Collin County: 1 required split
El Paso County: 1 required split
Travis County: 1 required split
Bexar County: 2 required splits
Tarrant County: 2 required splits
Dallas County: 3 required splits
Harris County: 5 required splits
Utah: 4 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Salt Lake County: 1 required split
Vermont: 1 Congressional District: Mandatory County Splits: None
Virginia: 11 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Fairfax County: 1 required split
Washington: 10 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 4
Snohomish County: 1 required split
Pierce County: 1 required split
King County: 2 required splits
West Virginia: 3 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: None
Wisconsin: 8 Congressional Districts: Mandatory County Splits: 1
Milwaukee County: 1 required split
Wyoming: 1 Congressional District: Mandatory County Splits: None
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traininthedistance
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« Reply #1 on: August 31, 2013, 10:04:34 PM »

There are, of course, cases in many metro areas where the juxtaposition of several large counties next to each other will force splits even if every county is under the limit for a district.  (And, of course, if the maximum allowed deviation is small enough, then the minimum number of county splits can just be equal to the number of districts minus 1).

For example, just to pick something easy and early in the alphabet, Arapahoe County has several exclaves that are entirely surrounded by the City of Denver, so since the population of Denver plus Arapahoe is much larger than a district, a split is mandatory.  In fact, even if you ignore those exclaves (either by thinking of them as part of Denver, or as separate counties), a split is still mandatory, since Denver is entirely surrounded by large counties which, when added to Denver, would force a split.

So this list should be thought of as an unachievable lower bound, that in practice will suggest lower numbers than are actually possible in most states.
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ElectionsGuy
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« Reply #2 on: August 31, 2013, 10:13:18 PM »

Key:

0 = Toss-Up
1-2 = >30%
3-4 = >40%
5-6 = >50%
7-8 = >60%
9-10 = >70%
11-15 = >80%
16+ = >90%

Map:




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ElectionsGuy
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« Reply #3 on: August 31, 2013, 10:21:22 PM »

There are, of course, cases in many metro areas where the juxtaposition of several large counties next to each other will force splits even if every county is under the limit for a district.  (And, of course, if the maximum allowed deviation is small enough, then the minimum number of county splits can just be equal to the number of districts minus 1).

For example, just to pick something easy and early in the alphabet, Arapahoe County has several exclaves that are entirely surrounded by the City of Denver, so since the population of Denver plus Arapahoe is much larger than a district, a split is mandatory.  In fact, even if you ignore those exclaves (either by thinking of them as part of Denver, or as separate counties), a split is still mandatory, since Denver is entirely surrounded by large counties which, when added to Denver, would force a split.

So this list should be thought of as an unachievable lower bound, that in practice will suggest lower numbers than are actually possible in most states.

Yes indeed. what I'm showing here are the the counties that exceed the population of a congressional district in that state. I'm showing you in any situation the least amount of splits that is possible for a congressional district. Of course when you draw them all in that state the least number of splits for every county can't be achieved. But in any instance without worrying about other districts any of the lowest number of splits for all the counties mentioned can be achieved in some way. So its all the possible lowest amount of splits when drawing individual districts without any others, I'm not really taking into affect the whole state and its connection. I hope you get what I'm trying to say here.
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muon2
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« Reply #4 on: September 01, 2013, 02:19:30 PM »

This idea was the basis of some threads last year. The first thread looked at states that could have districts made without any county splits using a 0.5% maximum population deviation. A later thread extended it to states that matched the minimum number of splits based on the population of large counties. The exercise was useful to find the relationship between the number of counties per district and the population range of the districts.


Each point represents a state from the threads mentioned above or from a New England state using towns. Yellow points are states that exceeded an initial straight-line fit by more than 1 standard deviation. Other states could not be drawn without additional splits unless the maximum range (generally the maximum deviation times two) for the districts was increased.
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