Public Offices held by Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates

[Lincoln Republican]

1900

William McKinley OH Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1896

Theodore Roosevelt NY Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1904  

William Jennings Bryan NE Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1896

Adlai E Stevenson I IL Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1892

John G Woolley IL Prohibition Party

1871 Graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University, later gaining admission to the Illinois bar

1875 Elected City Attorney Paris, Il

1881 Became Prosecuting Attorney Minneapolis, MN

1886 Entered private law practice in New York

1888 Woolley, a reformed alcoholic, began a career of public speaking around the country

1896 Declined Prohibition Party nomination for President U.S.

1900 Nominated as United Christian Party candidate for Vice President U.S., with Silas C Swallow for President U.S., but both refused nomination

1900 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

As the 19th century ended and the 20th began, Woolley was successively editor, and part-owner, of The Lever in Chicago and of the journal into which it merged, The New Voice, national organ of the Prohibition Party, founded in 1899

Woolley made two tours of Europe in 1901 and 1905 to speak for Prohibition

Henry B Metcalfe RI Republican, Prohibition Party

1856 Received an A.M., or Master of Arts, degree from Tufts College, now Tufts University, in Massachusetts

Became a business leader

1867 Helped to form the Boston Button Company as the firm’s senior partner

1874 Moved to Rhode Island where he established the Pawtucket Haircloth Company. He later formed the Campbell Machine Company in Boston, a concern which made the machinery to make shoes.

For the last 25 plus years of his life, was a trustee of his alma mater, Tufts University, and also served as the university’s president

Republican until 1872, when he broke with the liberal wing of the party to support New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley for President

1874 An active member of the community of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, assisted in the reorganization of that city’s government

1874 Elected to the Winchester RI city council

1886 Elected to a seat in the Rhode Island state Senate but his ardent stand for prohibition led the liquor industry to oppose his re-election, and he was defeated after only one term in office.  Despite the defeat, was a leader in pushing for a constitutional amendment to ban the sale of liquor in Rhode Island. To this end he also served as the President of the Rhode Island Temperance Union.

1893 Prohibition Party candidate for Governor of Rhode Island, lost

1900 Delegate to Prohibition Party National Convention, aided in the nomination of noted prohibitionist and attorney John G Woolley for the party's Presidential nomination

1900 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John G Woolley, lost

1900-1904 Continued his business opportunities, and served as a member of the American Protective Tariff League of New York, and as vice president of the American Anti-Imperialist League

[Lincoln Republican]

1900 Continued

Eugene V Debs IN  Democratic 1879-1894, Social Democracy Party 1897-1898, Social Democratic Party 1898-1901, Socialist Party of America 1901-1926

Attended public school, dropping out of high school at age 14

1869-1874 Railway worker

1875 Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen made him an officer of local lodge

1880 Elected to Brotherhood of Local Firemen national office as Secretary Treasurer also serving as editor of Locomotive Firemen's magazine

1880-1884 Terre Haute, IN City Clerk

1877 Delegate of the Terre Haute lodge to Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen's national convention

1885-1889 IN State General Assembly, Democratic

Shifted efforts from elective politics to promoting collective bargaining for tradesmen

1893 Founded American Railway Union

1900 Social Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley, William Jennings Bryan, John G Woolley

1904 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to Theodore Roosevelt, Alton B Parker

1905 Helped organize Industrial Worker's of the World Union

1908 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to William Howard Taft, William Jennings Bryan

1912 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft

1916 Declined Socialist Party of America nomination for President U.S.

1916 Socialist Party of America candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, IN, lost

1918 Sentenced to 10 years in prison when found in violation of Espionage Act of 1917

1920 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding, James M Cox

1920 As Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., ran from prison in Atlanta Federal Prison

1921 Pardoned from prison sentence by President Warren G Harding Christmas Day 1921

1921 En route home to Terre Haute IN from Atlanta Federal Prison, Debs was warmly received at the White House by President Warren G Harding

1924 Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize by Finnish Socialist Karl H Wiik on grounds that "Debs started to work actively for peace during World War I, mainly because he considered the war to be in the interest of capitalism"

Job Harriman CA, Democratic, Socialist Labor Party, Social Democratic Party, Socialist Party of America

After graduating from Butler University in 1884 went on into the ministry

Initially a member of Democratic Party

1898 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor CA, lost

1899 Broke with the Socialist Labor Party, thereafter affiliated with the East Coast-based variant of the Social Democratic Party of America (SDP)

1900 Social Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Eugene Debs, lost

1911 Candidate for Mayor Los Angeles on the Socialist ticket, lost

1913 Candidate for Mayor Los Angeles on the Socialist ticket, lost

From 1913 Sought to establish a self-sufficient community upon socialist principles

Wharton Barker PA Republican, Populist Party (People's Party)

Financier and publicist

Graduated from the University of Pennsylvania 1866

Commanded a company in Civil War

1869 Founded the Penn Monthly, a weekly devoted to political, economic, and social questions, which in 1880-1900 was published under the name The American

1878 As a member of the banking firm of Barker Bros. & Co., appointed in 1878 special financial agent of the Russian government

In the field of politics, became known as the proposer for the presidency of Garfield and Harrison, and as one of the chief opponents of a third term for Grant

1896 left Republican Party to join the Populists

1900 Populist Party (People's Party) candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was a development of the National Farmers' Alliance

Ignatius L Donnelly MN Republican, Populist Party (People's Party)

Admitted to the prestigious Central High School, the second oldest public high school in the United States, excelling primarily in literature.

Decided to become a lawyer, and became a clerk for Benjamin Brewster, who later became Attorney General of the United States 1881-1885

Jan 2 1860-Mar 4 1863 Lieutenant Governor MN, Republican  

Mar 4 1863-Mar 3 1869 U.S. House of Representatives MN, Republican

1874-1878 MN State Senate, Republican

Author

1882 Published Atlantis: The Antediluvian World

1883 Published Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel

1888 Published The Great Cryptogram

1880s Made several campaigns for public office

1884 Democratic candidate for U.S. House of Representatives, lost

1887 Successfully campaigned for a seat in MN State Legislature as an Independent

1887-1888 MN State House of Representatives  

During this period, he was also an organizer of Minnesota Farmers' Alliance

1891-1894 MN State Senate

1892 Wrote preamble of the People's Party's Omaha Platform for the Presidential campaign

1897-1898 Minnesota State House of Representatives

1900 Populist Party (People's Party) candidate for Vice President U.S. with Wharton Barker, lost

The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was a development of the National Farmers' Alliance

1900 Populist Party (People's Party) candidate Governor MN, lost

Joseph F Maloney MA Socialist Labor Party

Machinist

Was described at the time of his nomination as a "young, militant Socialist"

1900 Socialist Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to William McKinley

Valentine Remmel PA Socialist Labor Party

Glass Blower

1900 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Joseph F Maloney, lost

Active in labor movement, left Socialist Labor Party later between 1901 and 1910

"Fusion" Populists

Nominated William Jennings Bryan for President See 1896

Nominated Charles Towne MN for Vice President. Democratic, "Fusion" Populists

Graduated University of Michigan

Mar 4 1895-Mar 3 1897 U.S. House of Representatives MN

1896 Independent candidate for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives MN, lost

1900 When Adlai Stevenson I won the Democratic nomination for Vice President over Charles Towne, Towne after some time withdrew from the race with the "Fusion"  Populists endorsing Stevenson

Dec 5 1900-Jan 28 1901 U.S. Senate MN.  Appointed to Senate to fill a vacancy until the elected replacement took office.

Mar 4 1905-Mar 3 1907 U.S. House of Representatives NY

[J. J.]

1856

James Buchanan PA Federalist, Democratic

1814-1816 PA House of Representatives, Federalist
1821-1831 U.S. House of Representatives PA
1832-1833 Minister to Russia
1834-1845 U.S. Senate PA
1845 Declined nomination by James K Polk for U.S. Supreme Court
1845-1849 U.S. Secretary of State, under James K Polk
1852-1866 President Board of Trustees Franklin & Marshall College Lancaster, PA
1853-1845 Minister to Great Britain
1857-1861 President U.S.

Since you are listing both Military and Masonic service:

1813?-1814? Private, Pennsylvania Militia. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan


1828-1824 District Deputy Grand Master for the Counties of Lancaster, Lebanon and York (PA)

http://www.pagrandlodge.org/district15/MasonicPresidents/15buchanan.htm

[Lincoln Republican]

1900 Continued

Anti-Imperialist League

Nominated William Jennings Bryan, see 1896, for President and Adlai Stevenson I, see 1892, for Vice President

The American Anti-Imperialist League opposed the annexation of the Philippines. It hoped to nominate a candidate who would run solely on the issue of anti-imperialism. However, the one candidate whom had shown any promise, elderly former Senator John Henderson of Missouri, refused. The Anti-Imperialist League National Convention on August 15 divided over whether to nominate Bryan or introduce a third ticket. After a motion to nominate an Independent ticket failed, Bryan and Stevenson were declared the nominees.

John Henderson MO Democratic, Unionist, Unconditional Unionist, Republican

Studied on his own while a farm hand

Taught school

1844 Admitted to Missouri bar and practiced law

1848-1850 MO State House of Representatives

1856-1858 MO State House of Representatives

Active in Democratic politics

1861 Commissioned a Brigadier General in Missouri State Militia commanding federal forces in northeast Missouri during Civil War

January 17, 1862 Appointed to U.S. Senate as a Unionist to fill a vacancy

1862 Elected to six year term in U.S. Senate for MO

Jan 17 1862-Mar 4 1869 U.S. Senate MO

1862 Signed a peace treaty with Jefferson Jones of the short-lived Kingdom of Callaway, lending that breakaway state legitimacy before federal troops invaded and ended its existence

1864 As a United States Senator representing a slave state, co-authored and co-sponsored the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution permanently prohibiting slavery in the United States

1868 During President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial, Henderson broke party ranks, along with six other Republican senators, and voted for acquittal

1868 Did not run for reelection to U.S. Senate

An unsuccessful candidate for Governor MO and later U.S. Senator

1875 Special United States attorney for prosecution of the Whiskey Ring at St. Louis

1877 Appointed a commissioner to treat with hostile tribes of Indians

1900 Refused to accept the Presidential nomination of the Anti-Imperialist League

According to a story circulated in the early 1900s, Henderson met with President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865 shortly before Lincoln left for Ford's Theatre where he was assassinated that night, and successfully procured a pardon for Missouri resident George S E Vaughn who had been convicted of spying and sentenced to death, becoming Lincoln's last official act as President. However in 2011 David Blanchette of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield, Illinois said there is no record of any such pardon.

Democratic National Party

The Democratic National Party held its 2nd, and ultimately last, National Convention in the Carnegie Lyceum in New York City, with around 100 delegates present. The convention nominated Senator Donelson Caffery of Louisiana for President and Archibald M Howe, an attorney from Boston Massachusetts, for Vice President. However Caffery, being a staunch Democrat, refused the nomination, and Howe removed himself soon after. Edward Waldo Emerson was hurriedly nominated in Caffery's place, but would only appear on the ballot in his native Massachusetts.

Edward Waldo Emerson MA Democratic National Party

=====
Son of Ralph Waldo Emerson, noted American essayist, lecturer, poet
=====

Graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1874, and practiced medicine in Concord, MA until 1882, when he received an inheritance and retired from his practice. After retiring from practice, he was instructor in art anatomy at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts 1885–1906.

Superintendent of schools in Concord, MA and on the board of health and the cemetery and library committees. He was a founding member of the Concord Antiquarian Society, now called the Concord Museum, and a member of the Social Circle.

1900 Democratic National Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley.  Appeared on ballot only in his native Massachusetts.

Donelson Caffery LA Democratic, Democratic National Party

=====
Great grandson of Colonel John Donelson, co-founder of the city of Nashville, father-in-law of President Andrew Jackson

Grandfather of Patrick T Caffery, served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives LA 1969–1973
=====

Civil War Served in the Confederate army as a Lieutenant

After the war he became a lawyer and owned a sugar plantation

Elected to Louisiana State Senate

1892 Appointed to U.S. Senate LA to fill the unexpired term of Randall L Gibson who died in office. Caffery began a full six-year term in 1894, on election by the Louisiana State Legislature, and served in the U.S. Senate until 1901.

Dec 31 1892-Mar 4 1901 U.S. Senate LA

1900 Declined to seek a second full term in U.S. Senate

1900 Nominated by Democratic National Party for President U.S., declined the nomination

1900 A group of anti-imperialists, meeting in New York City on Sep 5 1900, nominated Caffery for President and Boston attorney and historian Archibald M Howe for Vice President. Caffery, a staunch Democrat, refused this nomination, and Howe quickly withdrew as well.

1901 After leaving U.S. Senate resumed practicing law

Archibald M Howe MA Republican, Democratic National Party

Attorney and historian by profession

Graduated from Harvard University in 1869, 1872 graduated from Harvard University School of Law

Served as private secretary to Republican Henry Lillie Pierce when Lillie was elected to the US House of Representatives in 1872, remaining so until 1877

Served as a member of the School Committee and the Common Council in Cambridge

A Republican in politics, who had broken from the party in 1884 to support Democrat Grover Cleveland, Howe argued against the foreign policies of Republican President William McKinley, which Howe and others saw as imperialist. To this end, in 1900 a group of like-minded people met at Carnegie Hall in New York City on Sep 5 1900 and formed the National Party as a protest against McKinley. They nominated Donelson Caffery of Louisiana, a US Senator and Democrat, for President and Archibald M Howe for Vice President. Caffery had not asked to be nominated by a party other than his own, and he quickly withdrew. Howe followed, and the party merely asked its followers nationwide to vote for the party’s electors as a protest vote. Few votes were received.

The Union Reform Party nominated Seth H Ellis of Ohio for President, and Samuel T Nicholson of Pennsylvania for Vice President

Seth H Ellis OH Republican, Prohibition Party, Union Reform Party

A pioneer in the promotion of Ohio and national agriculture

1873 Elected first Master of the Ohio State Grange, of which he was a founder

Republican Party candidate for Ohio State Legislature, lost

1892 Prohibition Party candidate for Governor OH, lost

1899 Union Reform Party candidate for Governor OH, lost

1900 Union Reform Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

Samuel T Nicholson PA Union Reform Party

1900 Union Reform Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Seth H Ellis, lost

The United Christian Party nominated Jonah F R Leonard for President, and David H Martin for Vice President. Initially, the party had nominated Silas C Swallow for President and John G Woolley for Vice President, but both men refused, choosing to instead contest the Prohibition Party nomination, of which Woolley would emerge the victor.

Jonah F R Leonard IA  Republican, United Christian Party

1856 Moved to Kansas espoused the side of the Free-Soil party, and did all in his power to make Kansas a free State

While a citizen of Kansas elected to the office of county Superintendent of Schools, and also served as County Surveyor of Chase County

Moved to Illinois

1862 enlisted in the 93d Illinois Infantry, and served until the close of the Civil War in 1865

1865 Moved to Iowa  

1899 candidate for  Lieutenant Governor Iowa
 
1900 United Christian Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William McKinley

David H Martin PA United Christian Party

1900 United Christian Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Jonah F R Leonard, lost

Silas C Swallow PA United Christian Party

Methodist preacher and prohibitionist politician who was a lifelong opponent of slavery

Civil War Served as a lieutenant

1860 Became a charter member of the Central Pennsylvania Conference upon its organization

1863 Entered the Baltimore Conference

Editor of the Central Pennsylvania Methodist

United Christian Party candidate for Mayor of Harrisburg, PA, PA state legislature, PA State Treasurer, Governor of PA, lost

1900 Nominated as United Christian Party candidate for President U.S., but refused nomination

1900 A candidate for Prohibition Party nomination for President U.S., lost to John G Woolley

1904 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Theodore Roosevelt

John G Woolley IN Prohibition Party, United Christian Party  See 1900 above

[Lincoln Republican]

1904

Theodore Roosevelt NY Republican 1880-1912, Progressive "Bull Moose" 1912, Republican 1912-1919

=====
Son of Theodore Roosevelt Sr, who was nominated as Collector of the Port of New York Dec 1877, but nomination was rejected by U.S. Senate

Father of Theodore Roosevelt Jr, NY State Assembly 1920-1921, Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1921-1924, Republican Party candidate for Governor NY 1924, lost, Governor Puerto Rico 1929-1932, Governor General Philippines 1932-1933

Fifth cousin of Franklin D Roosevelt, NY State Senate 1911-1913, Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1913-1920, unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Vice President U.S. 1920, Governor NY 1929-1932, President U.S. 1933-1945, see also 1932 Franklin D Roosevelt

Uncle of Eleanor Roosevelt, who was the wife of Franklin D Roosevelt, see First Lady of the United States 1932 Eleanor Roosevelt
=====

Apr 25 1865 Six year old Theodore Roosevelt and his brother Elliot Roosevelt, age five, witnessed the funeral procession of President Abraham Lincoln as it moved down Broadway in New York City, from a second story window of the Roosevelt home, their grandfather's, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt's mansion

1876 Entered Harvard College, where he studied a variety of subjects, including German, natural history, zoology, forensics, composition
 
1880 Graduated from Harvard College Phi Beta Kappa with an A.B. magna cum laude

1880-1881 Attended Columbia Law School, dropped out to pursue a career in public service

Military Service

Allegiance

United States

Branch/Service

United States Army
New York Army
National Guard

Years of Service

1882-1886, 1898

Rank

Colonel

Commands

First United States Volunteer Cavalry

Battles/Wars

Spanish-American War
Battle of Las Guasimas
Battle of San Juan Hill

Military Awards

Medal of Honor (Posthumously 2001)
 
Jan 1 1882-Dec 31 1884 NY State Assembly

Jan 1 1883-Dec 31 1883 NY State Assembly Minority Leader

1884 Candidate for Speaker NY State Assembly, lost

Republican activist in NY State Assembly writing more bills than any other state legislator

1884 Attended Republican National Convention. Supported U.S. Senator George F Edmunds of Vermont for the Republican Party nomination for President U.S.  Presidential nomination was won by former U.S. Senator James G Blaine of Maine.
 
1884 Deputy Sheriff in Dakota

1886 Republican candidate for Mayor New York City, lost

1888 Campaigned in Midwest for Republican Presidential candidate Benjamin Harrison.  Harrison elected.

1889-1895 United States Civil Service Commission appointed by President Benjamin Harrison, served 1889-1893 under Benjamin Harrison, reappointed 1893 by President Grover Cleveland, serving 1893-1895 under Grover Cleveland

1892 Supported Benjamin Harrison for reelection President U.S.  Harrison defeated.

1895-1897 President of Board of New York City Police Commissioners

Apr 19 1897-May 10 1898 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, appointed by President William McKinley

Of interest, Franklin D Roosevelt as well served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, serving 1913-1920 under Woodrow Wilson

Of interest, Theodore Roosevelt Jr, son of Theodore Roosevelt, as well served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, serving 1921–1924 under Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge

According to author Edward J Renehan, Jr, no less than five members of the extended Roosevelt clan served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt Jr who served from 1921 through 1924 under Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge, Theodore Douglas Robinson, the son of Corinne Roosevelt, who served from 1924 through 1929 under Calvin Coolidge, and Henry Latrobe Roosevelt, a descendant of Robert Fulton's old friend "Steamboat Nicholas" Roosevelt, who served from 1933 through 1936 under Franklin D Roosevelt

Jan 1 1899-Dec 31 1900 Governor NY

1900 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William McKinley, elected

Mar 4 1901-Sep 14 1901 25th Vice President U.S. under William McKinley.  McKinley assassinated Sep 14 1901

Nov 21 1899, William McKinley's first Vice President, Garret Hobart, died of a heart attack. Theodore Roosevelt had anticipated a second term as Governor of NY or, alternatively, a cabinet post in the War Department. His friends, especially Henry Cabot Lodge, saw this as a dead end. They supported him for Vice President, and no one else of prominence was actively seeking that job. Some people in the GOP wanted Roosevelt as Vice President. His friends were pushing, and so were his foes. Roosevelt's reforming zeal ran afoul of the insurance and franchise businesses, who had a major voice in the New York GOP. The political boss of the Republican Party in New York, Thomas C Platt, engineered Roosevelt's removal from the state by pressuring him to accept the GOP nomination as Vice President in 1900. McKinley refused to consider Roosevelt as Secretary of War, but saw no risk in making him Vice President. Roosevelt accepted the nomination.

Sep 14 1901-Mar 4 1909 26th President U.S.

1904 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected President U.S. in his own right

Roosevelt sapped much of his potential influence over Congress his last two years in office by announcing the night of his election as President in 1904 that he would not run for reelection as President in 1908, a statement he would greatly come to regret making

Mar 17 1905 At the wedding of Franklin D Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt, President Theodore Roosevelt gave away the bride, his niece

1906 Awarded Nobel Peace Prize

Nov 9 1906-Nov 26 1906 Became the first sitting President to visit outside the U.S. when he traveled to Panama to inspect construction of the Panama Canal

1908 Pushed through nomination of Secretary of War William Howard Taft as Republican nominee for President U.S.

May 20 1910 United States representative to the funeral of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom

1912 Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson

Oct 14 1912 Assassination attempt on Roosevelt's life while campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was shot by a saloonkeeper named John Flammang Schrank

1916 Progressive Party nominated Roosevelt for President U.S. at their convention, but he met with Republican Presidential nominee Charles Evans Hughes and withdrew from the election

1916 Roosevelt campaigned energetically for Republican Presidential candidate Charles Evans Hughes. Hughes defeated by incumbent President Woodrow Wilson in a close election.

Roosevelt awarded title of Chief Scout Citizen by Boy Scouts of America

End of 1918 Was the presumed front runner for Republican nomination for President U.S. for 1920, but died in 1919

One of four Presidents whose likeness appears on Mount Rushmore, along with George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln

Second Lady of the United States Edith Roosevelt 1901

First Lady of the United States Edith Roosevelt 1901-1909

Her grandfather, Daniel Tyler, served as a Union General in the American Civil War.

At Miss Comstock's school, she acquired the proper finishing touch for a young lady of that era.

Was the first First Lady to employ a full time, salaried social secretary. Her tenure resulted in the creation of an official staff.

 

[Lincoln Republican]

1904 Continued

Charles W Fairbanks  IN Republican

=====
Fairbanks's ancestry traced back to Puritan followers of Oliver Cromwell, with Jonathan Fayerbankes the first family member to reach America in 1632
=====

1872 Graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University

1872 Agent of the Associated Press in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, reporting on political rallies for Horace Greeley during the Presidential election

Moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he briefly attended law school before his admittance to the Ohio bar in 1874

1874 Moved to Indianapolis, Indiana

1888 Prior to Republican National Convention, federal judge Walter Q Gresham sought Fairbanks's help in seeking the nomination for President U.S. While the bid was ultimately unsuccessful, Fairbanks began to take an even greater interest in politics.

1893 Candidate for U.S. Senate IN, lost

1894 Was the most visible organizer and speaker on behalf of Republicans in elections for the State Legislature. He was credited with delivering Republican majorities to both the Indiana House of Representatives and Indiana Senate.

1896 Republican National Convention served as both temporary chairman and keynote speaker, further raising his public profile

1896 Elected U.S. Senate IN

Mar 4 1897-Mar 4 1905 U.S. Senate IN

1898 Appointed a member of the United States and British Joint High Commission which met in Quebec City for the adjustment of Canadian questions, including the boundary dispute about Alaska

1904 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Theodore Roosevelt, elected

Mar 4 1905-Mar 4 1909 26th Vice President U.S. with Theodore Roosevelt

1908 Candidate for Republican Party Presidential nomination, lost to William Howard Taft.  Taft supported by Roosevelt.

1912 Supported reelection of William Howard Taft rather than Progressive ("Bull Moose") candidacy of Theodore Roosevelt

1916 In charge of establishing platform for Republican Party

1916 Candidate for Republican Party Presidential nomination, lost to Charles Evans Hughes

1916 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Charles Evans Hughes, lost

Fairbanks is the last former Vice President to seek reelection as Vice President for a non-consecutive term, with Adlai Stevenson I before him

Second Lady of the United States Cornelia Fairbanks 1905-1909

Daughter of Republican Ohio State Senator Philander Cole.

Attended Ohio Wesleyan Female College, graduated with an A.B.

Served on the State Board of Charities.

Active with the George Junior Republic movement.

She was one of the founders of the all-women's Fortnightly Literary Club in Indianapolis, serving as its first president, 1865-1868

Served on the State Board of Charities.

During her tenure she helped raise funds to construct the society's Memorial Continental Hall in Washington. In 1907 her chapter of DAR was organized, with 28 charter members.

1907 Elected President General National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution,  serving two terms.

Was a champion of Protestant Christianity, and supported missionary work.

Alton B Parker NY Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

1873 Graduated Albany Law School with an LL.B.

1870s Became active with the Democratic Party and was an early supporter of future New York Governor and US President Grover Cleveland

1870s Practiced law in Kingston, NY

1877 Elected surrogate of Ulster County, NY, reelected 1883

1884 Served as a delegate to Democratic National Convention at which Grover Cleveland was named the party's Presidential nominee

1884 Managed Democratic candidate David B Hill's successful campaign for Governor NY

1885 After his election, Hill appointed Parker to fill a vacancy on the New York State Supreme Court

1886 Elected to his own fourteen-year term on New York State Supreme Court

1889 Became a trial judge when Hill appointed him to the newly formed Second Division of the Court of Appeals

1897 Elected Chief Judge New York Court of Appeals

1898-1904 Chief Judge New York Court of Appeals

1904 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Theodore Roosevelt

1904 After receiving the Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., Parker resigned from the bench

1906-1907 President American Bar Association

1910 Managed Democratic candidate John A Dix's successful campaign for Governor NY

1912 Delivered keynote address at the Democratic National Convention, which nominated Woodrow Wilson for President

1913 Was counsel for the managers of the trial leading to the impeachment of John A Dix's successor as Governor of New York, Democrat William Sulzer

Henry G Davis WV Democratic

=====
Brother of Thomas Beall Davis, West Virginia Democratic State Executive Committee 1876-1907,  West Virginia State House of Delegates 1899-1900, U.S. House of Representatives WV 1905-1907
=====

1865 Elected a member of the WV House of Delegates

1866 Founded Potomac and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company

1869-1871 WV State Senate

Mar 4 1871-Mar 4 1883 U.S. Senate WV

After his tenure in the U.S. Senate ended, in partnership with his son in law, Stephen Benton Elkins, Davis created the Davis Coal and Coke Company, and led it to become one of the  largest coal companies in the world  

1889 Represented U.S. at Pan-American Conference

1901 Represented U.S. at Pan-American Conference

1901-1916 Acted as Chairman of Permanent Pan American Railway Committee

1904 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Alton B. Parker, lost

Chosen as the candidate for Vice President U.S. primarily because of his ability to provide much needed funds to the campaign

1904 After the election defeat helped establish Davis and Elkins College
  
At age 80, Davis was, and is, the oldest person to be nominated for President U.S. or Vice President U.S. on a major party ticket

[Lincoln Republican]

1904 Continued

Eugene V Debs IN Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1900

Benjamin Hanford NY Socialist Party of America

Printer

1892 Became involved in affairs of International Typographical Union Local No. 6

1893 Joined Socialist Labor Party (SLP)

1898 SLP candidate Governor NY, lost

1899 SLP split, left organization with an anti-dual union faction

1900 Breakaway faction, Social Democratic Party, candidate Governor NY, lost

1901 Breakaway faction, Social Democratic Party, candidate Mayor New York City, lost

1901 the eastern "Social Democratic Party" of Hillquit, Slobodin, and Hanford merged with the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party of America headed by Eugene V Debs and Victor L Berger to form the Socialist Party of America (SPA), of which Hanford became a charter member

1902 Socialist Party of America candidate Governor NY, lost

1904 Socialist Party of America candidate Vice President U.S., with Eugene V Debs, lost

1908 Socialist Party of America candidate Vice President U.S.,  with Eugene V debs, lost

Silas C Swallow PA Prohibition candidate for President U.S. See 1900

George W Carroll TX Prohibition

Oil and lumber businessman

Longtime advocate for the prohibition of sale of alcoholic beverages

1904 Candidate Prohibition Party for Vice President U.S. with Silas C Swallow, lost

Thomas E Watson GA Populist candidate for President U.S. See 1896

Thomas Henry Tibbles NE Populist

Journalist, author

Activist for Native American rights

At 16 years of age traveled to Kansas and participated in the "Bleeding Kansas" slavery-related border conflict on the side of the abolitionists

1879 As assistant editor of the Omaha Daily Herald, he was instrumental in bringing the case of Standing Bear and the Ponca Indian people before the United States District Court at Fort Omaha.  This case was famous for its ruling that "an Indian is a person," with all the rights of full citizens.

1891 Was a witness to the aftermath of the massacre of Native Americans at Wounded Knee and reported this tragedy to the world

1893-1895 Worked as a newspaper correspondent in Washington D.C. On returning to Nebraska, Tibbles became editor-in-chief of The Independent, a weekly Populist Party newspaper.

1904 Populist Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Thomas E Watson, lost

Charles Hunter Corregan NY Socialist Labor Party of America

Printer

1898 Socialist Labor Party candidate NY Attorney General, lost

1900 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor NY, lost

1904 Socialist Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to Theodore Roosevelt

1928 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor NY, lost

William Wesley Cox  MO Socialist Labor Party of America

Interior Decorator

A Presidential, Vice Presidential, and perennial U.S. Senate candidate of the Socialist Labor Party of America

MO state chairman of the SLP member of the American Civil Liberties Union

1904 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Charles Hunter Corregan, lost

1920 Socialist Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding

Ran in many elections, and his last attempt at office was in 1944, running unsuccessfully for the United States Senate seat in MO

[Lincoln Republican]

1908  

William Howard Taft OH Republican

=====
Son of Alphonso Taft, U.S. Attorney General 1876-1877, U.S. Secretary of War 1876, Minister to Austria-Hungary 1882-1884, Minister to Russia 1884-1885

Of note, President William Howard Taft was as well Secretary of War, 1904-1908

Brother of Charles Phelps Taft U.S. House of Representatives OH 1895-1897  

Father of Robert A Taft, OH House of Representatives 1921-1931, OH Senate 1931-1933, U.S. Senate OH 1939-1953, unsuccessful candidate for Republican Presidential nomination 1952, U.S. Senate Majority Leader 1953  

Father of Charles Phelps Taft II, Cincinnati, OH City Council 1938-1942, 1948-1951, Mayor Cincinnati, OH 1955-1957, Cincinnati, OH City Council 1957-1977

Grandfather of William Howard Taft III, 1949 went to Dublin, Ireland, as part of the Marshall Plan aid mission and worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Department 1951-1953, U.S. Ambassador to Ireland 1953-1957

Grandfather of Robert A Taft Jr., OH House of Representatives 1955-1962, U.S. House of Representatives OH 1963-1965, Republican candidate for U.S. Senate OH 1964, defeated, U.S. House of Representatives 0H 1967-1971, U.S. Senate OH 1971-1976

Grandfather of Seth Chase Taft, unsuccessful candidate OH Senate 1962, unsuccessful candidate Mayor Cleveland, OH 1967, losing to Democratic candidate Carl B Stokes, the first African American Mayor of a major U.S. city. Taft served as Cuyahoga County, OH Commissioner 1971-1978, unsuccessfully sought Republican nomination  Governor OH 1982.

Great grandfather of Robert A "Bob" Taft III, OH House of Representatives 1977-1980, Hamilton County, OH Commissioner 1981-1990, Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor OH 1986, defeated, OH Secretary of State 1991-1999, Governor OH 1999-2007

Great grandfather of William Howard Taft IV, attorney adviser to chairman Federal Trade Commission 1970, principal assistant to Caspar W Weinberger, who was deputy director, then director, of the Office of Management and Budget in the Executive Office of the President 1970-1973, executive assistant to U.S. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare 1973-1976,  general counsel U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 1976, General Counsel U.S. Department of Defense 1981-1984, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense 1984-1989, acting U.S. Secretary of Defense 1989, U.S. Permanent Representative to NATO, with rank of ambassador 1989-1992, legal adviser U.S. Department of State 2001-2005
=====

1878 Graduated from Yale College with a Bachelor of Arts Degree, ranking second in his class out of 121

1880 Graduated from Cincinnati Law School with a Bachelor of Laws degree

While in law school, worked on The Cincinnati Commercial newspaper, edited by Murat Halstead. Taft was assigned to cover the local courts, and also spent time reading law in his father's office. Both activities gave him practical knowledge of the law that was not taught in class. Shortly before graduating from law school, Taft went to the state capital of Columbus to take the bar examination and easily passed.

After admission to the Ohio bar, appointed Assistant Prosecutor of Hamilton County, OH, based in Cincinnati

1882 Appointed local Collector of Internal Revenue

1884 Campaigned for Republican Presidential candidate U.S. Senator James G Blaine of Maine, who lost to New York Governor Grover Cleveland

1887 Appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati

Feb 1890-Mar 1892 Solicitor General of United States. At age 32, was the youngest ever Solicitor General of United States.

1891 Began serving on the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for Sixth Circuit

1892 Confirmed by U.S. Senate on March 17 and received his commission that same day

Mar 17 1892-Mar 15 1900 Judge U.S. Court of Appeals for Sixth Circuit

Along with his judgeship, between 1896 and 1900 Taft also served as the first dean and a professor of constitutional law at the University of Cincinnati

1900 Appointed by President William McKinley chairman of a commission to organize a civilian government in the Philippines which had been ceded to the United States by Spain following the Spanish–American War and the 1898 Treaty of Paris

Although Taft had been opposed to the annexation of the islands, and had told McKinley his real ambition was to become a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, he reluctantly accepted the appointment

Jul 4 1901-Dec 23 1903 First civilian Governor General of Philippines

1902 Visited Rome to negotiate with Pope Leo XIII for the purchase of Philippine lands owned by the Roman Catholic Church, then persuaded Congress to appropriate more than $7 million to purchase these lands, which he sold to Filipinos on easy terms

1903 President Theodore Roosevelt offered Taft the seat on the U.S. Supreme Court to which he had for so long aspired, but he reluctantly declined since he viewed the Filipinos as not yet being capable of governing themselves and because of his popularity among them.  Roosevelt actually made the offer of a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court on several different occasions, being met with a decline every time.

Feb 1 1904-Jun 30 1908 U.S. Secretary of War under President Theodore Roosevelt

1904 Campaigned for Republican Presidential nominee Theodore Roosevelt in Presidential election, Roosevelt wins  

1906 President Roosevelt sent troops to restore order in Cuba during the revolt
 
Sep 29 1906-Oct 13 1906 First Provisional Governor of Cuba

1906 Roosevelt made his third offer to Taft of a position on the U.S. Supreme Court which he again declined

Taft indicated to Roosevelt he wanted to be Chief Justice of the United States, not President, but there was no vacancy and Roosevelt wanted Taft to succeed him as President U.S.

1906 Campaigned for Republican candidates in mid term elections

1907 Roosevelt began touting Taft as the best choice for the Republican Presidential nomination for the party for 1908

For a time, Taft served as Acting Secretary of State

1908 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

Mar 4 1909-Mar 4 1913 27th President U.S.

1912 Republican Party candidate for President U.S.,  lost to Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt

Had been made president of the Lincoln Memorial Commission while still in office. Dedicated the Lincoln Memorial as Chief Justice in 1922

1913-1921 Chancellor Kent Professor of Law and Legal History at Yale Law School  

1913 Elected president of the American Bar Association for a one year term

Earned money with paid speeches and with articles for magazines, and would end his eight years out of office having increased his savings

After leaving the Presidency Taft maintained a cordial relationship with President Woodrow Wilson

1914 When World War I broke out in Europe founded the League to Enforce Peace

As president of the League to Enforce Peace, Taft hoped to prevent war through an international association of nations

1916 While at Yale, wrote the treatise, Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers

When President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany in Apr 1917, Taft was an enthusiastic supporter

Taft was chairman of the American Red Cross' executive committee, occupying much of the former President's time

Taft took leave from Yale to be co-chairman of the National War Labor Board 1917-1918, tasked with assuring industrial peace

1918 When Wilson proposed establishment of a League of Nations, with the League's charter part of the Treaty of Versailles, Taft expressed public support

Jul 11 1921-Feb 3 1930 Chief Justice of the United States, nominated by President Warren G Harding
 
Taft remains the only person to have led both the Executive and Judicial branches of the United States government

Became the only U.S. President to serve as Chief Justice of the United States, and thus the only former U.S. President to administer the oath of office to subsequent U.S. Presidents, administering the oath of office to Calvin Coolidge Mar 4 1925 and to Herbert Hoover  Mar 4 1929

Resigned as Chief Justice of the United States Feb 3 1930, died shortly afterwards, Mar 8, 1930

First Lady of the United States Helen Taft 1909-1913

The fourth child of Judge John Williamson Herron, a law partner of Rutherford B Hayes, and Harriet Collins.

Graduated from the Cincinnati College of Music.

With her parents, attended the twenty fifth wedding anniversary celebration of President and Mrs Rutherford B Hayes at the White House 1877.

Her grandfather, Ela Collins, and uncle, William Collins, were both members of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York.

Was the first First Lady to ride in her husband's inauguration parade.

Attended the cabinet meetings with the President without speaking on the issues.

Introduced musical entertainment after state dinners which became a White House tradition. 

In her most lasting contribution as First Lady, arranged for the planting of the 3,020 Japanese cherry trees around the Tidal Basin and on Capitol grounds.

June 1912, attended both the Republican National Convention that re-nominated her
husband and the Democratic National Convention that nominated his opponent Woodrow Wilson.

During the Great War, provided support for the American Red Cross.

With Taft's appointment to the Supreme Court in 1921, Helen Taft became the only woman to be both First Lady and wife of a Chief Justice.

Prohibition was a major political debate at the time. Helen Taft was an opponent of the Prohibition movement.

Was the first First Lady to publish her memoirs, to own and drive a car, to support women's suffrage, to smoke cigarettes, and the first First Lady to successfully lobby for safety standards in federal workplaces.  

After her husband's death, served as an honorary vice president of the Colonial Dames of America and the Girl Scouts of the USA.

[Lincoln Republican]

1908 Continued

James S Sherman NY Republican

=====
According to Facts on File, "Sherman was of the ninth generation of descendants from Henry Sherman, a line also connected to Roger Sherman, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and William Tecumseh Sherman, the Union General during the Civil War"

Son of Richard U Sherman, Brigadier General New York State militia 1841–1857, Clerk New York State Assembly 1851-1857, Member New York State Assembly 1857, Delegate New York State Constitutional Convention 1867–1868, Assistant clerk U.S. House of Representatives 1870, member New York State Assembly 1875-1876, Secretary New York State Fish and Game Commission 1879–1890

Brother of Richard W Sherman, Mayor Utica NY 1900-1901

Of interest, James S Sherman was as well Mayor of Utica NY 1884-1885
=====

Educated at Hamilton College, where he was noted for his skills in oratory and debate

1880 After law studies was admitted to New York bar

Practiced law at the local firm of Cookingham & Martin, and also served as president of the Utica Trust & Deposit Co. and the New Hartford Canning Co.

Mar 1884-Mar 1885 Mayor Utica, NY

Mar 4 1887-Mar 3 1891 United States House of Representatives NY

1890 Candidate for United States House of Representatives NY, defeated

1892 Delegate from New York to Republican National Convention
 
Mar 4 1893-Mar 3 1909 United States House of Representatives NY

1908 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Howard Taft, elected

Mar 4, 1909–Oct 30, 1912 27th Vice President U.S. under William Howard Taft.  Sherman died in office.

To date, Sherman is the last Vice President U.S. to have died in office

1912 Renominated for Vice President U.S. on Republican ticket with William Howard Taft, the first time a sitting Vice President had been renominated in eighty-four years

But Sherman's health had collapsed, due to his steadily worsening kidney condition (Bright's disease), and he gave his acceptance speech against medical advice. Just days before the election, Oct 30 1912, he died at home in Utica, New York, and President Taft was left with no running mate with less than a week before the election, although Nicholas Murray Butler of New York was designated to receive the electoral votes that Sherman would have received. Taft and Butler were defeated by the Democratic ticket of Woodrow Wilson and Thomas R Marshall, as well as by the Progressive, "Bull Moose," ticket of Theodore Roosevelt and Hiram Johnson.  The office of Vice President remained vacant until Marshall's inauguration, Mar 4, 1913.

Second Lady of the United States Carrie Sherman 1909-1912


Was the granddaughter of Congressman and Union brigade commander Eliakim Sherrill, killed at Gettysburg.

During her tenure as Second Lady, she founded the Congressional Club for Senators' and Representatives' wives.

William Jennings Bryan NE Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1896

John W Kern IN Democratic

Studied law at the University of Michigan

Began to practice law in Kokomo, Indiana

1871-1884 City Attorney Kokomo, IN

1893-1897 Indiana State Senate

1893-1897 Assistant U.S. Attorney for IN

1897-1901 City Solicitor Indianapolis IN

1900 Democratic Party candidate Governor IN, lost

1904 Democratic Party candidate Governor IN, lost

1908 Democratic Party candidate Vice President U.S. with William Jennings Bryan, lost

After Bryan was defeated by Taft, Kern was subsequently outmaneuvered by Democrat Benjamin F. Shively for an open U.S. Senate seat for Indiana

When Indiana's other Senate seat opened in 1910, the Democratic-controlled state legislature rewarded Kern with a seat in the United States Senate

Mar 4 1911-Mar 3 1917 U.S. Senate IN

Mar 4 1913-Mar 3 1917  Chairman of Senate Democratic Caucus.  While the title was not official, he is considered to be the first Senate Majority leader, and in turn, the first Senate Democratic Leader, while serving concurrently as Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus.

1916 Defeated for reelection to U.S. Senate IN

Kern was a champion of the direct election of Senators

At Bryan's urging, President Wilson considered Kern for appointment to high public office, but Kern died on August 17, 1917

Eugene V Debs IN Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. see 1900

Benjamin Hanford NY Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1904

[Lincoln Republican]

1908 Continued

Eugene W Chafin WI, IL, AZ Prohibition

Lawyer

Attended Wisconsin State University, graduating with a degree in law

1877 Elected as Justice of the Peace or "Police Magistrate" reelected in 1878

1882 Prohibition Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives WI, lost

1886 Prohibition Party candidate for Attorney General WI, lost

1898 Prohibition Party candidate for Governor WI, lost

1900 Prohibition Party candidate for Attorney General WI, lost

1902 Prohibition Party candidate for U.S. House  of Representatives IL, lost

1904 Prohibition Party candidate for Attorney General IL, lost

1908 Appointed to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States

1908 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to William Howard Taft

1909 Moved to Arizona

1912 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson

1914 While in Arizona was the Prohibition Party candidate for U.S. Senate AZ, lost

Aaron S Watkins OH Prohibition

=====
Grandfather of W Dean Watkins, Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. 2000
=====

Lawyer

President of Asbury College in Kentucky

Methodist Minister

Received honorary degrees of Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Divinity, Doctor of Humane Letters and Doctor of Philosophy

Long dedicated to promoting the temperance movement, Watkins served as Prohibition Party

Candidate for various political offices, including
 
1904 Prohibition candidate for US House of Representatives OH, lost

1908 Prohibition candidate for Vice President U.S. with Eugene W Chafin, lost

1912 Prohibition candidate for Vice President U.S. with Eugene W Chafin, lost

1920 Prohibition candidate for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding

Thomas L Higsin MA Independence Party

1908 Independence Party candidate President U.S., lost to William Howard Taft

John Temple Graves GA Independence Party

1884 Presidential Elector for Florida

1888 Presidential Elector for Georgia

1908 Independence Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Thomas L Higsin, lost

1912 Speaker at Democratic National Convention

Thomas E Watson GA Populist Party candidate for President U.S. See 1896

Samuel Williams IN Populist

1908 Populist Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Thomas E Watson, lost

August Gillhaus NY Socialist Labor

1908 Substituted for the original nominee, “Morrie” Preston, a miner who was arrested on murder charges during a citywide strike in Goldfield, Nevada, in 1907

1908 Socialist Labor candidate President U.S., lost to William Howard Taft  

1912 Socialist Labor candidate Vice President U.S. with Arthur E. Reimer, lost

1914 Socialist Labor candidate State Engineer and Surveyor NY, lost

1916 Socialist Labor candidate U.S. Senate NY, lost

1918 Socialist Labor candidate Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1920 Socialist Labor candidate Vice President U.S. William Wesley Cox, lost

1930 Socialist Labor candidate State Attorney General NY, lost

Donald L Munro VA Socialist Labor

Machinist and toolmaker

1908 Socialist Labor candidate Vice President U.S. with August Gillhaus, lost

1924 Socialist Labor candidate for Presidential Elector for Virginia

1928 Socialist Labor candidate for Presidential Elector for Virginia

[Lincoln Republican]

1912

Woodrow Wilson NJ Bourbon Democrat, Democratic

=====
Father of Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre

After World War I, Jessie Wilson Sayre and her husband, Francis Bowes Sayre Sr, moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Jessie Wilson Sayre worked in interests of Democratic Party, League of Nations, League of Women Voters. Involved with YWCA, serving on its national board.  

1928 Jessie Wilson Sayre made introductory speech for Presidential nominee Al Smith at Democratic National Convention. 1929 name was mentioned as a candidate for Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator, for the seat then held by Republican Frederick H. Gillett of Massachusetts, declined. Became secretary of Massachusetts Democratic State Committee.

Father in law of  Francis Bowes Sayre Sr

Francis Sayre served as American Foreign Affairs Advisor to government of Siam, (now Thailand), Assistant U.S. Secretary of State, High Commissioner to Philippines 1939-1942, U.S. representative to United Nations Trusteeship Council. While Sayre was Siam's Foreign Affairs Advisor, he was appointed by the government of Siam as Siam's representative on Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague.

Father of Eleanor Randolph Wilson McAdoo

Because she had written a biography about her father, she served as an informal counselor on the 1944 biopic Wilson

Father in law of William Gibbs McAdoo

Served as Vice Chairman of Democratic National Committee, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury 1913-1918, a founder and chairman of the Federal Reserve Board 1914, U.S. Director General of Railroads 1917-1918, candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S. 1920, lost, candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S. 1924, lost, U.S. Senate California 1933-1938. McAdoo was married to Wilson's daughter Eleanor Randolph Wilson.
=====

Academic Career

Attended Davidson College in NC for the 1873–1874 school year, cut short by illness, then transferred to Princeton University as a freshman when his father began teaching at the university. Graduated 1879. In second year, studied political philosophy and history, active in  Whig literary and debating society, wrote for Nassau Literary Review. Organized Liberal Debating Society, later coached Whig–Clio Debate Panel.

In hotly contested election of 1876, declared his support for Democratic Party and its nominee, Samuel J Tilden

1879 Attended law school at University of Virginia for one year; was President of Jefferson Literary and Debating Society. His health became frail and dictated withdrawal, so he went home to Wilmington, NC, where he continued his law studies. Admitted to Georgia bar and made a brief attempt at law practice in Jan 1882. Found legal history and substantive jurisprudence interesting, but abhorred the day to day procedural aspects, and after less than a year abandoned the practice to pursue study of political science and history.

1883 Began graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University

1886 Completed doctoral dissertation, "Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics" and received a Ph.D. in history and political science. For his doctorate, had to learn German.

1886-1887 Academic year was a visiting lecturer at Cornell University, but failed to gain a permanent position

1885-1888 Faculty of Bryn Mawr College

1888-1890 Faculty of Wesleyan University
 
1890 Joined Princeton University faculty as professor of jurisprudence and political economy

While there was one of the faculty members of the short-lived coordinate college, Evelyn College for Women
 
Additionally, became the first lecturer of Constitutional Law at New York Law School where he taught with Charles Evans Hughes, who he would run against in 1916 Presidential election

The only U.S. President to have held a Ph.D.

Writings on government and politics

Government Systems

Under the influence of Walter Bagehot's The English Constitution, Wilson saw the United States Constitution as pre-modern, cumbersome, and open to corruption. An admirer of Parliament, Wilson favored a parliamentary system for the U.S.

Believed that America's intricate system of checks and balances was the cause of the problems in American governance. Said the divided power made it impossible for voters to see who was accountable if government behaved badly.

Said the Congressional committee system was fundamentally undemocratic in that committee chairs, who ruled by seniority, determined national policy although they were responsible to no one except their constituents; and that it facilitated corruption.

Said the Presidency "will be as big as and as influential as the man who occupies it". By the time of his Presidency, Wilson hoped that Presidents could be party leaders in the same way British Prime Ministers were. Wilson also hoped that the parties could be reorganized along ideological, not geographic, lines.

Public Administration

Also studied public administration, which he called "government in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of government, and is of course as old as government itself". He believed that by studying public administration governmental efficiency could be increased.

Was concerned with the implementation of government. He faulted political leaders who focused on philosophical issues and the nature of government and dismissed the critical issues of government administration as mere "practical detail".

Thought the United States required greater compromise because of the diversity of public opinion and the difficulty of forming a majority opinion. Thus practical reform to the government is necessarily slow. Yet Wilson insisted that "administration lies outside the proper sphere of politics" and that "general laws which direct these things to be done are as obviously outside of and above administration."

1902-1910 President Princeton University

1910 Elected President of the American Political Science Association but soon decided to leave his Princeton post and enter New Jersey state politics

1910 Democratic Party candidate for Governor NJ, elected

Jan 17 1911-Mar 1 1913 Governor NJ

1912 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., elected

1916 Democratic Party candidate for reelection President U.S., reelected

Mar 4 1913-Mar 4 1921 28th President U.S.

In the 1916 election, after a hard-fought contest, Wilson defeated Republican Charles Evans Hughes by a narrow margin in the popular vote and with a narrow majority in the Electoral College by winning several swing states with razor-thin margins. Wilson's re-election marked the first time since the Civil War that the Democratic Party won two consecutive Presidential elections, and he became the first Democrat to win two consecutive Presidential elections since Andrew Jackson.

President Wilson led the U.S. delegation to the Paris Peace Conference which took place at Versailles Palace outside Paris Jan 18 1919-Jan 21 1920, with a few intervals, a meeting of the victorious Allied Powers, following the end of World War I, to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers

The Treaty of Versailles, signed on Jun 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris, was the peace settlement between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers, that officially ended World War I  

"The Big Four" at the Paris Peace Conference were the President of the United States Woodrow Wilson, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Lloyd George, the President of France Georges Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of Italy Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. "The Big Four" made all the major decisions at the Conference.

With his attendance at the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson became the first U.S. President to travel to Europe while in office

Incapacity

The immediate cause of Wilson's incapacitation in Sep 1919 was the physical strain of the public speaking tour he undertook to obtain support for ratification of Treaty of Versailles. In Pueblo, Colorado, on Sep 25, 1919, he collapsed and never fully recovered.

Oct 2, 1919, suffered a serious stroke that almost totally incapacitated him, leaving him paralyzed on his left side, and only able to see out of a corner of his right eye. He was confined to bed for weeks, sequestered from nearly everyone except his wife, Edith Wilson, and his physician, Dr. Cary Grayson. For at least a few months, he used a wheelchair. Later, he could walk only with the assistance of a cane. His wife and his aide Joe Tumulty helped a journalist, Louis Seibold, present a false account of an interview with the President.

With few exceptions, senior government officials were not allowed to see him for the remainder of his term. His wife, Edith Wilson, took control, selecting issues for his attention and delegating other issues to his cabinet heads. Eventually, Wilson resumed his attendance at cabinet meetings, but his input there was perfunctory at best. By Feb 1920 the President's true condition was known to all. Nearly every major newspaper expressed qualms about Wilson's fitness for the Presidency at a time when the League of Nations fight was reaching a climax and domestic issues such as strikes, unemployment, inflation and the threat of Communism were ablaze. There was no mechanism to remove him.

This was the most complex case of Presidential disability in American history and became a central argument for the 25th Amendment, which handles the issue of a disabled President

1920 Presidential Election

It was widely accepted prior to the 1920 election that President Wilson would not run for a third term, and would certainly not be nominated if he did make an attempt to regain the nomination. While Vice President Thomas Marshall had long held a desire to succeed Wilson, his indecisive handling of the situation around Wilson's illness and incapacity destroyed any credibility he had as a candidate, and in the end he did not formally put himself forward for the nomination.

Although William Gibbs McAdoo, Wilson's son-in-law and former U.S. Treasury Secretary, was the strongest candidate, Wilson blocked his nomination in hopes a deadlocked convention would demand that he run for a third term, even though he was seriously ill, physically immobile, and in seclusion at the time. The Democrats nominated Governor James M Cox of Ohio as their Presidential candidate, and 38-year-old Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York, a fifth cousin of the late President Theodore Roosevelt, for Vice President.

Post Presidency

In 1921, Wilson and his wife Edith retired from the White House to an elegant 1915 town house in the Embassy Row (Kalorama) section of Washington, D.C.

Wilson continued daily drives, and attended Keith's vaudeville theatre on Saturday nights

Wilson was one of only two Presidents, Theodore Roosevelt was the first, to have served as president of the American Historical Association

On November 10, 1923, Wilson made a short Armistice Day radio speech from the library of his home, his last national address. The following day he spoke briefly from the front steps to more than 20,000 well wishers gathered outside the house.

[Lincoln Republican]

1912 Continued

Woodrow Wilson Continued

First Lady of the United States

Ellen Wilson died on August 6, 1914, while her husband, Woodrow Wilson, was still in office.  Ellen Wilson was First Lady 1913-1914. Their daughter, Margaret Woodrow Wilson, acted as White House hostess 1914-1915, until President Wilson married Edith Galt, on Dec 18 1915, making Edith Wilson First Lady 1915-1921.

Ellen Wilson

A descendant of slave owners, Ellen Wilson lent her prestige to the cause of improving housing in the capital's largely black slums. She visited dilapidated alleys and brought them to the attention of debutantes and Congressmen. Her death spurred passage of a remedial bill she had worked for.

Edith Wilson

At age 15 Enrolled in Martha Washington College, a precursor of Emory and Henry College, a finishing school for girls in Abingdon, Virginia. Returned home after a single semester.

At age 17 enrolled in Powell's  School for Girls in Richmond, Virginia. Powell's School closed at the end of the year.

During second  term of President Wilson, Edith Wilson is notable for the influential role she played in President Wilson's administration following the severe stroke he suffered in Oct 1919. For the remainder of her husband's Presidency, she managed the office of the President, a role she later described as a "stewardship," and determined which communications and matters of state were important enough to bring to the attention of the bedridden president.

Thomas R Marshall IN Democratic

1869 His parents sent him to Wabash College, in Crawfordsville IN, where he received a classical education

Participated in literary and debating societies, founded a Democratic Club. He secured a position on the staff of the college newspaper, the Geyser, and began writing political columns defending Democratic policies.

Was the defendant in a law suit and traveled to Indianapolis in search of a defense lawyer and employed future United States President Benjamin Harrison, then a prominent lawyer in the area

Graduated in June 1873, receiving the top grade in fourteen of his thirty-six courses in a class of twenty-one students. As a result of his libel case, he had become increasingly interested in law and began seeking someone to teach him. At that time, the only way to become a lawyer in Indiana was to apprentice under a member of the Indiana bar association.

Went to live with his parents, who had moved to Columbia City. There he read law in the office of Walter Olds, a future member of the Indiana Supreme Court. He studied in the office for over a year and was admitted to the Indiana bar on April 26, 1875.

1880 Democratic candidate for District Prosecuting Attorney, lost

Marshall remained active in the Democratic party after his 1880 defeat and began stumping on behalf of other candidates and helping to organize party rallies across the state

1904 became a member of the state Democratic Central Committee
 
1906 Declined Democratic Party nomination to run for Congress.  He did hint to state party leaders that he would be interested in running for Governor in the 1908 election.

Jan 11 1909-Jan 13 1913 Governor IN

IN constitution prevented Marshall from serving a consecutive term as Governor, made plans to run for a United States Senate seat after his term as Governor ended

1912 Did not attend Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, his name was put forward as Indiana's choice for President, as a compromise candidate. Presidential nomination was won by Woodrow Wilson.

1912 Instead received Democratic Party nomination for Vice President U.S.
Privately turned down the nomination, assuming the job would be boring given its limited role. He changed his mind after Wilson assured him that he would be given plenty of responsibilities.

1912 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Woodrow Wilson, won

1916 Democratic Party candidate for reelection Vice President U.S. with Woodrow Wilson, reelected

Mar 4 1913-Mar 4 1921 28th Vice President U.S. with Woodrow Wilson

1919-1920, during the serious illness of President Wilson, Secretary of State Robert Lansing was the first official to propose that Marshall forcibly assume the Presidency. Other cabinet secretaries backed Lansing's request, as did Congressional leaders, including members of both the Democratic and Republican parties who sent private communications to Marshall. Marshall was cautious in accepting their offers of support. After consulting with his wife and his long-time personal adviser, Mark Thistlethwaite, he privately refused to assume Wilson's duties and become Acting President of the United States. The process for declaring a President incapacitated was unclear at that time, and he feared the precedent that might be set if he forcibly removed Wilson from office. Marshall wanted the President to voluntarily allow his powers to devolve to the Vice President, but that was impossible given his condition and unlikely given Wilson's dislike for Marshall. Marshall informed the cabinet that the only cases in which he would assume the Presidency were a joint resolution of Congress calling on him to do so, or an official communication from Wilson or his staff asserting his inability to perform his duties.  

1920 Had his name entered as a candidate for the Presidential nomination at the Democratic National Convention

Marshall had long held a desire to succeed Wilson, but his indecisive handling of the situation around Wilson's illness and incapacity destroyed any credibility he had as a candidate, and in the end he did not formally put himself forward for the nomination

Ultimately he endorsed the Democratic nominees, James M. Cox as President and Franklin Delano Roosevelt as Vice President

Second Lady of the United States Lois Marshall 1913-1921

She became involved in charitable activities in Washington DC and spent time working at the Diet Kitchen Welfare Center providing free meals to impoverished children.

In 1917 she became acquainted with a mother of newborn twins, one of whom was chronically ill. The child's parents were unable to get adequate treatment for their son's condition. Lois Marshall formed a close bond with the baby, who was named Clarence Ignatius Morrison, and offered to take him and help him find treatment. The Marshalls had been unable to have children but they never officially adopted Morrison because they believed that to go through the procedure while his parents were still alive would appear unusual to the public. They instead made a special arrangement with his parents. Morrison lived with the Marshalls for the rest of his life. In correspondence they referred to him as Morrison Marshall, but in person they called him Izzy. Lois took him to see many doctors and spent all her available time trying to nurse him back to health but his condition worsened and he died in February 1920, just before his fourth birthday.

[Lincoln Republican]

1912 Continued

Theodore Roosevelt NY Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") candidate for President U.S., see 1904

Hiram Johnson CA Republican, Progressive Party ("Bull Moose"), Republican

=====
Son of Grove Lawrence Johnson, a Republican Representative and a member of the California State Legislature

Mother was Annie DeMontfredy, partially descended of a family of Huguenots who had left France to escape religious persecution there. Annie was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, claiming descent from a general of the Continental Army.
=====

Attended Heald College, a business–career college with multiple campuses in California

First worked as a shorthand reporter and stenographer in law offices

Eventually pursued a legal career, studying at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity

Admitted to the bar in 1888 and commenced practice in Sacramento

1902 Moved to San Francisco where he served as Assistant District Attorney and became active in reform politics, taking up an anti-corruption mantle

Attracted statewide attention in 1908 when he assisted lawyer, judge, and politician Francis J Heney in the graft prosecution of corrupt political boss Abe Ruef and San Francisco Mayor Eugene Schmitz. His success was due in large measure to the fact that after Heney was gunned down in the courtroom, he took the lead for the prosecution and won the case.

Jan 3 1911-Mar 15 1917 Governor CA, won the gubernatorial election in 1910 as a member of the Lincoln-Roosevelt League, a liberal Republican movement

1912 A founder of the Progressive Party

1912 Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") candidate Vice President U.S. with Theodore Roosevelt, lost

1914 Reelected Governor  CA

1916 Theodore Roosevelt was again nominated as the Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") candidate for President, with businessman John M Parker of Louisiana nominated for Vice President.  Hiram Johnson was one of the others mentioned as a possible candidate for Vice President on the Progressive Party ticket, but withdrew his name in favor of Parker.

Roosevelt met with Republican Presidential nominee Charles Evans Hughes, decided not to contest the election, and endorsed Hughes

Mar 16 1917-Aug 6 1945 U.S. Senate CA, died in office

In the 1916 U.S. Senate election in California, progressive Republican candidate Hiram Johnson defeated California attorney, businessman, political figure and Mayor of the city of San Marino, Democratic candidate George Smith Patton.  George Smith Patton  was  the son of George S Patton Sr, a Confederate Colonel during the American Civil War, and the father of George S Patton, the General who commanded the Third United States Army during World War II.  

1919 Following Theodore Roosevelt's death in January 1919, Johnson was regarded as the natural leader of the Progressive Party, however, in 1920, he did not attempt to revive the Progressive Party

1920 Candidate for Republican Presidential nomination, lost to Warren G Harding

1924 Candidate for Republican Presidential nomination, lost to Calvin Coolidge

1932, 1936 Supported Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt in Presidential elections
 
William Howard Taft OH Republican Party candidate for President U.S., see 1908

James S Sherman NY renominated as Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S., died before election, see 1908

Nicholas Murray Butler NY, Republican Party, replacement candidate for Vice President U.S.

Enrolled in Columbia College, later Columbia University, earned  Bachelor of Arts degree 1882, master's degree 1883, doctorate 1884

1885 Studied in Paris and Berlin and became a lifelong friend of future Secretary of State Elihu Root. Through Root he also met Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.

Fall of 1885 Joined the staff of Columbia's philosophy department

1887 Cofounded, and became president of, the New York School for the Training of Teachers, which later affiliated with Columbia University and was renamed Teachers College, Columbia University

1890-1891 A lecturer at Johns Hopkins University Baltimore

Throughout the 1890s served on the New Jersey Board of Education and helped form the College Entrance Examination Board

1901 Acting president Columbia University

1902-1945 President Columbia University
 
Was a delegate to each Republican National Convention from 1888 to 1936

Chair of the Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration that met periodically from 1907 to 1912

During this time he was appointed president of the American branch of International Conciliation

1912 When Vice President and 1912 Republican Vice Presidential candidate, James S Sherman, running on the Republican ticket with President William Howard Taft, died a few days before the Presidential election, Butler was designated as the replacement Republican candidate for Vice President U.S., and to receive the electoral votes that Sherman would have received

1916 Tried to secure Republican Presidential nomination for Elihu Root.  Nomination won by Charles Evans Hughes.

1920 Sought Republican Presidential nomination for himself, nomination won by Warren G Harding

1928 Sought Republican Presidential nomination for himself, nomination won by Herbert Hoover

1928-1941 President of The American Academy of Arts and Letters

1928-1946 President of the elite Pilgrims Society, which promotes Anglo-American friendship

1931 Received Nobel Peace Prize

Believed that prohibition was a mistake, with negative effects on the country. He became active in the successful effort for repeal of prohibition in 1933.

[Lincoln Republican]

1912 Continued

Eugene V Debs IN Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1900

Emil Seidel WI Socialist Party of America

Patternmaker

1886 At the age of 22, went abroad to refine his skills as a woodcarver. Lived for six years in Berlin working at his trade during the day and attending school at night. It was in this period he became an active socialist. Upon his return to Milwaukee, 1892, joined the Pattern Makers Union.

1892 After return to U.S. joined the Socialist Labor Party of America. He was a charter member of the first SLP branch in Milwaukee

Later joined the Social Democracy of America (established 1897), the Social Democratic Party of America (established 1898), and the Socialist Party of America (established 1901) in turn

1904 Was one of nine Socialists to win electoral victory as Milwaukee WI city aldermen. Served two terms in that position before being elected as an Alderman-at-Large in 1909.

1910-1912 Mayor of Milwaukee WI, becoming the first Socialist mayor of a major U.S. city

1912 Milwaukee WI Mayoral election, Democratic and Republican parties joined forces to defeat Seidel

1912 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Eugene V Debs, lost

Most of his remaining political involvement was in local Milwaukee politics

1916-1920 Alderman Milwaukee WI

1932-1936 Alderman Milwaukee WI

1932 Socialist Party of America candidate for U.S. Senate WI, Lost

Eugene W Chafin IL Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1908

Aaron S Watkins OH Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1908

Arthur E Reimer MA Socialist Labor Party of America

Worked as a ladies' tailor in his younger years

Attended Northeastern University, Boston, earned a law degree 1912

1898 Joined the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP)

1905 Was among those SLP members who joined the new Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Exited that organization along with his party comrades in 1908

1908 Helped to establish a rival organization, the Workers International Industrial Union (WIIU) as a result of disagreement between the IWW majority and the SLP group over matters of strategy and tactics

1912 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson

1913 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor MA, lost

1914 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor MA, lost

1914 Named the representative of the Socialist Labor Party to the International Socialist Bureau at the meeting of the Second International in Vienna, Austria

1916 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson

August Gillhaus NY Socialist Labor Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1908

[Lincoln Republican]

1916

Woodrow Wilson NJ Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1912

Thomas R Marshall IN Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1912

Charles Evans Hughes NY Republican

=====
Father of Charles Evans Hughes Jr, Secretary to New York Judge, and future Supreme Court of the United States Justice, Benjamin N Cardozo 1914-1916, U.S. Solicitor General 1929-1930
=====

At age 14, enrolled at Madison University, now Colgate University, Hamilton Village, NY

Transferred to Brown University, Providence, RI. Graduated third in his class at age 19.

Read law and entered Columbia Law School, New York City, NY, in 1882, where he graduated in 1884 with highest honors

While studying law, taught at Delaware Academy, Delhi, NY

1888-1891 Senior Partner in law firm

1891-1893 Law Professor Cornell University Law School

1893-1906 Senior Partner in law firm

1893-1895 Special lecturer Cornell University Law School  

1893-1900 Special lecturer New York University Law School

At that time, in addition to practicing law, Hughes taught at New York Law School with Woodrow Wilson, who would later defeat him for the Presidency, in 1916

1905 Appointed as counsel to the New York state legislative "Stevens Gas Commission", a committee investigating utility rates. His uncovering of corruption led to lower gas rates in New York City.
 
1906 Appointed to "Armstrong Insurance Commission" to investigate the insurance industry in New York as a special assistant to U.S. Attorney General

Jan 1 1907-Oct 6 1910 Governor NY, elected 1906 reelected 1908

1908 Offered Republican Vice Presidential nomination by William Howard Taft, but declined it to run again for Governor NY. Theodore Roosevelt became an important supporter of Hughes.

1909 Led an effort to incorporate Delta Upsilon fraternity. This was the first fraternity to incorporate, and he served as its first international president.

Apr 25, 1910 Appointed by President William Howard Taft to a seat as Associate Justice on U.S. Supreme Court, confirmed by U.S. Senate May 2, 1910, and received his commission the same day

Oct 10 1910-Jun 10 1916 Associate Justice U.S. Supreme Court

Jun 10 1916 Resigned from the U.S. Supreme Court to become the Republican Party candidate for President U.S. in 1916 Presidential election. He was also endorsed by the Progressive Party thanks to the support given to him from former President Theodore Roosevelt. Other Republican figures such as former President William Howard Taft endorsed Hughes.  

1916 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson in a close election

Mar 5 1921-Mar 4 1925 U.S. Secretary of State under Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge

1926 Appointed by New York Governor Alfred E Smith to be the chairman of a State Reorganization Commission through which Smith's plan to place the Governor as the head of a rationalized state government, was accomplished, bringing to realization what Hughes himself had envisioned

Various Appointments

1907 Became the first President of the newly formed Northern Baptist Convention

Also served as President of the New York State Bar Association

After leaving the State Department, he again rejoined his old partners at the Hughes firm, which included his son and future United States Solicitor General Charles E Hughes, Jr, and was one of the nation's most sought after advocates. From 1925 to 1930, for example, Hughes argued over 50 times before the U.S. Supreme Court.

1925–1926 Represented the API (American Petroleum Institute) before the FOCB (Federal Oil Conservation Board)

1926-1930 Served as a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and as a judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague, Netherlands

1927 One of the co-founders of the National Conference on Christians and Jews, now known as the National Conference for Community and Justice (NCCJ), along with S. Parkes Cadman and others, to oppose the Ku Klux Klan, anti-Catholicism, and anti-Semitism in the 1920s and 1930s

1928-1930 A delegate to the Pan American Conference on Arbitration and Conciliation

1928 Conservative business interests tried to interest Hughes in the Republican Presidential nomination instead of Herbert Hoover. Hughes, citing his age, turned down the offer.

Feb 3 1930 Appointed Chief Justice of the United States by President Herbert Hoover, confirmed by the United States Senate Feb 13, 1930, and received commission the same day, serving in this capacity until Jun 30 1941. Hughes replaced former President William Howard Taft, a fellow Republican who had also lost a Presidential election to Woodrow Wilson, in 1912, and who, in 1910, had appointed Hughes to his first tenure on the Supreme Court.

Feb 13 1930-Jun 30 1941 Chief Justice of the United States

Administered the oath of office three times to Franklin D Roosevelt as the 32nd President of the United States

First inauguration Mar 4 1933

It was the last inauguration to be held on the prescribed date of March 4. Under the terms of the Twentieth Amendment, all subsequent inaugurations have taken place on Jan 20.

Second inauguration Jan 20 1937

Third inauguration Jan 20 1941  

Charles W Fairbanks IN Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1904

[Lincoln Republican]

1916 Continued

Allan L Benson  NY Socialist Party of America, Social Democratic League of America

Took the state examination to become a school teacher and passed, earning a certificate to teach in a district school

Newspaper Editor

During his tenure as a newspaper editor, read an encyclopedia article on the topic of socialism written by an English Fabian and was thereby won over to the socialist movement. Joined the staff of the Appeal to Reason, a mass circulation socialist weekly published in Girard, Kansas and his editorials for that publication made him into a nationally recognized figure among radical American political activists.

Championed a proposal to ban American entry from World War I unless participation was first approved by a national referendum of the American people  

This extreme position on American entry into the European war found a receptive audience among Socialist Party's rank and file

1916 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson

1918 Broke with Socialist Party of America and joined their political rival, the Social Democratic League of America

Following his switch of organizational affiliation, hired as a staff writer for The New Appeal, which had evolved into the semi-official organ of the Social Democratic League

1919-1921 Publisher of a new monthly magazine called Reconstruction, subtitled "A Herald of the New Time"

George Ross Kirkpatrick NJ Socialist Party of America

Attended Allegheny College Preparatory School before enrolling in Ohio Wesleyan University

Received Bachelor's degree from Albion College and did graduate coursework at Vanderbilt University and the University of Chicago

Upon graduation, worked as a teacher at Kansas Methodist College and Ripon College for 4 years before moving to the Socialist Party-affiliated Rand School of Social Science in New York City

1903 Joined Socialist Party of America

For nearly 20 years thereafter traveled across America as a lecturer for the party, speaking to general audiences on the topic of militarism and other political and economic questions

1916 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Allan L Benson, lost

1924 In Chicago on the payroll of the Socialist Party as the manager of its "Department of Literature." In that capacity he prepared several propaganda leaflets which were distributed in quantity by the party during the 1924 campaign season.

Organization Director Socialist Party of America

Nov 1925-May 1926 Acting Executive Secretary Socialist Party of America

1928 Socialist Party of America candidate U.S. Senate IL, lost

1932 and 1934 Socialist Party of America candidate U.S. Senate CA, losing both times

Frank Hanley IN Republican, Prohibition Party, Progressive Party

At age sixteen left home to attend the common schools and the Eastern Illinois Normal School at Danville, Vermilion County, Illinois, until 1879. He worked odd jobs to pay for his schooling. That year he graduated and moved to Warren County, Indiana where he taught in the state public schools from 1881 to 1889.

1890-1891 IN State Senate, Republican

Mar 4 1895-Mar 3 1897 U.S. House of Representatives IN, Republican

His district was realigned by the Democratic controlled Indiana General Assembly, who created a gerrymander of his district

1896 Lost bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives IN

1899 launched a campaign for Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in 1899, but was defeated in Republican legislature

After losing the nomination, briefly retired from politics. Went on a speaking tour around the state to build up support for another run for office

1904 Reentered politics and won Republican nomination for Governor IN

Jan 9 1905-Jan 11 1909 Governor IN, Republican

1910-1920 A prohibition lecturer throughout the United States and in France in 1919

Organized the Flying Squadron of America (sometimes called Hanly's Flying Squadron), a temperance organization which advocated prohibition nationally and played an important role in raising awareness about the effects of alcohol in a nationwide campaign to  promote temperance and in arousing public support for prohibition.

1909 Left Republican Party to join the new Prohibition Party

1915 Nominated as Prohibition Party candidate for Governor IN but he declined and instead became the Progressive Party's candidate

1915 Progressive Party candidate for Governor IN, lost

1916 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Woodrow Wilson

Ira Landrith TN Prohibition Party

Presbyterian minister

1904-1912 President, Belmont College, Nashville

1913-1915 President, Ward-Belmont College

1916 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Frank Hanley, lost

1920-1927 President, Intercollegiate Prohibition Association

1928-1931 President, National Temperance Council

Member Anti-Saloon League

Arthur E Reimer MA Socialist Labor Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1912

Caleb Harrison IL Socialist Labor Party of America

1916 Jailed in Homestead, Pennsylvania for making a radical speech

1916 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Arthur E Reimer, lost
 
Theodore Roosevelt nominated as Progressive Party candidate for President U.S., withdrew from election. See 1904

John M Parker LA Democratic, Progressive, Democratic, nominated by Progressive Party for Vice President U.S. on the ticket with Theodore Roosevelt

Parker was educated at the historic prep school Chamberlain-Hunt Academy in Port Gibson, Mississippi, Belle View Academy, and Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York 

Became a prominent businessman

President of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange

President of the New Orleans Board of Trade

Became an outspoken opponent of the Louisiana Lottery and the New Orleans political machine

1910 became the leader of the Good Government League

Served as Louisiana Food Administrator

1916 Parker ran for Governor of Louisiana as the nominee of Roosevelt's 1912 Progressive Party, lost

1916 Parker, a friend and admirer of Theodore Roosevelt, was nominated by the Progressive Party for Vice President U.S. on the ticket with Theodore Roosevelt, but Roosevelt returned to the Republican Party, endorsed Republican Presidential nominee Charles Evans Hughes for President U.S., and the Progressive Party did not contest the 1916 Presidential election

Parker remained the Vice Presidential nominee of the Progressive Party, and endorsed President Woodrow Wilson for the Presidency

Roosevelt selected Parker as one of eighteen officers to raise a volunteer infantry division, Roosevelt's World War I volunteers, for service in France in 1917. The U.S. Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions, however, as Commander-in-chief, President Woodrow Wilson refused to make use of the volunteers and the unit disbanded.

1920 Parker returned to the Democratic Party, considered an essential move to win a Louisiana election at the time, and was elected Governor of Louisiana

May 11 1920 – May 13 1924 Governor of Louisiana

Became a leading figure in the Anti-Long Constitutional League

[Lincoln Republican]

1920

Warren G Harding OH Republican

1882 Graduated from Ohio Central College in Iberia with a Bachelor of Science Degree

Became an accomplished public speaker in college

Upon graduating, had stints as a teacher and as an insurance man, and made a brief attempt at studying law. He then purchased, with others, a failing newspaper, The Marion Star, weakest of the growing city's three papers, and its only daily, and made a success of it.

1884 Attended the Republican National Convention and supported the Presidential candidacy of James G Blaine who would go on to lose to Grover Cleveland in the Presidential election

Candidate for Marion County OH Auditor's office, lost

Jan 1 1900-Jan 4 1904 OH State Senate

Republican Floor Leader in second term in OH State Senate

1903 Announced campaign for Governor OH, withdrew shortly afterwards

Jan 11 1904-Jan 8 1906 Lieutenant Governor OH

1906 Again announced campaign for Governor OH, again withdrew from contention

1908 Republican candidate for Governor OH, lost

1912 Delivered nominating speech for incumbent President William Howard Taft, who would later serve as Chief Justice of the United States during Harding's administration and who was nominated for Chief Justice by Harding

Mar 4 1915-Jan 13 1921 U.S. Senate OH, becoming Ohio's first Senator elected by popular vote

1918 When Theodore Roosevelt was entertaining plans, later abandoned, to reprise his Presidency, he considered Harding had strong potential to run and serve as Vice President, and discussed with Harry Daugherty, political ally and advisor to Harding, the desirability of having Harding on his ticket

1920 The GOP bosses were determined to have a dependable listener as the Republican Presidential nominee. Some in the party began to scout for such an alternative, and Harding's name arose, despite his reluctance, due to his unique ability to draw vital Ohio votes. Harry Daugherty, who became Harding's campaign manager, and who was sure none of the declared candidates could garner a majority, convinced Harding to run after a marathon discussion of six-plus hours.

Harding was selected by party bosses as the compromise candidate in a meeting that took place in what came to be known as the "smoke filled room". Harding was nominated at the Republican convention as the candidate for President U.S. on the tenth ballot.

The local Masons could not resist the opportunity to co-opt Harding's new status, and promoted him to the Sublime Degree of a Master Mason

Harding's supporters thought of him as the next McKinley

1920 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

Mar 4 1921-Aug 2 1923 29th President U.S., died in office

June 1923, President Harding set out on a westward cross country "Voyage of Understanding", in which he planned to renew his connection with the people, away from the capital, and explain his policies. Became the first U.S. President to visit Alaska. Died in San Francisco CA Aug 2 1923 while on the tour.  

First Lady of the United States Florence Harding 1921-1923

Began studies at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music but dropped out at age 19.

On becoming First Lady, immediately took an active role in national politics, at times even appearing to dominate the President. She had a strong influence on the selection of cabinet members.

Became known for her opposition to smoking and was an outward proponent of maintaining Prohibition as respect for the law.

Made her views known on everything from the League of Nations to animal rights, racism, and women's rights. She had strong concern for immigrant children trapped by bureaucracy.

Was willing to risk criticism when she championed social issues.

Sought to make herself available to the press.

Had a hand in selecting minor public officials, particularly postmasters.

Calvin Coolidge MA Republican candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1924

James M Cox OH Democratic

1886 After two years of high school passed teacher’s examination and at the age of 16 years, began teaching school

Commenced newspaper career as reporter on Middletown, Ohio, Signal and in 1892 went to work on the Cincinnati Enquirer. Became owner and publisher of the Dayton Daily News in 1898, of the Springfield Daily News in 1903, of the Miami, Florida, News in 1923, of the Atlanta, Georgia, Journal in 1939, of the Dayton Journal and Herald in 1949, and of the Atlanta, Georgia, Constitution in 1950.

1894-1897 Secretary to Democratic Congressman Paul J Sorg OH

Mar 4 1909-Jan 12 1913 U.S. House of Representatives OH, resigning after winning election as Governor OH

Jan 13 1913–Jan 11 1915 Governor OH

1914 Defeated for reelection as Governor OH

1916 Reelected Governor OH

Jan 8 1917-Jan 10 1921 Governor OH

1920 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding

Built a large newspaper enterprise, Cox Enterprises

1932, 1936, 1940, 1944 Supported and campaigned for the Presidential candidacies of his former running mate Franklin D Roosevelt. Roosevelt was the 1920 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Cox.

1933 Appointed by President Franklin D Roosevelt as Vice Chairman of U.S. delegation to the failed London Economic Conference and as President of its monetary commission

1946 Declined appointment to U.S. Senate OH by Democratic Governor Frank Lausche

Franklin D Roosevelt NY Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1932.

[Napoleon]

Death to winfields haters! Great thread.

[Lincoln Republican]

1920 Continued

Eugene V Debs IN Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1900

Seymour Stedman IL Democratic, People's Party, Social Democracy of America, Socialist Party of America

In 1889 Stedman decided that he wanted to be a lawyer. He approached the dean of the Northwestern University School of Law and told him of his desires, admitting that he had had only three years of formal education. After grilling the youth for an hour to determine Stedman's level of reading capability and intelligence, the dean relented and admitted Stedman to the university. Stedman continued to work as a janitor during the day and attended university lectures in the evening. Stedman was ultimately admitted to the Illinois State Bar Association in 1891.

1890 Became a public orator on behalf of the Democratic Party

1894 Left Democratic Party in protest over the actions of Democratic President Grover Cleveland in the great railway strike

Briefly a member of the People's Party as a radical populist

1896 Elected to the 1896 National Convention of the People's Party where he attempted to start a movement among the delegates to draft Eugene Debs as the nominee of the People's Party for President U.S.  Debs stated he had no desire to run for President and the bid was over.

1896 Stedman was then free to support William Jennings Bryan for President

1897 Attended Social Democracy of America convention.  He and others bolted the convention over a policy issue.  Stedman and others, including Eugene Debs, established a new political organization of their own, the Social Democratic Party of America (SDP)

From 1898 was a member of the governing National Executive Committee of the SDP
  
1901 SDP merged with a similarly-named Eastern organization to form the Socialist Party of America (SPA) Stedman became a founding member

1908 Name was offered for nomination for Vice President of the United States at the SPA's 1908 Convention, lost race for nomination

1913 SPA candidate for Mayor of Chicago

During World War I, was a prominent defender of war opponents indicted for sedition

1920 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Eugene Debs, lost

During the popular front period of the late 1930s, was briefly a member of the Communist Party of America

Parley P Christensen UT, IL, CA Republican, Farmer-Labor Party

1890 Graduated from the University of Utah Normal School

Teacher and principal in Murray, UT and Grantsville, UT

1892-1895 School superintendent in Toole County, UT

Earned a bachelor of laws degree from Cornell University law school in New York, and returned to practice law in Salt Lake City, UT

Late 1890s City Attorney of Grantsville, UT where he became active in Republican politics

1895-1900 Secretary of the UT State Constitutional Convention

1900 Elected Salt Lake County, UT Attorney

1900-1904 Was a Republican state officer, including party chairman

1902 Defeated for renomination as County Attorney

1904 Elected again as Salt Lake County, UT Attorney

1906, 1908, 1910 Unsuccessfully sought Republican nomination for U.S. House of Representatives UT

1910-1912 UT State House of Representatives

1912 Joined Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party

1912 Progressive Party candidate for UT State House of Representatives, lost

1914-1916 UT State House of Representatives as a Progressive

Between 1915 and 1920 Christensen became increasingly involved with various left-wing and labor groups in Utah

1919 Helped organize Utah Labor Party

President of the Popular Government League, organized in 1916, which argued for adopting the initiative and referendum in Utah

June 1920 was a delegate to the Chicago joint conventions of the Labor Party of the United States and the progressive Committee of Forty-Eight, whose leaders hoped to merge and to nominate a Presidential ticket. The Farmer-Labor Party was the result, with Christensen chosen as Presidential nominee
 
1920 Chairman IL Progressive Party

1920 Farmer-Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding

After 1920 traveled in Europe and Russia, and met with Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, he wrote that he was impressed by Lenin's approachability and his command of the English language

1926 Progressive Party candidate U.S. Senate, IL, lost

Early 1930s Moved to California, where he joined with the End Poverty in California crusade, with the Utopian Society and with other leftist groups in the state

1935-1937 Los Angeles, CA City Council, had endorsement of the End Poverty in California movement

1937 Did not run for reelection to Los Angeles, CA City Council

1939-1949 Los Angeles, CA City Council

Max S Hayes OH People's Party, Farmer-Labor Party  

Largely self-educated, only attending school through the 4th grade

Worked on the staff of the Cleveland Press from 1881 to 1890

1890 Became founder and editor of a labor newspaper of a decidedly Socialist bent, The Cleveland Citizen. This paper was named the official organ of the Cleveland Central Labor Union in 1892.

Remained active as editor of this weekly publication until 1939

1890-1896 Member People's Party

1896 Joined Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) serving as the Secretary of Section Cleveland SLP

1899 Left SLP

1900 Nominated for Vice President of the United States by the Hillquit faction in 1900, but withdrew in favor of the candidacy of Job Harriman in a unity ticket that brought together the former-SLP dissidents with the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party of America of Eugene V. Debs and Victor L. Berger

1900 Social Democratic Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives OH, lost

Hayes was one of five members of the "Springfield SDP," joining a like number from the Chicago organization, named to a special committee in charge of preparations for the August 1901 Joint Unity Convention from which the Socialist Party of America was born

1902 Socialists' candidate for OH Secretary of State, lost

1912 At the AF of L's 1912 annual convention Hayes became the last socialist to challenge Gompers for the Presidency of the Federation. This was the first time since the organization's 1903 conclave that Gompers had been met by an opponent in his bid for re-election as head of the AF of L, lost

1919 resigned from Socialist Party, joined Farmer-Labor Party

1920 Farmer-Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Parley P Christensen, lost

1922-1924 Active in the Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA)

During the Great Depression served as a member of the Ohio State Adjustment Board of the National Recovery Administration, remaining in this capacity until termination of the National Recovery Administration in 1935

He was also a charter member of the Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority, organized in 1933. He remained with the Metropolitan Housing Authority until 1937.

[Enderman]

how about candidates for 2016 by using Wikipedia's list? That'd be interesting

[Lincoln Republican]

1920 Continued

Aaron S Watkins IN Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1908

D Leigh Colvin NY Prohibition Party

American politician and member of the Prohibition Party and the Law Preservation Party

Attended American Temperance University and Ohio Wesleyan University before going on to study law at the University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, and Columbia University

1916 and 1932 Candidate for U.S. Senate NY, lost

1917 Candidate for Mayor New York City, NY, lost

1920 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Aaron S Watkins, lost

1922 Candidate U.S. House of Representatives NY, lost

1926-1932 Chairman Prohibition National Committee

1932 Candidate for U.S. Senate NY, lost

1936 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

James E Ferguson TX Anti-Prohibitionist Democrat, Democratic, American Party

Studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar

1903  Attorney in Belton and established Farmers State Bank. 1906 sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank

1903 Became City Attorney Belton, TX

Managed several local political campaigns

1903 Established Farmers State Bank, sold Farmers State Bank and established Temple State Bank

Managed several local political campaigns

Jan 19 1915-Aug 25 1917 Governor TX, ran as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat

1916 Reelected Governor TX

1917 Impeached before taking office for a second term as Governor

1918 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for Governor TX in Democratic primary, lost

1920 American Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding.  Was on ballot only in Texas.

1922 Failed in bid for U.S. Senate in 1922, having lost Democratic runoff election

1924 Entered his wife Miriam in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. She won, and with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming, became one of the first two women elected Governors in the United States, both having followed husbands who had served earlier.

1925-1927 Miriam Ferguson, his wife, Governor TX, James Ferguson First Gentleman TX

1933-1935 Miriam Ferguson, his wife, Governor TX, James Ferguson First Gentleman TX

Williamm J Hough NY American Party

1920 American Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with James E Ferguson, lost

William Wesley Cox MO Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1904

August Gillhaus NY Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1912

Robert Colvin Macauley MA Single Tax Party

News Reporter  

Worked as a clothing cutter

President Independent Clothing Cutters Association
 
1908-1920 Reporter for the Philadelphia Inquirer  

1915 Became active with the Single Tax Party when it was formed
  
1916 Candidate for U.S. Senate PA Single Tax Party, lost

1918 Candidate for Governor PA Single Tax Party, lost
 
1919-1920 National Chairman Single Tax Party

1920 Single Tax Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding
 
1924 Secretary Commonwealth Land Party after the Single Tax Party was renamed  

1926 Candidate for U.S. Senate PA Single Tax Party, lost

Manager, Winslow Taylor & Co., stockbrokers

Richard C Barnum OH Single Tax Party

1920 Single Tax Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Robert Colvin Macauley, lost

1920 The Year Of Six Presidents

In a book by David Pietrusza, the 1920 Presidential election has been called The Year Of Six Presidents

Former President Theodore Roosevelt was thought to be the front runner for the Republican Presidential nomination for 1920 but he died in 1919

President Woodrow Wilson wanted another term as President but the Democrats would not nominate him again in 1920

Republican Warren G Harding was elected President in 1920

Vice President Calvin Coolidge, who was the Republican nominee for Vice President in 1920, would assume the Presidency when President Harding died in 1923

Future President Herbert Hoover wanted the Republican Presidential nomination in 1920 but lost to Warren G Harding. Hoover would go on to be elected President in 1928.

Future President Franklin D Roosevelt was the Democratic Vice Presidential candidate in 1920. He would go on to be elected President in 1932.
  

[politicus]

Death to winfields haters! Great thread.

Thanks Napoleon.  Much appreciated.

I have put a great deal of time and effort into this thread, and I hope some have found it interesting, informative, and worthwhile.

There is a bit more to come in this thread, something related but different, when I can get around to doing it.

I like to think I have no haters, only misinformed, misguided, and misunderstanding detractors. 

I don't mind the thread just the decision to sticky it.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

Death to winfields haters! Great thread.

Thanks Napoleon.  Much appreciated.

I have put a great deal of time and effort into this thread, and I hope some have found it interesting, informative, and worthwhile.

There is a bit more to come in this thread, something related but different, when I can get around to doing it.

I like to think I have no haters, only misinformed, misguided, and misunderstanding detractors. 

I don't mind the thread just the decision to sticky it.

Why?  This seems like the perfect sort of thread to sticky.  Useful information on a particular topic that will be of occasional interest to people but which will not get many new posts once the data is compiled.  If we had more such threads, I'd sticky an metathread containing links to the individual threads instead, but we don't have them at the moment.

[BaconBacon96]

It appears you have forgotten that George HW Bush was Director of the CIA 1976-1977.

[Lincoln Republican]

1924

Calvin Coolidge MA Republican

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Prominent Coolidges, related to Calvin Coolidge

Descendant of Mayflower passengers John Alden and Priscilla (Mullins) Alden, William Mullins and Edward Doty

-Archibald Cary Coolidge, held posts as secretary to the American legation in Saint Petersburg, Russia 1890–1891, as private secretary to the American minister in France 1892, and as secretary to the American legation in Vienna 1893

-At the end of World War I, more important assignments followed. Coolidge joined the Inquiry study group established by Woodrow Wilson. The U.S. State Department sent him in 1918 to Russia to report on the situation there. In 1919, he was made the head of the so-called Coolidge Mission, which was appointed by the American Delegation on 27 December and set up headquarters in Vienna. Secretary of State Robert Lansing informed Coolidge in a telegram dated 26 December 1918, that "You are hereby assigned to the American Commission to observe political conditions in Austria-Hungary and neighboring countries." Coolidge and his group in Vienna analyzed the state of affairs on Central Europe and the Balkans and made recommendations for the benefit of the U.S. participants at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919.

-1921 Coolidge worked as a negotiator for the American Relief Administration and helped organize the humanitarian aid to Russia after the famine of 1921. Coolidge also was one of the founders of the Council on Foreign Relations, which grew out of the Inquiry study group, and served as the first editor of its publication Foreign Affairs from 1922 until his death in 1928.

-Was a member of the Monticello Association and its president 1919-1925

Marcus A Coolidge, U.S. Senate MA 1931-1937, Democrat

Arthur W Coolidge, a member of Massachusetts State House of Representatives 1937- 1940, Massachusetts State Senate 1941–1946, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts 1947-1949, unsuccessful Republican nominee for Governor of Massachusetts 1950

Coolidge's grandmother, Sarah Almeda Brewer, had two famous first cousins, Arthur Brown, U.S. Senator from Utah 1896-1897, Republican, and Olympia Brown, a women's suffragist. It is through Sarah Brewer that Coolidge indeterminably believed that he inherited American Indian ancestry.

Grandson of Calvin Galusha Coolidge, served in local government as a justice of the peace, constable, and selectman, served in Vermont State House of Representatives 1860-1861

Son of John Calvin Coolidge Sr, Vermont State House of Representatives 1872-1878, Vermont State Senate 1910, appointed to military staff of Governor of Vermont, given title of Colonel, served in local offices including notary public, justice of the peace, tax collector
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Born July 4, 1872, the only U.S. President to be born on Independence Day

1895 Graduated from Amherst College, Amherst, MA, with a law degree

Distinguished himself in the debating class

While at Amherst College, was profoundly influenced by philosophy professor Charles E. Garman, a Congregational mystic, with a neo-Hegelian philosophy

1896 Campaigned locally for Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley, who won

Apprenticed at a law firm in Northampton, MA  

1897 Admitted to MA bar, opening his own law office in 1898
  
1897 Selected to be a member of the Republican City Committee

1898 Won election to City Council Northampton, MA

1899 Declined renomination for City Council Northampton, MA

1899 Elected City Solicitor, Northampton MA, a position elected by City Council

1901 Reelected City Solicitor Northampton, MA

1902 Chosen Clerk of Courts for Hampshire county, MA
 
1904 Candidate for Northampton School Board, lost, the only election he ever lost

1906 The local Republican committee nominated Coolidge for election to MA State House of Representatives, won

1907-1908 MA State House of Representatives

1910-1912 Mayor of Northampton, MA

1912-1915 MA State Senate  

1914-1915 President MA State Senate

1914 Towards the end of the term, many of Coolidge's associates were proposing his name for nomination to Lieutenant Governor MA

1915 As State Senate session ended, Coolidge's supporters encouraged him again to run for Lieutenant Governor MA. This time, he accepted their advice.

Jan 6 1916-Jan 2 1919 Lieutenant Governor MA

Jan 2 1919-Jan 6 1921 Governor MA

1920 Amherst College, Wesleyan University, Bates College, Vermont University each awarded the honorary degree of LL.D to Coolidge

1920 Republican Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Warren G Harding, elected

Mar 4 1921-Aug 2 1923 29th Vice President U.S.

The Vice Presidency did not carry many official duties, but Coolidge was invited by President Harding to attend cabinet meetings, making him the first Vice President to do so

1921-1933 Trustee Amherst College

On August 2, 1923, President Harding died suddenly while on a speaking tour of the western United States. Vice President Coolidge was in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, visiting his family home, which had neither electricity nor a telephone, when he received word by messenger of Harding's death. He dressed, said a prayer, and came downstairs to greet the reporters who had assembled. His father, John Calvin Coolidge Sr, a notary public, administered the Presidential oath of office in the family's parlor by the light of a kerosene lamp at 2:47 am on August 3, 1923. President Coolidge then went back to bed. He returned to Washington DC the next day, and was sworn in again as President U.S. by Justice Adolph A Hoehling Jr of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, to forestall the questionable authority of a notary public to administer the Presidential oath.

Aug 2 1923-Mar 4 1929 30th President U.S.

Became President upon death of President Harding Aug 2 1923

1924 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected, winning a full term as President U.S.

In the summer of 1927, Coolidge vacationed in the Black Hills of South Dakota, where he  surprisingly issued the famous statement that he would not seek a second full term as President: "I do not choose to run for President in 1928."

Post Presidency

Served as chairman of the non-partisan Railroad Commission, as honorary president of the American Foundation for the Blind, as a director of New York Life Insurance Company, as president of the American Antiquarian Society, and as a trustee of Amherst College. Received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine.

Faced with looming defeat in the 1932 Presidential election, some Republicans spoke of rejecting Herbert Hoover as their party's nominee, and instead drafting Coolidge to run, but the former President made it clear that he was not interested in running again, and that he would publicly repudiate any effort to draft him, should it come about. Hoover was renominated, and Coolidge made several radio addresses in support of him.

Second Lady of the United States Grace Coolidge 1921-1923

First Lady of the United States Grace Coolidge 1923-1929

Enrolled 1898 at University of Vermont. She would become the first First Lady to have earned a four-year undergraduate degree.

From 1902 to 1904, inspired by a childhood friend who had pursued a career teaching deaf children, she studied lip reading at Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech and became a teacher there. The education of deaf children remained her lifelong passion.

After her husband's death in 1933, continued her work with the deaf and wrote for several magazines. She served on the boards of Mercersburg Academy and the Clarke School. After the start of World War II, Grace joined a local Northampton committee dedicated to helping Jewish refugees from Europe, and loaned her house to WAVES.