Public Offices held by Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates

[Mister Mets]

This is an impressive resource, man.

[Lincoln Republican]

1924 Continued

Charles G Dawes IL Republican

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Descendant of Mayflower passengers William and Mary Brewster

In 1628 the first William Dawes had been among the Puritans who came to America

William Dawes Jr had ridden with Paul Revere on Apr 18 1775 to warn the Massachusetts colonists of the British advance which signalized the opening of the American Revolution

Son of Rufus R Dawes Brevet Brigadier General in Union Army during American Civil War, was noted for his service in famed Iron Brigade, particularly during Battle of Gettysburg, U.S. House of Representatives OH 1881-1883

Brother of Rufus C Dawes Businessman in oil and banking, in 1920s served as an expert on the commissions to prepare Dawes Plan and Young Plan to manage German reparations to Allies after World War I

Brother of Beman G Dawes U.S. House of Representatives OH 1905-1909

Brother of Henry M Dawes Businessman, banker, United States Comptroller of the Currency 1923-1924
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1884 Graduated from Marietta College with a bachelor's degree

1886 Graduated from University of Cincinnati Law School with a law degree

Returned to Marietta College to earn a master's degree

Admitted to the bar in Nebraska, and practiced law in Lincoln, NE 1887-1894

1894 Acquired interests in a number of Midwestern gas plants, and became President of both La Crosse Gas Light Company in La Crosse, WI and the Northwestern Gas Light and Coke Company in Evanston, IL

Dawes' prominent positions in business caught the attention of Republican party leaders

1896 Managed successful Illinois portion of William McKinley's winning campaign for President U.S.

Jan 1 1898-Sep 30 1901 Comptroller of the Currency, U.S. Department of the Treasury under President McKinley

1901 Left Department of the Treasury in order to pursue a U.S. Senate seat from IL, lost.  McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt preferred Dawes's opponent.

1902 Following this unsuccessful attempt at legislative office, Dawes declared that he was done with politics

1902 Organized the Central Trust Company of Illinois, where he served as its president until 1921

1915 Joined the Illinois Society of the Sons of the American Revolution by right of his descent from William Dawes

1917-1918 World War I Served in United States Army, commissioned Major, Lieutenant Colonel, and Brigadier General of the Seventeenth Engineers. Served with the American Expeditionary Force as chief of supply procurement and was a member of the Liquidation Commission, U.S. War Department.

1919 Resigned from the Army

Jun 23 1921-Jun 30 1922 First Director U.S. Bureau of the Budget under President Harding

1923 Appointed to the Allied Reparations Commission by Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover

1924 At Republican National Convention, President Calvin Coolidge was quickly selected almost without opposition to be the Republican Presidential nominee. The Vice Presidential nomination was more contested. Illinois Governor Frank Lowden was nominated, but declined. Coolidge's next choice was Idaho Senator William Borah, but he also declined the nomination. The Republican National Chairman, William Butler, pledged to nominate then Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover, but he was not sufficiently popular. Eventually, the delegates chose Dawes to be the Vice Presidential nominee. Coolidge quickly accepted the delegates' choice and felt that Dawes would be loyal to him and make a strong addition to his campaign.

1924 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Calvin Coolidge, won

Mar 4 1925-Mar 4 1929 30th Vice President U.S.

1925 For his work on the Dawes Plan, a program to enable Germany to restore and stabilize its economy, Dawes shared the Nobel Peace Prize. The plan was deemed unworkable and replaced with the Young Plan, which had harsher provisions against Germany.

1928 Republican Presidential nomination went to Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover. His supporters considered putting Dawes on the ticket for another term as Vice President. But President Coolidge made it known that he would consider Dawes' re-nomination to be a personal affront. The Senate Majority Leader, Senator Charles Curtis of Kansas, known for his skills in collaboration, was chosen.

Apr 16 1929-Dec 30 1931 U.S. Ambassador to United Kingdom

1930 Delegate to the London Naval Conference

1932 Accepted the chairmanship of the American delegation to the Disarmament Conference in Geneva but at the appeal of President Herbert Hoover to leave diplomatic office resigned to accept the chairmanship of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a governmental agency empowered to lend money to banks, railroads, and other businesses in an effort to prevent total economic collapse during the depression

For the 1932 election, President Herbert Hoover considered the possibility of adding Dawes to the ticket as the Vice Presidential candidate in place of Curtis, but Dawes declined the potential offer

1932-1951 Chairman of the board of the City National Bank and Trust Co. until his death

Second Lady of the United States Caro Dawes 1925-1929

While serving as Second Lady, Dawes disappointed the social elite of Washington, DC because she declined many social invitations. Nonetheless, it was observed that her "manner was sweet and gentle, her conversation cultured, and her dignity unimpeachable."

Frank O Lowden IL Republican

At age fifteen began to teach in a one room school house in Hubbard, Iowa for five years

1885 Graduated from University of Iowa, aspired to be a lawyer, but taught high school for a year while learning stenography

1887 Graduated from Union College of Law, taking night courses, completing the two year curriculum in one year, finishing as valedictorian

1899 Professor of law at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL

1900 Declined the first assistant postmaster-generalship offered him by President McKinley, whom he had supported

1900 Delegate to Republican National Convention
  
1904 Delegate to Republican National Convention

1904-1912 Member of Republican National Committee

1904 Member of the executive committee of Republican National Committee

Nov 6 1906-Mar 3 1911 U.S. House of Representatives IL

Declined to run for another term for U.S. House of Representatives IL

1908 Member of the executive committee of Republican National Committee

Jan 8 1917-Jan 10 1921 Governor IL

1920 Was a leading candidate for the Republican nomination for President U.S., but the delegates deadlocked over several ballots between Lowden and General Leonard Wood, resulting in party leaders meeting privately to determine a compromise candidate. Their choice, Warren G Harding, went on to win the nomination and the election.

1924 Was nominated for Vice President U.S. on the second ballot at the Republican National Convention, but declined the nomination, an action that, as of 2017, has never been repeated, and in the early 21st century is considered unthinkable

1928 Again positioned himself to run for the Republican nomination for President U.S. but was never much more than a minor threat to front runner Herbert Hoover, who went on to win the nomination and the election

1933 Appointed to be one of three receivers for the bankrupt Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Served in this capacity with co-receivers Joseph B Fleming and James E Gorman, who had been president of the railroad since 1917, until his death in 1943.

[Lincoln Republican]

1924 Continued

John W Davis WV Democratic

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Great Grandson of Tobias Martin, whose wife was a member of the Esdale family. The Esdales were members of the Religious Society of Friends, settled near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. They had reportedly helped provide for the Continental Army under George Washington which had camped there in the winter of 1777–1778.

Son of John J Davis, who was a delegate in the Virginia General Assembly, and after the northwestern portion of Virginia broke away from the rest of Virginia in 1863 and formed West Virginia, he was elected to the new state's House of Delegates and later to the U.S. House of Representatives

Cousin and adoptive father of Cyrus Vance, General Counsel for the Department of Defense 1961-1962, U.S. Secretary of the Army 1962-1964, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense 1964-1967, U.S. Secretary of State 1977-1980
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1892 Graduated Washington and Lee University with a major in Latin

Would have started law school directly after graduation, but he lacked funds. Instead, he became a school teacher for Major Edward H McDonald's children in Charles Town, West Virginia.

Nine months later returned home to Clarksburg and apprenticed at his father's law practice for fourteen months

1895 Graduated Washington and Lee University School of Law with a law degree and was elected Law Class Orator

Mar 4 1911-Aug 29 1913 U.S. House of Representatives WV

Aug 29 1913-Nov 21 1918 U.S. Solicitor General

Dec 18 1918-Mar 9 1921 U.S. Ambassador to United Kingdom

1920 A dark horse candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S., lost to James M Cox

A member of the National Advisory Council of the Crusaders, an influential organization that promoted the repeal of prohibition

1921 Founding President of the Council on Foreign Relations

Chairman of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

1922-1939 A trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation

1924 A dark horse candidate for Democratic nomination for President U.S.

1924 Won the nomination for Democratic Party for President U.S. as a compromise candidate on the one hundred and third ballot, lost Presidential election to Calvin Coolidge

It was the longest continuously running convention in United States political history

Although Tennessee’s Andrew Johnson served as President after Lincoln was assassinated, Davis’ nomination made him the first Presidential candidate from any slave state since the Civil War, and as of 2016 he remains the only ever candidate from West Virginia

1928 Delegate from NY to Democratic National Convention

1932 Delegate from NY to Democratic National Convention

One of the most prominent and successful lawyers in the U.S. in the first half of the 20th century
 
Had been a member of the American Bar Association, the Council on Foreign Relations, Freemasons, Phi Beta Kappa, and Phi Kappa Psi

Charles W Bryan NE Democratic

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Son of Silas Bryan, an avid Jacksonian Democrat, member Illinois State Senate 1852-1860,  defeated for re-election in 1860. Won election as a state circuit judge.

Younger brother of perennial U.S. Democratic Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, member U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska 1891-1895, unsuccessful Democratic and Populist (People's) nominee for President U.S. 1896, unsuccessful Democratic nominee for President U.S. 1900, unsuccessful Democratic nominee for President U.S. 1908, U.S. Secretary of State 1913-1915

Together, William Jennings Bryan and Charles W Bryan share the distinction of being the only set of brothers to be nominated for national office by a major party
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Attended both the University of Chicago and Illinois College in Jacksonville

Business manager and political secretary for his brother, William Jennings Bryan, until William's death in 1925

1901-1923 Publisher and associate editor of the "Commoner"

1915 Elected to Lincoln, NE City Commission

1915-1917 Mayor Lincoln, NE

1921 Elected to Lincoln, NE City Commission

Jan 3 1923-Jan 8 1925 Governor NE

1924 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S., picked largely because of his name, with John W Davis, lost

Charles W Bryan was put on the ticket as candidate for Vice President U.S. with John W Davis to keep the Bryanites in line

William Jennings Bryan was very close to his brother and endorsed him for the Vice Presidency

1926 Democratic Party candidate for Governor NE, lost

1928 Democratic Party candidate for Governor NE, lost

Jan 8 1931-Jan 3 1935 Governor NE

1935-1937 Mayor Lincoln, NE

1938 Democratic Party candidate for Governor NE, lost

Robert M La Follette WI Republican, Progressive

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Husband of Belle La Follette, nee Case.  They met while attending the University of Wisconsin, and married on December 31, 1881.  She became a leader in the feminist movement, an advocate of women's suffrage and an important influence on the development of La Follette's ideas.  After La Follette's death, his wife remained an influential figure and editor.

Father of Robert M La Follette Jr, succeeded his father as U.S. Senator Wisconsin 1925-1947,  where he led the Progressive caucus composed of Progressive, Farm-Labor, American Labor, and various Republican and Democratic Party congressional representatives

With his brother Philip, Robert La Follette Jr formed the Wisconsin Progressive Party in 1934, and for a time the party was dominant in Wisconsin. One of the Senate's leading isolationists, Robert La Follette Jr helped found the America First Committee in 1940.

Robert M La Follette Jr returned to the Republican Party in 1946, where he was defeated in the Republican U.S. Senate Wisconsin primary by Joseph McCarthy

Father of Philip La Follette, District Attorney Dane County Wisconsin 1925-1927, Governor Wisconsin 1931-1933, defeated in 1932 in Republican Party primary for Governor, Governor Wisconsin 1935-1939, defeated in 1938 bid for reelection Governor Wisconsin

1938 Philip La Follete attempted to launch the National Progressive Party of America in an attempt to create a national third party, as the La Follettes had helped create in Wisconsin, in anticipation of Franklin D Roosevelt not seeking a third term for President. The plan for a new National Progressive Party never materialized at the time, and Roosevelt soon decided to defy convention and precedent and seek a third term.  

Grandfather of Bronson La Follette, Democrat, Wisconsin Attorney General 1965-1969, unsuccessful Democratic candidate Governor Wisconsin 1968

Robert M La Follette's daughter, Flora "Fola," was married to playwright George Middleton.  Middleton was president of the Dramatists Guild of America 1927-1929.

Robert M La Follette's sister, Josephine, married Robert G Siebecker, Wisconsin state judge 1890-1903, Wisconsin Supreme Court 1903-1920, Chief Justice Wisconsin Supreme Court 1920-1922, died in office
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Taught school for tuition money for the University of Wisconsin Madison

At the school, was deeply influenced by University president John Bascom on issues of morality, ethics and social justice. Studied oratory and, during his senior year, won a major Midwestern oratorical competition. Graduated in 1879.

Attended law school briefly and passed the bar in 1880

1889 Elected District Attorney for Dane County, WI, serving two terms

Mar 4 1885-Mar 4 1891 U.S. House of Representatives WI

1890 Defeated in bid for reelection to U.S. House of Representatives WI

In the early 1890s began to believe that much of the Republican Party had abandoned the ideals of its anti-slavery origins and become a tool for corporate interests

Jan 7 1901-Jan 1 1906 Governor WI

Jan 2 1906-Jun 18 1925 U.S. Senate WI, died in office

The first item on the agenda for Wisconsin's 1905 legislature was to elect a U.S. Senator. La Follette nominated himself and was confirmed by the State Senate. He kept serving as Governor and left Wisconsin's U.S. Senate seat unfilled until January 1, 1906, when he resigned to join the U.S. Senate. He publicly proclaimed this unusual action was done to ensure that his 1904 platform was enacted in Wisconsin.

1911 Set up a campaign to mobilize the progressive elements in the Republican Party behind his Presidential bid

1912 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to President William Howard Taft

1912 Opposed both Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft in the Presidential election

1920 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Warren G Harding

1924 The Federated Farmer-Labor Party, FF-LP, sought to nominate La Follette as its candidate for President U.S. The FF-LP sought to unite all progressive parties into a single national Labor Party. However, after a bitter convention in 1923, the Communist-controlled Workers Party gained control of the national organization's structure. Just prior to its 1924 convention in St. Paul, La Follette denounced the Communists and refused to be considered for the FF-LP endorsement. With La Follette's snub, the FF-LP disintegrated, leaving only the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party.

Instead, La Follette formed an independent Progressive Party and accepted its nomination for President U.S. with Democratic Senator Burton K Wheeler of Montana as his running mate for Vice President U.S. The American Federation of Labor, the Socialist Party of America, the Conference for Progressive Political Action and most of the former supporters of the FF-LP along with various former "Bull Moose" Progressives and midwestern Progressive movement activists then joined La Follette and supported the Progressive Party.

1924 Progressive Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Calvin Coolidge, John W Davis  

La Follette has been called "arguably the most important and recognized leader of the opposition to the growing dominance of corporations over the Government" and is one of the key figures in Wisconsin's long history of political liberalism. In 1957, a Senate Committee selected La Follette as one of the five greatest U.S. Senators, along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C Calhoun, and Robert A Taft. A 1982 survey asking historians to rank the "ten greatest Senators in the nation's history" based on "accomplishments in office" and "long range impact on American history," placed La Follette first, tied with Henry Clay.

Burton K Wheeler MT Democratic, Progressive, Democratic

1905 Graduated University of Michigan Law School

1910-1912 Montana State House of Representatives

Appointed as a United States Attorney

1920 Ran for Governor of Montana as a candidate of the Non-Partisan League. The ticket included a multi-racial set of candidates, unusual for 1920, including an African American and a Blackfoot Indian. Wheeler was defeated.

Mar 4 1923-Jan 3 1947 U.S. Senate MT

1924 Progressive Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Robert M La Follette, lost

Returned to Democratic Party after 1924 election

1930 Wheeler gained national attention when he successfully campaigned for the reelection to the U.S. Senate of his friend and Democratic colleague Thomas Gore of Oklahoma
 
1932 Supported Franklin D Roosevelt's election, and many of his New Deal policies

1940 There was a large movement to "Draft Wheeler" into the Presidential race, possibly as a third party candidate, led primarily by John L Lewis, an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) 1920-1960, and president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) 1936-1940. The "Draft Wheeler" movement was unsuccessful.  

World War II Supported the anti-war America First Committee

1941 Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, did not oppose the United States' entry into World War II

1946 Sought renomination  to U.S. Senate MT, defeated in Democratic primary

[Lincoln Republican]

1924 Continued

Herman P Faris MO Prohibition

A committed proponent of the temperance movement

Served for many years as treasurer of the Prohibition National Committee

1896 Prohibition Party candidate for Governor MO, lost

1908 Prohibition Party candidate for Governor MO, lost

1924 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Calvin Coolidge

Marie C Brehm CA Prohibition

Suffragette

Beginning in 1891 was very active in promoting the temperance movement through her work for the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

1913 U.S. President Woodrow Wilson appointed her as a delegate to the World Anti-Alcohol Congress in Milan, Italy

Served as Superintendent of Franchise of the national WCTU and California State Superintendent of WCTU Institutes

Served as the first Vice President of the Woman’s Legislative Council of California

Was a member of the National Party

1924 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Herman P Faris, lost

The first legally qualified female candidate to run for Vice President U.S.

The nominee was initially Dr. A P Gouthey, with Brehm in second, and William F Varney in third. Gouthey withdrew and Brehm was nominated by acclamation

William Z Foster MA Communist Party USA

1901 Joined the Socialist Party of America and was a member in the party's Washington state affiliate until he left the party in the midst of a faction fight

1909 joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Became a prominent figure within the union, serving as its representative at an international labor conference in Budapest in 1911 and a contributor to its papers

Became a committed syndicalist after touring Europe in 1910 and 1911

Urged American leftists to enter the AFL unions, rather than establish rival unions

Denounced electoral politics as a dead end that smothered the revolutionary ardor of these groups by channeling their energies into pursuit of office, with all the compromises that entails. Foster lost the battle, however, and soon thereafter left the IWW and formed his own organization, the Syndicalist League of North America (SLNA).

The SLNA, however, was never an effective force and folded in 1914

Became a union business agent for a local of the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America in Chicago

Continued his syndicalist campaign, this time through the International Trade Union Educational League, while obtaining a position as a general organizer for the AFL in 1915

Foster had contacts with a number of members of the newly formed Communist Party, but had not joined it after its split from the Socialist Party of America in 1919
 
1921 Attended a conference of the Profintern, the Red International of Labor Unions, in Moscow

There he was appointed the Profintern's agent in the United States; the TUEL was later made an affiliate of the Profintern in 1923

Foster joined the CPUSA on his return to the United States

1923 and 1925 Was able to control the majority of the party's leadership

1924-1957 Chairman Communist Party USA

1924 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Calvin Coolidge

1928 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover

1932 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt  
  
1945-1957 Chairman National Committee Communist Party USA

Benjamin Gitlow NY Communist Party USA

1909 Joined the Socialist Party of America

1910 Elected a delegate to the New York state convention of the SPA
  
1918-1920 New York State Assembly, elected on the Socialist Party of America ticket

1919 Business Manager of Communist newspapers

1922 Was made a full time employee of the Communist Party of America. The governing Central Executive Committee named him as Industrial Organizer (party organizer in the unions) for a large area which stretched from New York City to Philadelphia and which encompassed the entire New England region.

1922 Elected as a delegate to the Communist Party's convention held at Bridgman, Michigan

From May 1923 until early 1924 Named the editor of the Workers' Party's Yiddish language daily, the Morgen Freiheit

1924 Workers Party of America (Communist) Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Z Foster, lost

1926 Workers Party of America (Communist) Party candidate for Governor NY, lost

1928 Workers Party of America (Communist) Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Z Foster, lost

Mar 16 1929 Named to the 3 man Secretariat at the helm of the Communist Party, assuming the post of Executive Secretary. His time at the top proved to be momentary, however, as on March 23 he boarded an ocean liner for Moscow as part of a 10-person delegation seeking to appeal the Comintern's decision to remove Jay Lovestone from the United States. The job of Executive Secretary was turned over to factional ally Robert Minor in the interim.

1929 Communist Parties around the world were purged of so-called "Right Oppositions" by the Communist International as the world Communist movement lurched towards the revolutionary left. Together with his factional co-thinker Jay Lovestone, Gitlow was expelled from the party as purported supporters of Nikolai Bukharin in the USSR in opposition to the hardline faction of Joseph Stalin. The expelled Communists followed Lovestone into a new organization, the so-called Communist Party (Majority Group), which actually included a small fraction of the membership of the regular Communist Party.

1929 Named a member of the governing National Council of the CP(MG).  At the 1st National Conference of the organization, held July 4–6, 1930 in New York City, elected Secretary of the Lovestone political organization, a role in which he continued at least through 1932.

In the fall of 1930, Gitlow was sent on a month-long tour of the United States on behalf of the Lovestoneites, taking him to Detroit, Chicago, and Superior, Wisconsin before returning to the east coast

Throughout the first 5 years of its existence the Lovestone organization continued to seek accommodation with the regular Communist Party. Gitlow's own views had gradually changed, however. In May 1933 he and Lazar Becker split from the Lovestoneites to found the Workers Communist League, which in turn merged with a group around B.J. Field to form the Organization Committee for a Revolutionary Workers Party the next year.

After briefly rejoining the Socialist Party in 1934, Gitlow became disillusioned with radicalism of all shades and emerged as an outspoken anti-communist. In 1939, he publicly rejected the Communist Party in testimony before the House Committee on Un-American Activities.

[Lincoln Republican]

1924 Continued

Frank T Johns OR Socialist Labor Party

Carpenter

1920 and 1922 Industrial Labor Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives OR. This organization was the name by which the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) was forced to appear on the Oregon ballot in those years due to state electoral laws.

1924 Socialist Labor Party (SLP) candidate for President U.S., lost to Calvin Coolidge.

At the time of his selection, Johns was the youngest person ever to be nominated by a political party to run for President, just 255 days over the constitutional requirement of 35 years.

1928 Socialist Labor Party (SLP) candidate for President U.S.

Died May 20 1928 before the election, and was replaced by Vice Presidential nominee Vern L Reynolds as the Presidential candidate

Verne L Reynolds NY Socialist Labor Party

1922 Labor Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives Maryland, lost

1923 Labor Party candidate for Governor Maryland, lost

1924 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Frank T Johns, lost

1928 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Frank T Johns, lost  

1928 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover. Reynolds was the replacement candidate for Presidential nominee Frank T Johns, who died May 20 1928

1932 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

Jeremiah D Crowley NY Socialist Labor Party

Jeremiah D Crowley was an American socialist activist from New York  

1928 Crowley was the replacement candidate for Vice President U.S. for Verne L Reynolds, the original candidate for Vice President U.S. 1928, who replaced original candidate for President U.S., Frank T Johns, who died May 20, 1928

Gilbert Owen Nations DC American Party

An American lawyer and judge who campaigned against Roman Catholicism in the United States

1924 American Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Calvin Coolidge

Charles Hiram Randall CA American Party

1909-1911 Member Los Angeles Park Commission

1911-1912 Member Los Angeles Planning Commission

1911-1912 Member California State Assembly

1914 Elected to U.S. House of Representatives CA as a member of the Prohibition Party

1916 Taking advantage of California election laws at the time, reelected as the nominee of the Prohibition, Democratic, Republican, and Progressive parties to U.S. House of Representatives CA

1918 Reelected to U.S. House of Representatives CA

1920 Reelected to U.S. House of Representatives CA

In total
Mar 4  1915-Mar 3 1921 U.S. House of Representatives CA

1922 Defeated for reelection U.S. House of Representatives CA as a candidate of the Prohibition, Socialist, Democratic parties

1924 Was for a time the candidate for Vice President U.S. on the Ku Klux Klan-sponsored American Party ticket with Gilbert Owen Nations. Withdrew in August 1924 in order to concentrate on a race for Congress

1924 Defeated for U.S. House of Reprsentatives on American and Prohibition Party tickets

1925-1933 Los Angeles City Council

1926 Defeated for reelection U.S. House of Representatives CA as a candidate of the Progressive Party

1928 Independent candidate U.S. Senate CA, lost

1931 Elected Council President, which is the President of the Los Angeles, CA City Council

1934 Defeated for reelection U.S. House of Representatives CA as a candidate of the Progressive Party

1940 Defeated for reelection U.S. House of Representatives CA as a candidate of the Prohibition and Progressive parties

[Lincoln Republican]

1928

Herbert Hoover CA Republican

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Father of Herbert Hoover Jr, Special envoy of President Eisenhower to mediate a settlement during the 1953-1954 oil dispute between Britain and Iran, Under Secretary of State for Middle Eastern affairs 1954-1957, owing to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles' frequent illnesses, Hoover Jr often served as Acting Secretary of State
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Attended Friends Pacific Academy, now George Fox University

1891-1895 Stanford University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in geology

Worked as chief engineer for the Chinese Bureau of Mines, and as general manager for Chinese Engineering and Mining Corporation

Worked for Bewick, Moreing & Co. as company's lead engineer

Made recommendations to improve the lot of the Chinese worker, seeking to end the practice of imposing long term servitude contracts and to institute reforms for workers based on merit

Was made a partner in Bewick, Moreing & Co. 1901 and assumed responsibility for various Australian operations and investments

Was a director of Chinese Engineering and Mining Corporation (CEMC) when it became a supplier of coolie (Asian) labor for South African mines

1905 Founded the Zinc Corporation (eventually part of the Rio Tinto Group) with William Baillieu and others

1908 Became an independent mining consultant, traveling worldwide until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Left Bewick Moreing & Co and, setting out on his own, eventually ended up with investments on every continent and offices in San Francisco, London, New York City, St. Petersburg, Paris and Mandalay, Burma.

1912 Supported Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive "Bull Moose" Party  

1914 When World War I began in August, helped organize the return of around 120,000 Americans from Europe. Led 500 volunteers in distributing food, clothing, steamship tickets and cash.

When Belgium faced a food crisis after being invaded by Germany, Hoover undertook an unprecedented relief effort with the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB). As chairman of the CRB, worked with the leader of the Belgian Comite National de Secours et Alimentation (CN), Emile Francqui, to feed the entire nation for the duration of the war. The CRB obtained and imported millions of tons of foodstuffs for the CN to distribute, and watched over the CN to make sure the German army didn't appropriate the food. The CRB became a veritable independent republic of relief, with its own flag, navy, factories, mills, and railroads. Private donations and government grants (78%) supplied an $11-million-a-month budget.

For the next two years, worked from London, administering the distribution of over two million tons of food to nine million war victims. In an early form of shuttle diplomacy, he crossed the North Sea forty times to meet with German authorities and persuade them to allow food shipments, becoming an international hero.

After the U.S. entered the war in April 1917, President Wilson appointed Hoover to head the U.S. Food Administration, which was created under the Lever Food Control Act in 1917. This was a position he actively sought, though he later claimed it was thrust upon him. Was convinced from his Belgian work that centralization of authority was essential to any relief effort; demanded, and got, great power albeit not as much as he sought. Hoover believed "food will win the war", and beginning on September 29, this slogan was introduced and put into frequent use.

After the war, as a member of the Supreme Economic Council and head of the American Relief Administration, organized shipments of food for millions of starving people in Central Europe.  Used a newly formed Quaker organization, the American Friends Service Committee, to carry out much of the logistical work in Europe.

Provided aid to the defeated German nation after the war, as well as relief to famine stricken Bolshevik controlled areas of Russia in 1921

At war's end, the New York Times named Hoover one of the "Ten Most Important Living Americans". Hoover confronted a world of political possibilities when he returned home in 1919. Democratic Party leaders saw him as a potential Presidential candidate, and President Wilson privately preferred Hoover as his successor.  "There could not be a finer one," asserted Franklin D Roosevelt, then a rising star from New York. Hoover briefly considered becoming a Democrat, but  believed that 1920 would be a Republican year.

Realized that he was in a unique position to collect information about the Great War and its aftermath. In 1919 established the Hoover War Collection at Stanford University. Donated all the files of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, the U.S. Food Administration, and the American Relief Administration, and pledged $50,000 as an endowment. Scholars were sent to Europe to collect pamphlets, society publications, government documents, newspapers, posters, proclamations, and other ephemeral materials related to the war and the revolutions that followed it. The collection was later renamed the Hoover War Library and is now known as the Hoover Institution.

During the post World War I period, Hoover also served as the president of the Federated American Engineering Societies

Rejected Democratic overtures in 1920.  Had been a registered Republican before the war, though in 1912 had supported Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive "Bull Moose" Party. Now he declared himself a Republican and a candidate for the Presidency.

Placed his name on the ballot in the California state primary election, where he came close to beating popular Senator Hiram Johnson. But having lost in his home state, Hoover was not considered a serious contender at the convention. Even when it deadlocked for several ballots between Illinois Governor Frank Lowden and General Leonard Wood, few delegates seriously considered Hoover as a compromise choice. Although he had personal misgivings about the capability of the nominee, Warren G Harding, Hoover publicly endorsed him and made two speeches for him.

After being elected, Harding rewarded Hoover for his support, offering to appoint him either Secretary of the Interior or Secretary of Commerce. Hoover ultimately chose Commerce. Commerce had existed for just eight years, since the division of the earlier Department of Commerce and Labor. Commerce was considered a minor Cabinet post, with limited and vaguely defined responsibilities.

Hoover aimed to change that, envisioning the Commerce Department as the hub of the nation's growth and stability. From Harding he demanded, and received, authority to coordinate economic affairs throughout the government. He created many sub-departments and committees, overseeing and regulating everything from manufacturing statistics, the census and radio, to air travel. In some instances he "seized" control of responsibilities from other Cabinet departments when he deemed that they were not carrying out their responsibilities well. Hoover became one of the most visible men in the country, often overshadowing Presidents Harding and Coolidge.

Mar 5 1921-Aug 21 1928 U.S. Secretary of Commerce

1924 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for Vice President U.S., lost to Charles Dawes
 
When Coolidge announced in 1927 that he would not seek a full term of office in the 1928 Presidential election, Hoover became the leading Republican candidate, despite the fact Coolidge was lukewarm on Hoover. Coolidge had been reluctant to choose Hoover as his successor.  Even so, Coolidge had no desire to split the party by publicly opposing the popular Commerce Secretary's nomination. The delegates did consider nominating Vice President Charles Dawes to be Hoover's running mate, but Coolidge remarked that this would be "a personal affront" to him, and the convention selected Senator Charles Curtis of Kansas instead. His only real challenger was Frank Orren Lowden. Hoover received much favorable press coverage in the months leading up to the convention. Hoover's reputation, experience, and popularity coalesced to give him the nomination on the first ballot, with Senator Charles Curtis named as his running mate.

1928 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

Mar 4 1929-Mar 4 1933 31st President U.S.

1932 Republican Party candidate for reelection President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

Herbert Hoover, Alf Landon, and Frank Knox were the only supporters of Progressive Party candidate for President U.S. Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 to be later named to a national Republican ticket

Post Presidency

1936 Entertained hopes of receiving the Republican Presidential nomination again, and thus facing Roosevelt in a rematch. However, although he retained strong support among some delegates, there was never much hope of his being selected. He publicly endorsed the nominee, Kansas Governor Alf Landon.  

Following World War II, became friends with President Truman

On Hoover's initiative, a school meals program in the American and British occupation zones of Germany was begun on April 14, 1947. The program served 3,500,000 children aged six through eighteen. A total of 40,000 tons of American food was provided during Hoover meals.

1947 President Truman appointed Hoover to a commission, which elected him chairman, to reorganize the executive departments. This became known as the Hoover Commission. He was appointed chairman of a similar commission by President Dwight D Eisenhower in 1953. Both found numerous inefficiencies and ways to reduce waste. The government enacted most of the recommendations that the two commissions had made, 71% of the first commission's and 64% of the second commission's.

Throughout the Cold War, Hoover, always an opponent of Marxism, became even more outspokenly anti-Communist. However, he vehemently opposed American involvement in the Korean War.

1960 Appeared at his final Republican National Convention

1964 Republican Presidential nominee Barry Goldwater acknowledged Hoover's absence from the Republican National Convention in his acceptance speech

First Lady of the United States Lou Hoover 1929-1933

Attended San Jose Normal School, now San Jose State University. 1894 enrolled, as the school's only female geology major, at Stanford University.

Traveled widely with her husband, including to Shanghai, China, and became a cultivated scholar and linguist. A proficient Chinese speaker, she is the only First Lady to have spoken an Asian language.

Was the first First Lady to make regular nationwide radio broadcasts.

Served as the national president of the Girl Scouts of the USA from 1922 to 1925 while Herbert Hoover served in the cabinet of Presidents Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge. She served as president again after leaving the White House, from 1935 to 1937.

Lou Hoover was an activist First Lady. She typified the new woman of the post-World War I era, intelligent, robust, and aware of multiple female possibilities.

[Lincoln Republican]

1928 Continued

Charles Curtis KS Republican

Read law in an established firm and worked part-time. Was admitted to the bar in 1881. Commenced practice in Topeka.

1885-1889 Prosecuting Attorney Shawnee County, KS

1889 By a single vote lost the Republican Party nomination to fill a vacancy in the U.S. House of Representative for KS

Mar 4 1893-Jan 28 1907 U.S. House of Representatives KS

Jan 28 1907 Resigned from U.S. House of Representatives after being chosen by the Kansas Legislature to fill the short unexpired term of Senator Joseph R Burton in the United States Senate. On that same day of Jan 28, Curtis was also chosen by Kansas' state lawmakers for the full Senatorial term commencing Mar 4 of that year and ending Mar 4, 1913. In 1912 he was unsuccessful in gaining the legislature's designation again as Senator, but his absence from the Senate was brief.

After passage of the 17th Amendment, which provided for direct election of Senators, in 1914 Curtis was elected by popular vote for the six-year Senate term commencing Mar 4, 1915. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1920 and again in 1926. Curtis served without interruption from March 4, 1915 until his resignation on March 3, 1929, after being elected Vice President U.S.

Jan 29 1907-Mar 4 1913 U.S. Senate KS

Dec 4 1911-Dec 12 1911 President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate (Rotating Pro Tems)

Mar 4 1915-Mar 4 1929 U.S. Senate KS

Mar 4 1919-Nov 28  1924 U.S. Senate  Majority Whip

Nov 28 1924 -Mar 4 1929 U.S. Senate Majority Leader

Nov 28 1924-Mar 4 1929 Leader of the U.S. Senate Republican Conference

1928 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover

1928 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Herbert Hoover, won

Mar 4 1929-Mar 4 1933 31st Vice President U.S.

Wielded little power as Vice President and rarely attended cabinet meetings

The first person with significant acknowledged Native American ancestry and the first person with significant acknowledged non-European ancestry to reach either of the two highest offices in the United States government's executive branch, President and Vice President

1932 Republican Party candidate for reelection Vice President U.S. with Herbert Hoover, lost

To date, Curtis is the last Vice President who was unmarried during his entire time in office

Second Lady of the United States, 1929-1933

Vacant, Charles Curtis was a widower when elected Vice President in 1928. His wife, Annie Elizabeth Curtis, died in 1924. Curtis had his half sister, "Dolly" Curtis Gann, live with him in Washington, DC and act as his hostess for social events.

[Lincoln Republican]

1928 Continued

Al Smith NY Democratic

Never attended high school or college and claimed he learned about people by studying them at the Fulton Fish Market

His acting skills made him a success on the amateur theater circuit. He became widely known, and developed the smooth oratorical style that characterized his political career.

Although indebted to the Tammany Hall political machine, remained untarnished by corruption and worked for the passage of progressive legislation

It was during his early unofficial jobs with Tammany Hall that he gained notoriety as an excellent speaker

1895 First political job was as an investigator in the office of the Commissioner of Jurors as appointed by Tammany Hall

1904-1915 Member NY State Assembly

1911 Vice Chairman of commission appointed to investigate factory conditions after 146 workers died in the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

1911 NY State Assembly Majority Leader

1912 NY State Assembly Minority Leader

1913 NY State Assembly Speaker

1914 NY State Assembly Minority Leader

1915 NY State Assembly Minority Leader

Nov 1915 Elected Sheriff of New York County

Recognized as a leader of the Progressive movement in New York City and New York state

1917-1918 President Board of Aldermen New York City

Jan 1 1919-Dec 31 1920 Governor NY

1920 Lost bid for reelection Governor NY

Jan 1 1923-Dec 31 1928 Governor NY

1924 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to John W Davis

1928 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover  
 
Smith was the first Roman Catholic nominee of a major party for President U.S.

After the 1928 election became the President of Empire State, Inc., the corporation that built and operated the Empire State Building

1929 Elected as President of the Board of Trustees of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University

1932 Sought Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

Smith felt slighted by Roosevelt during the latter's Governorship. They became rivals for the 1932 Democratic Presidential nomination. At the convention, Smith's animosity toward Roosevelt was so great, he put aside longstanding rivalries and managed to work with William McAdoo and William Randolph Hearst to try to block FDR's nomination for several ballots. This unlikely coalition fell apart when Smith refused to work on finding a compromise candidate and instead maneuvered to make himself the nominee. After losing the nomination, Smith eventually campaigned for Roosevelt in 1932.

Smith became highly critical of Roosevelt's New Deal policies and joined the American Liberty League, an anti-Roosevelt group

Smith's antipathy to Roosevelt and his policies was so great that he supported Republican Presidential candidates Alfred M Landon in the 1936 election and Wendell Willkie in the 1940 election

1939 Appointed a Papal Chamberlain of the Sword and Cape, one of the highest honors the Papacy bestowed on a layman, which today is styled a Papal Gentleman or a Gentleman of His Holiness

Joseph Taylor Robinson AR Democratic

Attended University of Arkansas and studied law at University of Virginia

1895 AR State Legislature, served one term

1895 Admitted to AR bar, commenced practice in Lonoke, AR

1900 Presidential elector on Democratic ticket  

Mar 4 1903-Jan 14 1913 U.S. House of Representatives AR

1908, 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1936 Delegate to Democratic National Convention from AR  

Jan 16 1913-Mar 8 1913 Governor AR

1912 Robinson was elected Governor of Arkansas. He resigned his U.S. House seat on Jan 14 1913 and took office as Governor on Jan 16 1913. However, Democratic U.S. Senator Jefferson Davis had died on Jan 3 1913 after the Legislature had re-elected him to a new term beginning Mar 4 1913. His seat was now open. On Jan 27 1913, only 12 days after Robinson took office as Governor, the Legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate to replace Davis.

Mar 10 1913-Jul 14 1937 U.S. Senate AR, died in office

Became the very last U.S. Senator elected by a state legislature rather than by direct popular vote

1920 Permanent Chairman Democratic National Convention

Dec 3 1923-Mar 4 1933 U.S. Senate Minority Leader

Dec 3 1923-Jul 14 1937 Chairman of U.S. Senate Democratic Caucus

1928 Permanent Chairman Democratic National Convention

1928 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Al Smith, lost

Mar 4 1933-Jul 14 1937 U.S. Senate Majority Leader  

1936 Permanent Chairman Democratic National Convention

Feb 5 1937 Bill introduced to expand the U.S. Supreme Court, also known as the "Court Packing Bill." Robinson worked tirelessly on behalf of President Franklin D Roosevelt for the bill, having received assurances from President Roosevelt that he would be appointed to one of the new Supreme Court seats to be created by the bill. During the legislative battle, Robinson suffered a fatal stroke.  

[Lincoln Republican]

1928 Continued

Norman Thomas NY Socialist Party of America

Presbyterian Minister

Attended Bucknell University for one year

Attended Princeton University, graduating magna cum laude in 1905

1917 Worked on Socialist Party of America (SPA) Leader Morris Hillquit campaign for Mayor New York City

1917 Joined the Socialist Party. Despite his membership in the Marxist SPA, Thomas was never himself an orthodox Marxist, instead favoring a Christian socialist orientation.

Secretary, then an unpaid position, of the pacifist Fellowship of Reconciliation

1918 When the organization started a magazine called The World Tomorrow in January, employed as its paid editor

1922 Became co-director of the League for Industrial Democracy

Later was one the founders of the National Civil Liberties Bureau, the precursor of the American Civil Liberties Union

1924 Socialist Party candidate Governor NY, lost

1925 Socialist Party candidate Mayor New York City, lost

1926 Socialist Party candidate New York State Senate, lost

1927 Socialist Party candidate Alderman New York City, lost

1928 Socialist Party candidate President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover

1929 Socialist Party candidate Mayor New York City, lost

1932 Socialist Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1934 Socialist Party candidate U.S. Senate NY, lost

1936 Socialist Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1940 Socialist Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1944 Socialist Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1948 Socialist Party candidate President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

James H Maurer PA Socialist Party of America

Trade Unionist

1880 Joined Knights of Labor labor union, also active in the Single Tax movement associated with Henry George

Early 1890s, joined the People's Party, a populist political organization which attempted in particular to advance the cause of the nation's farmers

1899 Joined Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP).  Helped to organize Section Hamburg, Pennsylvania SLP in February of that year.

From 1901 Was a member of the Plumbers and Steamfitters Union

Throughout his later life Maurer was strongly supportive of the American Federation of Labor

1906 Socialist Party candidate Governor PA, lost

1911-1912 Socialist member PA State House of Representatives

1912-1930 President PA Federation of Labor

1913 Defeated in bid for reelection to PA State House of Representatives

1915-1918 Socialist member PA State House of Representatives

January 1916 Part of a three person delegation to President Wilson to advocate part of the Socialist Party's peace program

Elected multiple times to the governing National Executive Committee of the SPA

From 1921 President of Workers' Education Bureau of America and Brookwood Labor College

From 1922 On governing National Committee of the Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA)

1924 Strongly supportive of Robert LaFollette's campaign for President

1927 Elected to Reading, PA City Council, part of a sweep by the Socialist Party which won the administration of the city

1928 Socialist Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Norman Thomas, lost

1930 Socialist Party candidate Governor PA, lost

1932 Socialist Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Norman Thomas, lost

1934 Socialist Party candidate U.S. Senate PA, lost


William Z Foster IL Communist Party candidate for President U.S. See 1924

Benjamin Gitlow NY Communist Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1924

Frank T Johns OR Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1924

Verne L Reynolds MI Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S., Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1924

Jeremiah D Crowley NY Socialist Labor Party

1912 Candidate Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1914 Candidate Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1916 Candidate Governor NY, lost

1920 Candidate Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1922 Candidate Governor NY, lost

1926 Candidate Governor NY, lost

1928 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice Pesident U.S. with Verne L Reynolds, lost

For 1928 election, Crowley was the replacement candidate for Vice President U.S. for Verne L Reynolds, the original candidate for Vice President U.S. 1928, who replaced original candidate for President U.S., Frank T Johns, who died May 20, 1928

1930 Candidate Governor NY, lost

1932 Candidate U.S. Senate NY, lost

1934 Candidate NY At-Large, lost

1938 Candidate NY At-Large, lost

William F Varney NY Prohibition Party

1928 Prohibition Party candidate President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover

1934 Law Preservation candidate Governor NY, lost

Ran several times for other offices, including New York State Senate,  U.S. House of Representatives NY, Mayor of Rockville Centre, NY, losing each time

James Edgerton VA Prohibition Party

Newspaper editor

1928 Prohibition Party candidate Vice President U.S. with William F Varney, lost

Frank Webb CA Farmer-Labor Party

1928 Farmer-Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to Herbert Hoover

Leroy R Tillman GA Farmer-Labor Party

1928 Farmer-Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Frank Webb, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1932

Franklin D Roosevelt NY Democratic

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Descendant of Mayflower passengers Isaac Allerton, Francis Cooke, John and Elizabeth (Tilley) Howland, Degory Priest, John and Joan (Hurst) Tilley, and Richard and Elizabeth (Walker) Warren

Seventh cousin once removed of Winston Churchill. Their common ancestor is Henry Glover, born about 1616 in England and died 1689 in New Haven, CT.

Son of James Roosevelt I, Turned down President Grover Cleveland's offer to name him Minister to Holland

Son of Sara Roosevelt, Lived to see her son, Franklin D Roosevelt, elected President of the United States three times, becoming the first Presidential mother to vote for her son. She continued to support her son's career, even standing in as First Lady on several occasions.  

Half brother of James  Roosevelt Roosevelt  (Rosey), Appointed by President Grover Cleveland to the position of First Secretary to the American Legation in Vienna, Austria, and served as Secretary of the United States Embassy in London, England

Fifth cousin of Theodore Roosevelt, NY State Assembly 1882-1884, New York State Assembly Minority Leader 1883, Republican Party candidate for Mayor New York City 1886, lost,  President of Board of New York City Police Commissioners 1895-1897, Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1897-1898, Governor NY 1899-1900, Vice President U.S. 1901, President U.S. 1901-1909, see also 1904 Theodore Roosevelt

Sixth cousin of Theodore Roosevelt Jr, NY State Assembly 1920-1921, Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1921-1924, Republican Party candidate for Governor NY 1924, lost, Governor Puerto Rico 1929-1932, Governor General Philippines 1932-1933

Father of Anna Roosevelt, At her ailing father's request, Anna moved into the White House in 1944 to serve as Acting First Lady because of her mother's, Eleanor Roosevelt's, preference for devoting her time to other political activities and worthy causes. When President Roosevelt traveled to Yalta in 1945 to meet Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill, he selected Anna to accompany him.

Father of James Roosevelt II, A delegate from Massachusetts to the Constitutional Convention for the repeal of Prohibition 1933, officially appointed "Administrative Assistant to the President" 1937, Secretary to the President, became White House coordinator for eighteen federal agencies 1937-1938, Chairman of the California State Democratic Central Committee 1946-1948, U.S. House of Representatives California 1955-1965, U.S. delegate to United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 1965-1966  

Father of Elliot Roosevelt, Rank of Brigadier General United States Army Air Forces, served in World War II 1940-1945, assigned by President Roosevelt to attend Atlantic Conference between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill 1941, attended as a military attache to the Casablanca Conference 1943, the Cairo Conference 1943, the Tehran Conference 1943, Mayor Miami Beach FL 1965-1967    
  
Father of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr, Assigned by President Roosevelt to attend Atlantic Conference between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill 1941, served on the President's Committee on Civil Rights for President Harry Truman 1947-1948, Chairman of Mayor’s committee on unity in New York City 1948-1949, U.S. House of Representatives New York 1949-1955, Under Secretary of Commerce and chairman of President's Appalachian Regional Commission 1963, Chairman of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1965-1966  
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Late spring 1887 James Roosevelt, Franklin's father, took his son, 5 year old Franklin D Roosevelt, to visit President Grover Cleveland at the White House

Attended Harvard College.  While at Harvard his fifth cousin Theodore "T.R." Roosevelt, Jr became President of the United States.  His vigorous leadership style and reforming zeal made him Franklin's role model and hero although he remained a Democrat, campaigning for Theodore's opponent William Jennings Bryan.

1903 Graduated from Harvard with an A.B. in history. He later received an honorary LL.D from Harvard in 1929.

At Harvard he helped found the Political Society, he was elected secretary of the Glee Club, he worked his way up from assistant managing editor to managing editor to president of The Harvard Crimson daily newspaper, and though defeated for class marshal, he was elected chairman of the Class Day committee

1904 Entered Columbia Law School but dropped out in 1907 after he passed the New York State Bar exam. He however later received a posthumous Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School.

1908 Took a job with the prestigious Wall Street law firm of Carter Ledyard & Milburn, dealing mainly with corporate law  
    
Jan 1 1911-Mar 17 1913 NY State Senate

Became an antagonist of the Tammany Hall Democratic political machine in NY

1912 Supported Woodrow Wilson for President, who won, in oposition to Tammany Hall

Mar 17 1913-Aug 26 1920 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, under President Woodrow Wilson

Of interest, Theodore Roosevelt as well served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, serving 1897-1898 under President William McKinley

Of interest, Theodore Roosevelt Jr, son of Theodore Roosevelt, as well served as Assistant Secretary of 
 the Navy, serving 1921–1924 under Presidents Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge

According to author Edward J Renehan, Jr, no less than five members of the extended Roosevelt clan served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt Jr, Theodore Douglas Robinson (the son of Corinne Roosevelt) who served 1924-1929 under President Calvin Coolidge, and Henry Latrobe Roosevelt, a descendant of Robert Fulton's old friend "Steamboat Nicholas" Roosevelt, who served 1933-1936 under President Franklin D Roosevelt

With his appointment as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D Roosevelt was still relatively obscure, but his friends were already speaking of him as a future President. He himself reportedly began talking about being elected to the Presidency as early as 1907.

1914 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for U.S. Senate NY, lost to Tammany Hall backed James W Gerard who would go on to lose the Senate election to Republican James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr

1920 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with James M Cox, lost

The 1920 Democratic National Convention chose Roosevelt by acclamation as the Vice Presidential candidate. Although his nomination surprised most people, Roosevelt was considered as bringing balance to the ticket as a moderate, a Wilsonian, and a prohibitionist with a famous name. Franklin D Roosevelt had just turned 38, four years younger than Theodore Rosevelt had been when he received the nomination for Vice President U.S. from the Republican Party.

After the election defeat, Franklin D Roosevelt returned to New York to practice law and joined the newly organized New York Civitan Club

Aug 1921 While the Roosevelts were vacationing at Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Canada, Franklin D Roosevelt contracted polio. It left him with permanent paralysis from the waist down.

Roosevelt helped Al Smith successfully win the elections for Governor of New York in 1922 and 1924. In the election of 1924 for Governor of New York Roosevelt was a strong supporter of Al Smith against his sixth cousin, Republican Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

1924 and 1928 Gave nominating speeches for New York Governor Al Smith for Democratic Party nominations for President U.S. at the Democratic National Conventions.  Smith failed to win the nomination in 1924 but succeeded in winning the nomination in 1928.  

The speech at the 1924 convention marked a return to public life for Roosevelt following his illness and convalescence

As the Democratic Party Presidential nominee in the 1928 election,  Al Smith in turn asked Roosevelt to run for Governor of New York in the state election. Roosevelt was nominated by the Democrats by acclamation. While Smith lost the Presidency in a landslide, and was defeated in his home state of New York, Roosevelt was narrowly elected Governor of New York, by a one-percent margin.

Jan 1 1929-Dec 31 1932 Governor NY, elected 1928, reelected 1930

1932 Won Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., renominated 1936, 1940, 1944

Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944

Feb 15 1933 While President Elect, Roosevelt escaped an assassination attempt in Bayfront Park in downtown Miami, Florida. Giuseppe Zangara, who expressed a "hate for all rulers," attempted to shoot Roosevelt. He shot and killed Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak who was sitting alongside Roosevelt, and injured five bystanders, but his attempt to murder Roosevelt failed when an alert spectator, Lillian Cross, hit his arm with her purse and deflected the bullet.

Mar 4 1933– Apr 12 1945 32nd President U.S., died in office

Won Presidential elections of 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, the only U.S. President to be elected to more than two full terms as President U.S.

1944 marked the fifth time Roosevelt had been nominated as a major party candidate, on the Democratic ticket, as either Vice Presidential candidate, 1920, or Presidential candidate, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944. The only other candidate to be nominated by a major party to their party's national ticket five times was Richard Nixon, nominated as Republican Vice Presidential candidate 1952, 1956, and as Republican Presidential candidate 1960, 1968, 1972.

The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The 1932 election resulted in the passage of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Before the Twentieth Amendment, the schedules which determined the terms of office of elected officials, and when sessions of Congress began and ended, were set by a sometimes awkward intersection of law, historical precedent, and constitutional mandate. The Constitution did not set any dates for Congressional or Presidential elections, nor for the commencement of terms of office for elected federal officials.

The Twentieth Amendment moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the President and Vice President from Mar 4 to Jan 20, and of members of Congress from Mar 4 to Jan 3. It also has provisions that determine what is to be done when there is no President-elect.

This necessity of having a shorter lapse of time between the election and the inauguration and swearing in time was seen most notably in 1861 and 1933, after the elections of Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D Roosevelt, respectively, plus the newly elected Senators and Representatives. Under the Constitution at the time, these Presidents had to wait four months before they and the incoming Congresses could deal with the secession of Southern states and the Great Depression respectively.

The Twentieth Amendment was ratified on Jan 23, 1933

[Lincoln Republican]

1932 Continued

Franklin D Roosevelt Continued

The Infamy Speech

The Infamy Speech was a speech delivered by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, one day after the Empire of Japan's attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and the Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire. The name derives from the first line of the speech: Roosevelt describing the previous day as "a date which will live in infamy". The speech is also commonly referred to as the "Pearl Harbor Speech."

Within an hour of the speech, Congress passed a formal declaration of war against Japan and officially brought the U.S. into World War II. The address is one of the most famous of all American political speeches.

War Time Conferences

Aug 9 1941-Aug 12 1941 President Franklin D Roosevelt attended the Atlantic Conference, or the Atlantic Charter Conference, held in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, at which was issued The Atlantic Charter, a pivotal policy statement, which defined the Allied goals for the postwar world, with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom.  They issued the charter on Aug 14 1941 as a joint declaration at Naval Station Argentia.

Jan 14 1943-Jan 24 1943 President Franklin D Roosevelt attended the Casablanca Conference held at the Anta Hotel in Casablanca, French Morocco, to plan the Allied European strategy for the next phase of World War II, with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom

Nov 22 1943-Nov 26 1943 President Franklin D Roosevelt attended the Cairo Conference held at a residence of the American Ambassador to Egypt, Alexander Kirk, near the Pyramids, in Cairo, Egypt, which outlined the Allied position against Japan during World War II and made decisions about postwar Asia, with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek of the Republic of China

Nov 28 1943-Dec 1 1943 President Franklin D Roosevelt attended the Tehran Conference at the Soviet Union's embassy in Tehran, Iran, a strategy meeting after the Anglo-Soviet Invasion of Iran. The conference addressed the Allies' relations with Turkey and Iran, operations in Yugoslavia and against Japan, and the envisaged post-war settlement. It was the first of the World War II conferences of the "Big Three" Allied leaders, President Franklin D Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union.  

Feb 4 1945-Feb 11 1945 President Franklin D Roosevelt attended the Yalta Conference held at the Livadia Palace in Livadiya near Yalta,  Crimea, Soviet Union, for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization, with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union

First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt 1933-1945

The longest serving First Lady in the history of the United States.

1899-1902 Attended Allenswood Academy, a private finishing school outside London, England.

In the late 1940s, Democrats in New York and throughout the country courted Eleanor Roosevelt to run for political office.

Chairwoman of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights 1946–1952.
 
United States Representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights 1947–1953.

Chairwoman of the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women 1961–1962.

By the time of her death, Eleanor Roosevelt was regarded as "one of the most esteemed women in the world", she was called "the object of almost universal respect" in her New York Times obituary. In 1999, she was ranked ninth in the top ten of Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century.

John Nance Garner TX Democratic

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Father of Tully Charles Garner, Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Texas 1940, U.S. Collector of Customs 1951
=====

Attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee for one semester before dropping out and returning home

Returned to Clarksville, Texas, read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1890

After an unsuccessful run for the office of City Attorney in Clarksville, TX, moved to Uvalde, Uvalde County, TX, where he began law practice

In Uvalde, joined the law firm of Clark and Fuller and was appointed to fill a vacancy as County Judge

1893-1896 County Judge Uvalde County TX, winning election to a full term

1898-1902 TX State House of Representatives

1900, 1904, 1916 Delegate from Texas to Democratic National Convention

1902 Elected U.S. House of Representatives TX, reelected 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1914, 1916, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1930, 1932

Mar 4 1903-Mar 4 1933 U.S. House of Representatives TX

1911 became House Democratic Party Whip U.S. House of Representatives

During World War I, Garner was recognized as a leader in the U.S. House of Representatives and became the liaison between President Woodrow Wilson and the U.S. House of Representatives

Mar 4 1929–Mar 4 1931 House Minority Leader U.S. House of Representatives

Dec 7 1931–Mar 4 1933 Speaker U.S. House of Representatives

1932 Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

It became evident that Franklin D Roosevelt, the Governor of New York, was the strongest of several candidates for the 1932 Democratic Party Presidential nomination, although he did not have the two-thirds majority required to win the nomination. Garner cut a deal with Roosevelt, becoming the Vice Presidential candidate.

Lengthy "smoke-filled-room" negotiations brought John Garner's supporters, controlled by Congressman Sam Rayburn of Texas, to the support of Roosevelt.  After Roosevelt's victory, Garner was nominated without opposition as the Vice Presidential candidate, as had been promised in the deal making negotiations.

1932, 1936 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Franklin D Roosevelt, won  

Garner was re-elected to the Seventy-third Congress on Nov 8, 1932, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives TX, and on the same day was elected Vice President of the United States, making him only the second person to serve as both Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and President of the U.S. Senate on the same day, Mar 4, 1933, after Schuyler Colfax, Mar 4, 1869

Mar 4 1933-Jan 20 1941 32nd Vice President U.S., elected 1932, reelected 1936, with Franklin D Roosevelt

Because of Garner's knowledge of the legislative process, President Roosevelt made Vice President Garner his liaison with Congress. This decision proved to be a wise move, as Garner had his own congressional machine.

Garner would alter the Vice Presidency in an unprecedented manner. He attended and actively participated in Roosevelt's cabinet meetings on national policy and legislative strategy. He thus effectively transformed what had been a largely ceremonial office into an influential executive and legislative position.

Garner quickly became, after the President, the single most important man in government and, arguably, the nation.

During 1938 and 1939, numerous Democratic party leaders urged Garner to run for President in 1940. Garner declared his candidacy. Roosevelt refused to say whether he would run again. If he did, it was highly unlikely that Garner could win the nomination, but Garner stayed in the race anyway. At the 1940 Democratic National Convention, Roosevelt arranged a "spontaneous" call for his renomination, and won on the first ballot.

1939 Member Democratic National Committee from Texas

1939 Vice Chair Democratic National Committee
 
1941 Retired from public life

Throughout his retirement, was consulted by active Democratic politicians and was especially close to Roosevelt's successor Harry S Truman

On the morning of Garner's 95th birthday, Nov 22, 1963, President John F Kennedy called to wish the former Vice President a happy birthday, just hours before his fateful trip to Dallas

Second Lady of the United States Mariette Garner 1933-1941

1893, Mariette Rheiner ran for Uvalde County judge, but was defeated by the incumbent, John Nance Garner, a lawyer, though women at the time could not vote in Texas. Two years later, on Nov 25 1895, she married Garner.

During her husband's tenure in the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1903 to 1933, Mariette "Ettie" Garner served as his private secretary.

Herbert Hoover CA Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1928

Charles Curtis KS Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1928

[Lincoln Republican]

1932 Continued

Norman Thomas NY Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1928

James H Maurer PA Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President US. See 1928

William Z Foster IL Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S. See 1924

James W Ford AL Communist Party USA

Attended Fisk University

A few months before graduation in 1917, enlisted in the U.S. Army World War I, serving 1917-1918

Postal worker, joined Union of Post Office Workers.  Put him in contact with the Communist Party. Fired from post office job.

1925 Recruited into the Chicago section of the American Negro Labor Congress (ANLC), established by the Communist Party as a mass organization of black workers

1926 Joined the Workers (Communist) Party of America itself

1928 was sent to the Soviet Union to represent the American Communist Party at the 4th World Congress of the Red International of Labor Unions (RILU), held in Moscow. Was there elected to the RILU Secretariat. Did not immediately return to the United States, instead remaining in Moscow to work on RILU matters as a full-time functionary.

1928 Attended the 6th World Congress of the Communist International on behalf of the American Communist Party, where he was elected to the Comintern's Negro Commission

1929 Also elected a delegate to the World Congress of the League Against Imperialism, which met in Hamburg, Germany

1929 Attended the 10th Enlarged Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI)

1929 Attended the 2nd Congress of the League Against Imperialism, where he was elected to the General Council and the Executive Committee

1930 Organized the Comintern-sponsored 1st International Conference of Negro Workers in Hamburg where he was elected as Secretary of the short-lived International Trade Union Committee for Black Workers as well as editor of its journal, The Negro Worker

For supplying copies of Communist literature to British sailors, arrested, and summarily relieved of his political post with the Comintern

1930 Returned to the United States where he assumed the role of Vice President of the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, the organizational successor to ANLC

1932 Elected to the governing Political Buro of the CPUSA. He had arrived as a top political leader of the Communist Party of the USA.

1932 Ford's status as one of the nation's most recognizable black Communists was further cemented in 1932 when he was named by the CPUSA as its candidate for Vice President of the United States, running on the ticket with Presidential nominee William Z. Foster. The placing of a black man near the top of the Communist ticket was symbolic of the party's self-declared commitment to racial equality and its commitment to advance blacks to its own leadership.  

1932 Communist Party USA candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Z Foster, lost

Ford was the first African-American to appear on a Presidential ticket in the 20th century

1933 Made the new head of the Harlem Section of the Communist Party

1935 Sent by the CPUSA to the 7th World Congress of the Comintern as a delegate, where he was elected an alternate member of ECCI

1936 Ford was again placed on the CPUSA's ticket as its Vice Presidential hopeful, running this time with the CPUSA's General Secretary, Earl Browder

1936 Communist Party USA candidate for Vice President U.S. with Earl Browder, lost

1937 Traveled to Spain along with other American Communists in support of the Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War

1940 Campaign saw a renewal of the Browder/Ford ticket by the Communist Party, the third and final time James Ford appeared in that capacity

Earl Browder, reading too much into the dissolution of the Communist International in May 1943 and the wartime alliance of the Soviet Union with America, dissolved the Communist Party in 1944, replacing it with a "Communist Political Association." James Ford was chosen as the Vice President of this new formation.

When in April 1945 Moscow signaled its intense displeasure in the decision to dissolve the Communist Party, Browder was cashiered, expelled from the reconstituted party in July. Although Ford made a public self-criticism of his alleged errors, he was nevertheless demoted from the top echelon of Communist Party leaders, not re-elected to the National Committee of the party and supplanted in his de facto role as "America's leading black Communist" by Benjamin J. Davis.

1948 Was not targeted by the US Department of Justice in its 1948 prosecution of the top leadership of the CPUSA

William David Upshaw GA Democratic, Prohibition Party

Was such a strong proponent of the temperance movement that he became known as the "driest of the drys"

1906 Served as Vice President Georgia Anti-Saloon League

1907 Played a major role in passage of state wide prohibition in Georgia. The defense of prohibition was a major factor in the establishment of the second Ku Klux Klan ("Klan of the 1920s") in 1915.

Was not sympathetic with the Klan, and, on one occasion, ran against a Klan-supported candidate for public office

Mar 4 1919-Mar 3 1927 U.S. House of Representatives GA

1927 Elected as a Vice President of the Southern Baptist Convention

1927-1932 Served as a member of the Board of Trustees from the founding of Bob Jones College in Lynn Haven, Florida

1932 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

Frank S Regan IL Prohibition Party

Lawyer, lecturer

Editor of "The Taxpayer"

Had been a Lyceum cartoonist-lecturer, illustrating his talks with crayon pictures  

Worked the Chautauqua  circuit for 22 years  

Won a seat on the Board of Aldermen Rockford, Illinois

1899-1900 Illinois State House of Representatives, elected on the Prohibition Party ticket. Was the first individual to be elected to a state legislature on the Prohibition Party ticket.

1932 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William David Upshaw, lost

1936 Prohibition Party candidate for Illinois State Attorney General, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1932 Continued

William Hope Harvey AR Democratic, Liberty Party

Taught school for three months.  Attended Marshall College at Guyandotte, Virginia for three months. At the time the college was teaching mostly secondary subjects. At age 17 taught school for another three months. Afterward he ended his formal teaching and education, however he continued studying law with his brother.

With only the most basic knowledge of law, managed to pass the necessary tests to be admitted to that bar in West Virginia, then opened up a law practice  

1896 Campaign manager for William Jennings Bryan's Presidential campaign

1932 Formed Liberty Party based on his financial theories

1932 Liberty Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

However, the Liberty Party ended up merging with the Jobless Party, and Harvey ran for President as an Independent

Frank Hemenway WA Liberty Party

1932 Liberty Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Hope Harvey, lost

However, the Liberty Party ended up merging with the Jobless Party, and Harvey and Hemenway ran for President and Vice President as Independents

Vrene L Reynolds NY Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1924

John W Aiken MA Socialist Labor Party

1922 Socialist Labor Party candidate MA State Auditor, lost

1930 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor MA, lost

1932 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S., with Verne L Reynolds, lost

1934 Socialist Labor Party candidate Governor MA, lost

1936 Socialist Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1940 Socialist Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1946 Socialist Labor Party candidate U.S. Senate CT, lost

Jacob Coxey OH Democratic, Greenback, People's Party, Republican, Union Party, Farmer-Labor Party

Erected a crushing mill and quickly began accumulating wealth

1885 Ran as the nominee of the Greenback Party for a seat in the Ohio State Senate but lost in his first attempt at public office

1894 Led Coxey's Army, a march that started in Ohio, and passed through Pittsburgh in April

Interest in the march dwindled in mid May. Coxey was concerned with the lack of meaningful work, and thus demanded that the federal government provide such for the unemployed.  Although it didn't seem to have much effect, the march on Washington and the growing threat of populism at this time struck fear into the hearts of many.

1894 Nominated by the People's Party for U.S. House of Representatives OH, lost in general election

1895 Nominated by People's Party for Governor OH, lost in general election

1897 Nominated by People's Party for Governor OH, lost in general election

1916 Ran for  the U.S. Senate OH, lost

1922 Ran as an independent for the U.S. House of Representatives OH , lost

1924 Ran as an independent for the U.S. House of Representatives OH, lost

1926 Ran for the Republican Party's nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives OH, lost in the primary election

1928 Again tried unsuccessfully to get the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate OH in the primary. In the general election, he ran as an independent for the U.S. House of Representatives OH, lost

1928 Interracial Independent Party candidate President U.S. with Simon P. W. Drew as his running mate, lost to Herbert Hoover

1930 Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the U.S. House of Representatives OH primary

1931 Elected as Mayor of Massillon OH

1932 Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee in the U.S. House of Representatives OH primary

1932 Farmer-Labor Party candidate President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1934 Again lost the contest to be the Republican nominee for U.S. House of Representatives OH

1936 Ran again for U.S. House of Representatives OH, this time under the banner of the Union Party, and again losing

1938 Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination in the 16th District primaries, lost

1941 Unsuccessfully tried to get the Democratic nomination for Mayor of Massillon, OH, after losing his seat in 1933

1942 Contested for the Democratic Party's nomination U.S. House of Representatives, lost

Julius Reiter MN Farmer-Labor Party

1907-1909, 1917-1919, 1923-1925, 1931-1935 Mayor Rochester, MN

1912, 1916 Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from MN

1920 Farmer-Labor Party candidate U.S. House of Representatives MN , lost

1932 Farmer-Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Jacob Coxey, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1936

Franklin D Roosevelt NY Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1932

John Nance Garner TX Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1932

Alf Landon KS Republican, Progressive, Republican

=====
Father of Nancy Landon Kassebaum, Caseworker for Republican Senator James B Pearson of Kansas 1975. Nancy Landon Kassebaum served as U.S. Senator for Kansas 1978-1997. Was the first female U.S. Senator elected without having been preceded in office by her husband.

Father-in-law of Howard Baker, who was married to Landon's daughter, Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker 1996-2014. Howard Baker served as U.S. Republican Senator for Tennessee 1967-1985, U.S. Senate Minority Leader 1977-1981, U.S. Senate Majority Leader 1981-1985, White House Chief of Staff 1987-1988 under President Reagan, U.S. Ambassador to Japan 2001-2005.

Grandfather of Richard Kassebaum, documentary filmmaker, best remembered for producing television documentaries, including the 2002 award winning Limited Series Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century

Grandfather of William Kassebaum, Kansas State House of Representatives 2003-2004
====

1908 Graduated from University of Kansas with an LLB law degree

Following graduation, first pursued a career in banking
 
1912 Entered the oil business and became an independent petroleum producer in Independence, Kansas

1912 Attended the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party Convention and campaigned in Kansas for the Progressive Party Presidential candidate, Theodore Roosevelt. Thereafter, Landon’s political affiliation remained with the Republican Party and Kansas progressivism.

1917-1918 During World War I, served in the United States Army as a First Lieutenant in chemical warfare

1922 Private secretary to the Governor of Kansas, Republican Henry J Allen

Later Became known as the leader of the liberal Republicans in Kansas

1928 Elected chairman of the Republican State Central Committee in Kansas

1928 Directed the Republican successful Presidential and gubernatorial campaigns in Kansas

By 1929 The oil industry had made Landon a millionaire, and he was instrumental in the establishment of the Kansas-Oklahoma division of the United States Oil and Gas Association, then known as the Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association, a petroleum lobbying organization

1932 In the Presidential campaign, a coolness developed between Landon and then U.S. President Herbert Hoover, the Republican candidate for President U.S.

Jan 9 1933-Jan 11 1937 Governor of Kansas  

Elected Governor of Kansas in 1932. Re-elected Governor of Kansas in 1934.  

Landon and Frank Merriam of California were the only Republican Governors in the nation to be reelected in 1934

To clarify, Merriam was elected Lieutenant Governor of California Nov 4 1930. When the Governor of California, James Rolph, died Jun 2 1934, Merriam became Governor of California. Merriam was then elected Governor of California Nov 6 1934.

This victory by Landon led to the “Landon Boom” and to Landon's Presidential candidacy of 1936

1936 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

Herbert Hoover, Alf Landon, and Frank Knox were the only supporters of Progressive Party candidate for President U.S. Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 to be later named to a national Republican ticket

1938 The Republicans' defeats in 1932 and 1936 plunged the party into a period of bitter intraparty strife. Landon played an important role in ending this internal bickering, in helping to prepare a new group of leaders for the Presidential campaign of 1940, and in trying to bring about a compromise between the isolationist and internationalist viewpoints in foreign policy.

Declined a position in President Franklin D Roosevelt's cabinet because he made his acceptance contingent upon the President's renunciation of a third term

Dec 13 1966 Gave the first "Landon Lecture" at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas. Landon's lecture, titled "New Challenges in International Relations" was the first in a series of public issues lectures that continues to this day and has featured numerous world leaders and political figures, including seven U.S. Presidents, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H W Bush, Bill Clinton, George W Bush.

Later in the 1960s, backed President Lyndon Johnson on Medicare and other Great Society programs

1976 Addressed the Republican National Convention in Kansas City, Missouri

Sep 9 1987 On Landon's 100th birthday, he was visited by President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan, who extended their warmest wishes to him

Frank Knox IL Republican, Progressive, Republican

1893 Enrolled at Alma College in Alma, Michigan, graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Was a member of the Zeta Sigma Fraternity.

1898 During the Spanish-American War, joined the army, and served in Cuba with Theodore Roosevelt's famous Rough Riders, the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. Fought in Cuba at the Battle of Las Guasimas, and the Battle of San Juan Hill.

Became a newspaper reporter at Michigan's Grand Rapids Herald, where he went from reporter to city editor in a year. This was the beginning of a career that included ownership of several newspapers.

Began his first foray into politics, being asked to speak on behalf of the Congressional campaign of William Alden Smith, successful Republican candidate for U.S. House of Representatives Michigan

1900 Moved to the business side of the Grand Rapids Herald newspaper

1902 He and a partner purchased the Lake Superior Journal, which he transformed into the daily Evening Journal. Within a year, he had taken over his chief rival to become the Evening News.

Became the Michigan State Republican Party Chairman

1910 Campaign manager for Chase S Osborn, successful Republican candidate for Governor Michigan

1912 Left Michigan to start the Leader, a new paper in Manchester, New Hampshire, with the financial backing of New Hampshire Republican Governor Robert Perkins Bass

1912 As founding editor of New Hampshire's Manchester Leader, forerunner to the New Hampshire Union Leader, supported Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party ticket. However, with that exception, adhered to the Republican Party.

1913 Bought out the rival Daily Union, and the paper became the Manchester Union Leader

1917-1918 World War I, enlisted in United States Army, served as an artillery officer in France, promoted to rank of Major

1919 Released from military service

Continued to run the Union Leader until 1927, when he was appointed General Manger of the Hearst newspaper chain, a post he held until resigning in December 1930

1930 Became publisher and part owner of the Chicago Daily News

As publisher of the Chicago Daily News, he contributed editorials harshly critical of the New Deal

1936 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Alf Landon

1936 At the start of the Republican National Convention, Governor Alf Landon of Kansas looked like the likely nominee for President U.S., but faced opposition from a coalition led by Michigan Senator Arthur Vandenberg, Idaho Senator William E Borah, and newspaper publisher Frank Knox of Illinois. However, the stop Landon movement failed.

Knox withdrew from the race for the Presidential nomination in order to become Landon's selection for Vice President U.S.

1936 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Alf Landon, lost

Herbert Hoover, Alf Landon, and Frank Knox were the only supporters of Progressive Party candidate for President U.S. Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 to be later named to a national Republican ticket

Jul 11 1940-Apr 28 1944 U.S. Secretary of the Navy in the cabinet of President Franklin D Roosevelt. Knox died in office.

The appointment of Knox as Secretary of the Navy was part of President Roosevelt's effort to build bi-partisan support for his foreign and defense policies following the defeat of France by Germany

[Lincoln Republican]

1936 Continued

William Lemke ND Nonpartisan League, Republican, Union Party

1902 Graduated University of North Dakota where he was a superior student

Stayed at the state university for the first year of law school then moved to Georgetown University, then to Yale Law School, where he finished work on his law degree and won the praise of the dean

Returned to North Dakota in 1905 to set up law practice at Fargo

1921-1922 Attorney General ND

Mar 4 1933-Jan 31 1941 U.S. House of Representatives ND, a member of the Nonpartisan League on the Republican Party ticket

1936 Union Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1936 Simultaneously reelected to U.S. House of Representatives ND as a Republican

1940 After having already received the Republican nomination for a fifth House term, withdrew from that race to launch an unsuccessful run as an independent for U.S. Senate ND

Jan 3 1943-May 30 1950 U.S. House of Representatives ND, Republican

Thomas C O'Brien MA Republican, Democratic, Union Party

Lawyer

1913-1916 Member Massachusetts Board of Parole

1922-1927 District Attorney Suffolk District, MA

1925 Candidate for Mayor of Boston, MA, lost

1936 Union Party candidate for U.S. Senate MA, lost

1936 Candidate for nomination U.S. Senate in Republican primary election, lost

1936 Candidate for nomination U.S. Senate in Democratic primary election, lost

1936 Union Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with William Lemke, lost

Norman Thomas NY Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1928

George A Nelson WI Socialist Party of America

Dairy farmer

1930s The author of two political pamphlets on agricultural issues published by the Socialist Party in the 1930s

1930s Active in the cooperative movement, which touted over 450 cooperative creameries during the decade

Joined the Social Democratic Party of America

Elected to the WI State Assembly and served as Speaker of the Assembly for the 1926 term

1930s A member of the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin during the 1930s

Was a long-time leader of the American Society of Equity, a farmers' rights organization, serving as President of the Wisconsin Section from 1922 to 1931

Active in the Farm Holiday Association, elected as a Vice President in 1936

1934 Socialist Party candidate for Governor WI, lost

1936 Socialist Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Norman Thomas, lost.  With party leader Norman Thomas from New York state heading the ticket and making his traditional appeal to young and educated Americans, the selection of the Midwestern farmer Nelson was clearly intended as a calculated attempt at ticket balancing, a signal that the Socialist Party was ready to seriously join the growing movement for a Farmer-Labor party in America.

1938 Candidate for Lieutenant Governor WI of the Farmer-Labor Progressive Federation, lost

1944 After Farmer-Labor Progressive Federation ended in 1941, was again Socialist Party candidate for Governor WI, lost

Earl Browder KS Communist Party USA

1907 Joined Socialist Party of America in Wichita and remained in that organization until the party split of 1912

Joined AF of L union of his trade, the Bookkeepers, Stenographers and Accountants union

1919 Helped start a radical newspaper, The Workers World, with Browder serving as the first editor

1920 Joined United Communist Party (UCP), as well as the fledgling Trade Union Educational League (TUEL). Became managing editor of the monthly magazine of TUEL, The Labor Herald.

1921 Delegate to an international confederation of Communist trade unions in Moscow, the Red International of Labor Unions (RILU, or "Profintern") organized by Communist International (Cominterm)

Throughout early 1920s, worked with others closely in the TUEL, trying to win over the support of the Chicago Federation of Labor in the establishment of a new mass Farmer-Labor Party that would be able to challenge the electoral hegemony of the Republican and Democratic parties

1928 Went to China and worked on behalf of RILU's Pan Pacific Trade Union Secretariat, a Comintern organization engaged in clandestine labor organizing

1929 Dispatched to Vladivostok to attend the final formal gathering of RILU's Pan Pacific Trade Union Secretariat

1929 Deferred from the position of party Secretary, not feeling himself sufficiently acclimated to the political situation in the CPUSA

1929 Became part of a three member CPUSA Secretariat as head of the party's Agitation and Propaganda department

1933-1945 General Secretary Communist Party USA

1936 Communist Party USA candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

James W Ford NY Communist Party USA candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1932

D Leigh Colvin NY Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1920

Claude A Watson CA Prohibition Party

Lawyer, businessman, minister

A certified pilot, was the first American candidate for President or Vice President in history to fly his own airplane and flew over 16,000 miles campaigning

1936 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with D Leigh Colvin, lost

1944 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1948 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

John W Aiken CT Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1932

Emil F Teichert NY Socialist Labor Party

1932 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1934 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1936 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John W Aiken, lost

1944 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1948 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

[Lincoln Republican]

1940

Franklin D Roosevelt NY Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1932

Henry A Wallace IA  Republican until 1936, Democratic 1936–1947, Progressive/American Labor 1947–1950

=====
Son of Henry C Wallace, a Republican, Secretary of Agriculture 1921–1924 under Presidents Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge
=====

1910 Graduated from Iowa State College at Ames, Iowa with a bachelor's degree in animal husbandry

Worked on editorial staff of the family owned paper Wallaces' Farmer in Des Moines, Iowa from 1910 to 1924 and took the role of chief editor from 1924 to 1929

1912 Supported Progressive Party candidate Theodore Roosevelt for President U.S.

1915 Devised the first corn-hog ratio charts indicating the probable course of markets. Was also a practicing statistician, writing an influential article with the pioneering statistician George W Snedecor of Iowa State University on computational methods for correlations and regressions and publishing sophisticated statistical studies in the pages of Wallaces’ Farmer. Snedecor invited Wallace to teach a graduate course on least squares. It was Wallace, more than any other individual, who introduced econometrics, a form of statistical analysis used by economists, to the field of agriculture.

1926 With the help of a small inheritance that had been left to his wife, along with a group of Des Moines, Iowa businessmen, Wallace founded the highly successful Hi-Bred Corn Company, which made him a wealthy man. The company later became Pioneer Hi-Bred, a major agriculture corporation. It was acquired in 1999 by the DuPont Corporation for approximately $10 billion.

Mar 4 1933-Sep 4 1940 U.S. Secretary of Agriculture under Franklin D Roosevelt

1940 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Franklin D Roosevelt, won

Jan 20 1941-Jan 20 1945 33rd Vice President U.S. under Franklin D Roosevelt

1941 Named by President Roosevelt as chairman of the Board of Economic Warfare (BEW) and of the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board (SPAB). Both positions became important with the U.S. entry into World War II.

1944 After controversial visit to Soviet Union and his public feud with Jesse H Jones, U..S. Secretary of Commerce, and other high government officials, President Roosevelt stripped Wallace of his war agency responsibilities and began to entertain the idea of replacing Wallace as Vice Presidential candidate on the Democratic Party Presidential ticket for 1944

1944 Dropped from the Democratic Party Presidential ticket as the nominee for Vice President U.S. by President Roosevelt, replaced as Vice Presidential nominee by U.S. Senator from Missouri Harry Truman. Wallace had missed becoming the 33rd President of the United States by just 82 days.
 
Mar 2 1945–Sep 20 1946 U.S. Secretary of Commerce under President Roosevelt and President Truman. Fired from cabinet by President Truman.

As of 2015, Wallace is the last former Vice President to have served in a President's cabinet

1946-1948 Following his term as Secretary of Commerce became the editor of The New Republic magazine

1948 Progressive Party/American Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman,  Thomas E Dewey, Strom Thurmond

1952 Wallace published Where I Was Wrong, in which he explained that his seemingly trusting stance toward the Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin stemmed from inadequate information about Stalin's crimes, and that he now considered himself an anti-Communist

1956 Advocated the reelection of Republican President Dwight D Eisenhower

1960 Supported Republican candidate Vice President Richard Nixon for President  

1961 President-elect John F Kennedy invited Wallace to his inauguration ceremony, even though he had supported Kennedy's opponent, Richard Nixon

Second Lady of the United States Ilo Wallace 1941-1945

Attended Monmouth College with the class of 1911.

[Lincoln Republican]

1940 Continued

Wendell Willkie NY Democratic until 1939, Republican 1939-1944

=====
Father of Philip Willkie, Alternate Delegate to Republican National Conventions 1948 and 1960.  Served three two-year terms as a member of the Indiana State House of Representatives 1949-1954.  In 1960, he was briefly considered by Republican Presidential nominee, Richard  Nixon, as his Vice Presidential running mate, but the selection went instead to Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr, of Massachusetts.
=====

1913 Earned BA from Indiana University

Taught history for a year in Coffeyville, Kansas

1916 Earned LLB from Indiana University School of Law

1917 World War I, enlisted in U.S. Army

Received a commission as a First Lieutenant and trained to be an artillery officer. Arrived in France just as the war ended. Since he was a lawyer, he was assigned to the American headquarters in Paris to assist in military trials.

After discharge, worked as a corporate lawyer for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio

Became active in Akron Democratic Party

1924 Delegate to Democratic National Convention

1929 Became a legal counsel for the New York-based Commonwealth & Southern Corporation, which provided electrical power to customers in eleven states

1932 Delegate to Democratic National Convention. Initially backed former Secretary of War Newton D Baker for Presidential nomination, but when Franklin D Roosevelt was chosen, supported him and contributed money to his campaign.

1933 Became President of Commonwealth & Southern Corporation

1933 Testified against the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) legislation before the Military Affairs Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives

1938 Made a highly publicized appearance on the popular Town Hall nationwide radio program, where he debated the merits of the private-enterprise system with Robert H Jackson. Jackson was Roosevelt's Solicitor General and a possible 1940 Democratic Presidential candidate. Most listeners felt that Willkie won the debate, and many liberal Republicans began to view him as a possible Presidential candidate.

Late 1939 Formally switched political parties from Democratic to Republican and began making speeches opposing aspects of the New Deal

1940 Won Republican Party nomination for President U.S. as a dark horse candidate, lost election to Franklin D Roosevelt

After the election, Willkie became a fervent internationalist and an unlikely ally of Roosevelt supporting initiatives such as Lend-Lease, and campaigned against isolationism

As well after the election, as nominal leader of the Republican Party, gave the President his full support. This angered many conservatives, especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes.

Willkie and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming, after the war, a liberal political party, but Willkie died in Oct 1944 before the idea could bear fruit. Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance, which allowed the President to aid Britain in its time of crisis.

Jan 19 1941, the evening before Roosevelt's third swearing-in, the President asked Willkie to be his informal personal representative to Britain, and Willkie accepted

1941, 1942 As Roosevelt's personal representative, traveled to Britain and the Middle East in late 1941, and to the Soviet Union and China in 1942
 
1941 Joined with Eleanor Roosevelt to found Freedom House

1941 Joined the law firm of Miller, Boston, and Owen in New York City, and shortly thereafter the firm changed its name to Willkie, Owen, Otis, Farr, and Gallagher. It is now Willkie, Farr, & Gallagher

Jul 23 1941 Urged unlimited aid to Britain

1942 Spoke often of the need to uplift blacks and addressed a convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), one of the most prominent politicians to do so up to that time

1943 Published One World, a book for popular audiences in which he recounted his world travels on the Gulliver and urged that America accept some form of "world government" after the war

1944 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Tomas E Dewey

Charles McNary OR Republican

1888 Met Herbert Hoover, a future U.S. President, who moved to Salem, OR in 1888

For a short time attended Capital Business College

After leaving that school, enrolled in college preparatory classes at Willamette University, with an eye towards attending Stanford University or the University of California

1896 Moved to California to attend Stanford, where he studied law, economics, science, history

1897 Left Stanford and returned to Oregon

In Salem read law passed the bar in 1898

Later worked in the county recorder's office for his brother John McNary, who had been elected as county recorder in 1890

1892-1896 Held first public office as Marion County's deputy recorder

1899 Began teaching property law at Willamette University College of Law

1904 Managed his brother John McNary's successful campaign for District Attorney for the third judicial district of Oregon

1904-1911 Deputy Recorder Marion County, OR, appointed by his brother John McNary

1908-1913 Dean Willamette University Colllege of Law

1909-1911 President Salem Board of Trade

1909 Helped organize the Salem Fruit Union, an agricultural association

1910 Special legal counsel to Oregon's Railroad Commission, appointed by Oregon Democratic Governor Oswald West

McNary maintained friendly relations with both progressive and conservative factions of the Oregon Republicans as well as with Governor West

1913-1915 Associate Justice Oregon Supreme Court, appointed by Governor West, to fill a new position created by the legislature's expansion of the court from five justices to seven

1914 Filed to run for a full six-year term on the bench. At that time the office was partisan, and McNary lost the Republican primary by a single vote to Henry L Benson after several recounts and the discovery of uncounted ballots.

1916-1918 After a close multi-ballot contest among several contenders, the Republican State Committee members elected McNary to be their chairperson. He was seen as someone who could unify the progressive and conservative wings of the party in Oregon.

1916 As Chairman of Oregon's Republican Party, McNary campaigned to get Republican Presidential nominee Charles Evans Hughes elected in the November 1916 general election. Hughes carried Oregon.

May 29 1917 When U.S. Senator Harry Lane died in office on May 23, 1917, appointed by Oregon Governor Withycombe to fill the unexpired term

May 29 1917-Nov 5 1918 U.S. Senate OR

1918 Resigned as Chairman Oregon Republican Party to seek full term in U.S. Senate for OR, winning the Republican primary and the election, defeating former Governor Oswald West in the election

Dec 18 1918-Feb 25 1944 U.S. Senate OR, died in office

Mar 4 1933-Jan 3 1940 U.S. Senate Minority Leader

Mar 4 1933-Feb 25 1944 Chair U.S. Senate Republican Conference

1940 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Wendell Willkie, lost

Jan 3 1941-Feb 25 1944 U.S. Senate Minority Leader

[Lincoln Republican]

1940 Continued

Norman Thomas NY Socialist Party of America See 1928

Maynard C Krueger IL Socialist Party of America

University of Missouri, received a Bachelor of Arts degree 1926 and a Master's degree 1927

1928-1932 Instructor University of Pennsylvania, also spent time at Universities of Berlin, Paris, Geneva

1932 Accepted a position at the University of Chicago as an Assistant Professor, initially lecturing in Sociology. Soon moving to the Economics Department, became an Associate Professor in 1947, a full Professor in 1965, and Emeritus in 1977. He gained a measure of public recognition during the 1930s as a frequent participant in the University of Chicago's regular Round Table radio broadcasts.

1930s Involved with many left-wing organizations such as the Socialist Party of America and the Chicago Workers Committee on Unemployment.

During the election campaign of 1932,  served as the National Director of Research for the Socialist Party

Active in the trade union movement, serving three times as a vice president of the American Federation of Teachers during the decade of the 1930s

Active in the Chicago Federation of Labor during 1936 and 1937

During the Socialist Party's faction fight of the 1930s, was an active member of the so-called "Militant" faction of young Marxists who sought to turn the SP to the left

August 1933, Delegate at the Socialist International Congress at Paris, where he advocated arming the proletariat

1940 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Norman Thomas, lost

Although Krueger was 34 at the time of the November 1940 election, younger than the constitutional age of 35 for someone seeking to be in line for the U.S. Presidency, he was able to point out that by Inauguration Day on January 20, 1941, he would be 35 years and 4 days old.

On the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party for many years, serving as the SP's National Chairman from 1942 to 1946

1948 Ran as an Independent candidate for U.S. House of Representatives IL, lost

1958 Won the University of Chicago's Quantrell Award, believed to be the nation's oldest prize for undergraduate teaching

Roger Babson MA Prohibition Party

Entrepreneur, Businessman, Economist, Writer, Philanthropist

Attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology and worked for investment firms before founding, in 1904, Babson's Statistical Organization, which analyzed stocks and business reports. It continues today as Babson-United, Inc.

1940 Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

Edgar Moorman IL Prohibition Party

Businessman

He and his 1940 running mate, Roger Babson, were especially influential in moving the philosophical basis of the Prohibition Party from pragmatic Christian Progressivism to hard-right doctrinal Christian fundamentalism

1940 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Roger Babson, lost

Earl Browder KS Communist Party USA See 1936

James W Ford NY Communist Party USA See 1932

John W Aiken CT Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1932

Aaron M Orange NY Socialist Labor Party

1933 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Mayor New York City, N.Y., lost

1934 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Governor New York, lost
 
1935 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Justice New York Supreme Court 1st District, lost

1937 Industrial Government candidate for delegate to New York state constitutional convention at-large, lost

1938 Industrial Government candidate for Governor New York, lost  

1940 Socialist Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with John W Aiken, lost

[Lincoln Republican]

1944

Franklin D Roosevelt NY Democratic Party candidate for President U.S. See 1932

Harry Truman MO Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1948

Thomas E Dewey NY Republican

=====
Father of Thomas E Dewey Jr, Board of Trustees at The Scripps Research Institute, has served Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, as an active Trustee since 1959 and Chairman Emeritus since 1993, Vice Chairman New York City Housing Development Corporation 1972-1989
=====
1923 Graduated from University of Michigan with a B.A. degree

1925 Graduated from Columbia University Law School with an LL.B degree

1926 Admitted to New York bar

Dewey was a lifelong Republican, and in the 1920s and 1930s he was a Republican Party worker in New York City, eventually rising to become Chair of the New York Young Republican Club

First served as a federal prosecutor, then started a lucrative private law practice on Wall Street in New York City

1931-1933 Chief Assistant to U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York

1933 Acting U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York

1934-1935 Special Assistant to U.S. Attorney General Democrat Homer Stille Cummings

1935-1937 Special Prosecutor for a grand jury investigation of vice and racketeering in New York City, appointed by New York Democratic Governor Herbert H Lehman

In this assignment and in his next assignment, he gained national prominence as a crusading prosecutor

Jan 1 1938-Dec 31 1941 District Attorney New York County (Manhattan)

1938 Republican Party candidate for Governor NY, losing to Democratic incumbent, Herbert H Lehman

Dewey was only very narrowly defeated, but his surprisingly strong showing brought him national political attention and made him a frontrunner for the 1940 Republican Presidential nomination

1940 Candidate for Republican Party nomination for President U.S., lost to Wendell Willkie

1942 Republican Party candidate for Governor NY, elected  

1944 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1946 Republican Party candidate for reelection Governor NY, reelected

1948 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

1950 Republican Party candidate for reelection Governor NY, reelected
 
In total Jan 1 1943-Dec 31 1954 Governor NY

1952 Dewey did not run again for President but he played a major role in securing the Republican Presidential nomination for General Dwight Eisenhower

1952 Dewey played a major role in helping California Senator Richard Nixon become Eisenhower's Vice Presidential running mate

1952 When Eisenhower won the Presidency later that year, many of Dewey's closest aides and advisors became leading figures in the Eisenhower Administration. Among them were Herbert Brownell, who would become Eisenhower's Attorney General, James Hagerty, who would become White House Press Secretary, and John Foster Dulles, who would become Eisenhower's Secretary of State.

1954 Dewey's third term as Governor NY expired at the end of that  year, after which he retired from public service and returned to his law practice, Dewey Ballantine, although he remained a power broker behind the scenes in the Republican Party

1956 When Eisenhower mulled not running for a second term, he suggested Dewey as his choice as successor, but party leaders made it plain that they would not entrust the nomination to Dewey yet again, and ultimately Eisenhower decided to run for re-election

1956 Dewey played a major role in convincing Eisenhower to keep Vice President Richard Nixon as his Vice Presidential running mate
 
1960 Dewey strongly supported Republican Richard Nixon's ultimately unsuccessful Presidential campaign against Democratic Senator John F Kennedy

By the 1960s, as the conservative wing assumed more and more power within the Republican Party, Dewey removed himself further and further from party matters. When the Republicans in 1964 gave Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona, Taft's successor as the conservative leader, their Presidential nomination, Dewey declined to even attend the GOP Convention in San Francisco. It was the first Republican Convention he had missed since 1936.

In the mid 1960s President Lyndon Johnson offered Dewey a number of positions on several blue ribbon commissions, especially a national crime commission, which Johnson wanted Dewey to chair, as well as a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court, but Dewey declined them all, for he preferred to remain in political retirement and concentrate on his highly profitable law firm. By the early 1960s Dewey's law practice had made him a multimillionaire.

Although closely identified with the Republican Party for virtually his entire adult life, Dewey was a close friend of Democratic Senator Hubert H Humphrey. Dewey aided Humphrey in being named as the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1964, advising Lyndon Johnson on ways to block efforts at the party convention by Kennedy loyalists to stampede Robert Kennedy onto the ticket as Johnson's running mate.

After Richard Nixon won the Presidency in 1968, there were rumors that Dewey would be offered a cabinet position, or a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court. However, Dewey declined all offers to return to government service.

John W Bricker OH Republican

Attended Ohio State University, member of the debating team

1916 Graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Ohio State University

1917-1918 During World War I, served as First Lieutenant and chaplain in the United States Army

1920 Graduated from Ohio State University law school

1920 Admitted to Ohio bar

1920 Began legal practice in Columbus, OH

1920-1928 Solicitor for Grandview Heights, OH

1923-1927 Assistant Attorney General OH
 
1929-1932 A member of the Public Utilities Commission OH

1933-1937 Attorney General OH

Jan 9 1939-Jan 8 1945 Governor OH

1944 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Thomas E Dewey, lost

Jan 3 1947-Jan 3 1959 U.S. Senate OH

1958 Lost bid for re-election to U.S. Senate OH

In 1945, Bricker founded the Columbus law firm now known as Bricker & Eckler. The firm now has additional offices in Cleveland and West Chester, Ohio. The West Chester office serves the cities of Cincinnati and Dayton. "Bricker" is now one of the ten largest law firms in the state of Ohio.

After leaving the U.S. Senate, Bricker resumed the practice of law

Bricker Hall on the Ohio State University campus is named for him. The building currently serves as the home of many of the university administrative units, including the Office of the Board of Trustees and the office of the university President. Bricker was a member of the OSU Board of Trustees from 1948 to 1969.

[Lincoln Republican]

1944 Continued

Norman Thomas NY Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1928

Darlington Hoopes PA Socialist Party of America, Socialist Party USA

While attending high school became a Christian Socialist

Began his studies at the University of Wisconsin, majoring in agriculture. Only completed one year at the University before being called back to work on his parents' new farm in Pennsylvania.

Changed his career goals and decided to study the law on his own, taking correspondence courses in public speaking and law from the socialist school People's College at Fort Scott, Kansas, as well as studying during the evening for a five-year period at a law office in Norristown, Pennsylvania. Passed his final Pennsylvania Bar Exam in 1921. Practiced law in Norristown from 1921 to 1927

1914 Visited the Madison office of the Socialist Party in October 1914 and joined the party

From 1923 Served as Executive Secretary and Treasurer of Socialist Party of Pennsylvania. Was also a member of the Pennsylvania state grange.

1927 Relocated to Reading, PA following the victory of the Socialist Party there in the November elections. In that election J. Henry Stump won the first of his three terms as Mayor of Reading, and saw the majority of Reading City Council won by members of the Socialist Party.

1928 Hired as an assistant city solicitor by the Stump Administration

1929 Socialist candidate for judge in Berks County (county of the city of Reading), lost

1930-1936 Socialist member PA State House of Representatives

For his work on outlawing child labor in Pennsylvania, Hoopes was voted as the "most able legislator" by Pennsylvania journalists

Served as Chairman of Socialist Party of America

1944 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Norman Thomas, lost

1952 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1956 Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1973 Joined the reconstituted Socialist Party USA

The 1956 election would be the last Presidential election the Socialist Party contested until after it broke into three groups in 1972-1973. In 1973 Hoopes joined the reconstituted Socialist Party USA, which resumed fielding Presidential candidates and remains a small third party.

Claude A Watson CA Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1936

Andrew N Johnson KY Prohibition Party

Methodist Minister
 
An ardent advocate for prohibition

1944 Prohibition Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Claude A Watson, lost

The party, meeting in Indianapolis Nov 1943 originally named Floyd C. Carrier as its Vice Presidential candidate. At the time of the nomination, Carrier was serving as General Secretary for the American Temperance Society. He subsequently dropped out of the campaign due to health problems. Johnson was added by the party's executive committee to replace him.

Edward A Teichert PA Socialist Labor Party  

1944 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Franklin D Roosevelt

1948 Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

1956 Socialist Labor candidate for Presidential Elector for Pennsylvania

Arla A Albaugh OH Socialist Labor Party

1944 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Edward A Teichert, lost

1946 Socialist Labor candidate Governor OH, lost

1962 Socialist Labor candidate U.S. Senate PA, lost

1964 Socialist Labor candidate PA State Auditor General, lost

The Texas Regulars  

The Texas Regulars was a group based in Texas which was formed in 1944 to deny Franklin D. Roosevelt a majority of the Electoral College in the 1944 Presidential election.

By the 1940s, Texas conservative Democrats were irritated with Roosevelt and his New Deal and they were also unhappy about the Supreme Court striking down the segregated primary in Smith v. Allwright. They planned to gain control of the nominating convention and select a slate of electors who would not vote for Roosevelt. Texas Regulars supporters included Congressman Martin Dies Jr., former Texas governor Dan Moody, and Senator W. Lee O'Daniel.

The Texas Regulars won the first convention, but they then lost the second convention. This led them to form their own ticket which did not field a candidate. On election day, they finished third both in Texas and in the national popular vote, with 135,439 votes (0.3% of the vote nationally, and 11.8% of the vote in Texas). They won a majority in only Washington County, Texas. Roosevelt easily carried Texas with 71.4% of the statewide vote and won national re-election with 432 of 531 Electoral Votes.

The Texas Regulars disbanded soon afterward, but many of them went on to support the Dixiecrat candidacy of Strom Thurmond in 1948.

[Lincoln Republican]

1948

Harry Truman MO Democratic
=====
Harry Truman is a very distant cousin of both Dick Cheney and Barack Obama. The three of them share a common ancestor in Mareen Duvall, a Huguenot, who fled from France to England in the 17th century in order to escape religious persecution. Duvall later settled in Maryland.

Father of Margaret Truman (married name Margaret Truman Daniel)

Among other things, Margaret Truman was an author, and wrote extensively about the Truman family

Non fiction books written by Margaret Truman:

Souvenir, Margaret Truman's Own Story 1956  
White House Pets 1969  
Harry S Truman 1973  
Women of Courage 1976  
Letters From Father: The Truman Family's Personal Correspondence 1981  
Bess W Truman 1986  
Where The Buck Stops: The Personal and Private Writings of Harry S Truman 1989  
First Ladies 1995  
The Life of a White House Girl 2003
The President's House: 1800 to the Present 2004  

Grandfather of Clifton Truman Daniel

Was the Director of Public Relations for Truman College, one of the seven City Colleges of Chicago

Is the honorary chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Harry S Truman Library Institute in Independence, Missouri

Is the author of the 1995 book, Growing Up With My Grandfather: Memories of Harry S Truman, and the 2012 book, Dear Harry, Love Bess: Bess Truman’s Letters to Harry Truman, 1919–1943

Visited Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 2012, the sites where his grandfather, President Harry Truman, had ordered the only use of atomic bombs for warfare in history
-----
1900 At age 16 was a page at the Democratic National Convention at Convention Hall in Kansas City, MO

Truman is the most recent U.S. President to not have earned a college degree. When his high school friends went off to the state university in 1901, Truman enrolled in Spalding's Commercial College, a Kansas City business school, but only remained a semester. In 1923–1925 he took night courses towards a law degree at the Kansas City Law School, now the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law, but dropped out after losing his government job.

1905-1911 Missouri Army National Guard in a Kansas City based artillery battery

1917-1919 World War I, post World War I, U.S. Army, achieved rank of Major

1920-1953 U.S. Army Reserve, achieved rank of Colonel

1922 Elected a Judge of the County Court of the eastern district of Jackson County, an administrative, not judicial, position similar to county commissioners elsewhere

1924 Was not re-elected as Judge of the County Court

1926 Elected the Presiding Judge for the County Court

1927-1935 Presiding Judge Jackson County MO

1930 Re-elected the Presiding Judge for the County Court

1933 Named Missouri's director for the Federal Re-Employment program, part of the Civil Works Administration, at the request of Postmaster General James Farley

After serving as Judge, wanted to run for Governor or U.S. House of Representatives or thought that he would serve out his career in some well paying sinecure at the county level, but ran successfully for U.S. Senate

Jan 3 1935-Jan 17 1945 U.S. Senate MO

1944 Chosen at Democratic National Convention as Vice Presidential nominee replacing Vice President Henry A Wallace

Jan 20 1945–Apr 12 1945 34th Vice President U.S. under Franklin D Roosevelt who died Apr 12 1945
  
Apr 12 1945–Jan 20 1953 33rd President U.S.

Jul 17 1945-Aug 22 1945 President Harry Truman attended The Potsdam Conference, held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm, in Potsdam, occupied Germany. In some older documents it is also referred to as the Berlin Conference. Participants were the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. The three powers were represented by President Harry Truman, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and, later, Prime Minister Clement Atlee, and Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin. Atlee participated alongside Churchill while awaiting the outcome of the 1945 general election, and then replaced Churchill as Prime Minister after the Labour Party's defeat of the Conservatives.

The leaders gathered to decide how to administer the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier, on May 8 1945, V-E Day. The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.

1948 Acknowledging General Dwight Eisenhower's immense popularity, Truman privately proposed to Eisenhower that they run together on the Democratic ticket in 1948—with Truman as the Vice Presidential candidate. Eisenhower refused.

1948 Democratic Party candidate for President U.S., elected

At the time of the 1952 New Hampshire primary, no candidate had won Truman's backing. His first choice, Chief Justice Fred M Vinson, had declined to run, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson had also turned Truman down, Vice President Barkley was considered too old, and Truman distrusted and disliked Senator Kefauver. Truman had hoped to recruit General Eisenhower as a Democratic candidate, but found him more interested in seeking the Republican nomination. Accordingly, Truman let his name be entered in the New Hampshire primary by supporters. The highly unpopular Truman was handily defeated by Kefauver. Eighteen days later the President announced he would not seek a second full term. Truman was eventually able to persuade Stevenson to run, and the Governor gained the nomination at the 1952 Democratic National Convention.

Truman supported Adlai Stevenson's second bid for the White House in 1956, although he had initially favored Democratic Governor W Averell Harriman of New York. He continued to campaign for Democratic Senatorial candidates for many years. Upon turning 80 in 1964, Truman was feted in Washington, and addressed the Senate, availing himself of a new rule that allowed former Presidents to be granted privilege of the floor. In 1965, President Lyndon B Johnson signed the Medicare bill at the Harry S Truman Library & Museum and gave the first two Medicare cards to Truman and his wife Bess to honor the former President's fight for government health care while in office.

Second Lady of the United States Bess Truman 1945

First Lady of the United States Bess Truman 1945-1953

Studied at Miss Barstow's Finishing School for Girls in Kansas City, Missouri.

As First Lady, served as Honorary President of the Girl Scouts, the Women's National Democratic Club, and the Washington Animal Rescue League. She was Honorary Chairman of the American Red Cross.

When President Lyndon Johnson signed Medicare into law in 1965, the Trumans were the first senior citizens to receive Medicare cards, presented to them by Johnson at the Truman Library.


Alben W Barkley KY Democratic

1897 Earned Bachelor of Arts degree from Marvin College, Clinton, KY.  Was active in debating society.

After graduation went to Emory College, now part of Emory University, Oxford, GA. 1897–1898 academic year, was active in debating society. Could not afford to continue his education and returned to Clinton after spring semester.

Took a job teaching at Marvin College

Resigned Dec 1898 to move with his parents to Paducah, KY

Worked as a law clerk for Charles K Wheeler, an attorney and Democratic Congressman

After two months, accepted an offer to clerk for William S Bishop and former Democratic Congressman John Kerr Hendrick

Read law while completing his duties and was admitted to the bar in 1901

Practiced law in Paducah where a friend of Hendrick's appointed him reporter of the circuit court

Continued studying law in the summer of 1902 at the University of Virginia School of Law

1906 Took office as County Attorney of McCracken County

Chosen President of the State Association of County Attorneys

1907 During the gubernatorial election, was the Democratic county spokesman

1908 Backed William Jennings Bryan in the Presidential election

1909 County Judge McCracken County

1909 Appointed to a three-man commission to investigate county losses

1910 Member County Fiscal Court

Mar 4 1913–Mar 3 1927 U.S. House of Representatives KY

1920 Supported William Gibbs McAdoo for President at Democratic National Convention

1923 Ran for Democratic nomination for Governor KY, lost primary

1924 Again supported William Gibbs McAdoo for President at Democratic National Convention

Mar 4 1927-Jan 19 1949 U.S. Senate KY

1928 Assigned by Vice President Charles G Dawes to a special committee to investigate the campaign expenditures of the leading candidates in the upcoming Presidential election

1928 Considered as a possible Democratic candidate for Vice President, nomination went to Senator Joseph T Robinson of Arkansas

1932 Supported Franklin D Roosevelt for Democratic Presidential nomination

1932 Roosevelt supporters offered Barkley the keynote address and temporary chairmanship of the 1932 Democratic National Convention if he would endorse their candidate

1936 Again keynote speaker at Democratic National Convention

Jul 14 1937-Jan 3 1947 U.S. Senate Majority Leader

Jan 3 1947-Jan 3 1949 U.S. Senate Minority Leader

1948 Keynote speaker at Democratic National Convention, filling this role for an unprecedented third time

1948 Democratic Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Harry Truman, won

Truman's first choice for his running mate for Vice President U.S. was Supreme Court Justice William O Douglas, hoping that it might make the ticket more appealing to liberals. Douglas refused. Truman then selected Senator Barkley, with this nomination being made by acclamation.

Jan 20 1949-Jan 20 1953 35th Vice President U.S. under Harry Truman

May 1952 Announced candidacy for Democratic Presidential nomination.  Withdrew candidacy Jul 1952.

Jan 3 1955-Apr 30 1956 U.S. Senate KY, died in office

Second Lady of the United States Jane Barkley 1949—1953

Was vacant when Alben W Barkley  became Vice President as he was a widower, remarried, and his wife, Elizabeth Jane Barkley, (née Rucker, formerly Hadley), became Second Lady of the United States 1949-1953.  She was commonly known as Jane Barkley.
 
Attended Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri,.

[Lincoln Republican]

1948 Continued

Thomas E Dewey NY Republican Party candidate for President U.S. See 1944

Earl Warren CA Republican

1912 Graduated from University of California, Berkeley, with a B.A. in Legal Studies

1914 Graduated from University of California, Berkeley, School of Law with an LL.B.

1914 Admitted to California bar

Was strongly influenced by Hiram Johnson and other leaders of the Progressive Era to oppose corruption and promote democracy

1917-1918 1st Lieutenant U.S. Army during World War I

After 1919 Was very active in such groups as the Freemasonry, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Loyal Order of Moose (obtained the Pilgrim Degree of Merit, the highest award given in the fraternity) and the American Legion. Each one introduced Warren to new friends and political connections. He rose through the ranks in the Masons, culminating in his election in 1935 as the Grand Master of the Freemasons for the state of California.

1919-1920 Served as a clerk of the Judicial Committee for the 1919 Session of the California State Assembly
 
1920-1925 Deputy City Attorney of Oakland

1925 Appointed District Attorney Alameda County, re-elected to three four year terms

1925-1939 District Attorney Alameda County

1932-1934 Chair of California Republican Party

1936 California favorite son candidate for Republican Party Presidential nomination, won California Republican primary, nomination won by Kansas Governor Alf Landon

1938 Won the primaries for Attorney General CA in all major parties, thanks to a system called "cross filing," and was elected without serious opposition

Jan 3 1939-Jan 4 1943 Attorney General CA
    
Thanks to cross filing, won all the 1946 primaries for Governor CA and was nominated as a candidate by both the Republican and Democratic parties, the only California Governor to have done so. He was re-elected with over 90% of the vote against minor candidates. He was elected to a third term, as a Republican, in 1950 becoming the first person elected Governor of California three times. Warren is the only person who has been sent to office in three consecutive California gubernatorial elections. An amendment passed in 1990 sets a limit of two terms for Governor of California.

Jan 4 1943-Oct 5 1953 Governor CA

1944 Keynote Speaker at Republican National Convention

1948 Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Thomas E Dewey, lost

1952 Stood as a "favorite son" candidate of California for the Republican nomination for President U.S., hoping to be a power broker in a convention that might be deadlocked. But Warren had to head off a revolt by Senator Richard Nixon, who supported General Dwight D Eisenhower. Eisenhower and Nixon were nominated, and the bad blood between Warren and Nixon was apparent.

Eisenhower offered, and Warren accepted, the post of Solicitor General of the United States, with the promise of a seat on the Supreme Court of the United States when a vacancy occurred. But before it was announced, Chief Justice Fred M Vinson died suddenly in September 1953 and Eisenhower picked Warren to replace him as Chief Justice of the United States.

Oct 5 1953-Jun 23 1969 Chief Justice of the United States, nominated by President Dwight D Eisenhower

As Chief Justice, administered the oath of office to Presidents Dwight D Eisenhower, privately Jan 20 1957, publicly Jan 21 1957, John F Kennedy Jan 20 1961, Lyndon B Johnson Jan 20 1965, Richard  Nixon January 20 1969  

Nov 29 1963-Sep 24 1964 Headed the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission

[Lincoln Republican]

1948 Continued

Strom Thurmond SC Democratic 1946-1964, States Rights Democratic (Dixiecrat) 1948, Republican 1964-2003  

=====
Father of Paul Thurmond, Assistant Solicitor in Ninth Circuit Solicitor's Office, leaving the position in 2005. 2006 elected to Charleston County council.  2009 ran for U.S. House of Representatives  South Carolina, defeated in primary.  Elected to South Carolina State Senate 2012.
=====

1919-1923 Began military career when he was an R.O.T.C. cadet at Clemson College

1923 Graduated from Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina, now Clemson University, with a degree in horticulture

1929-1933 Edgefield County, SC Superintendent of Education

1930 After having studied law with his father as a legal apprentice was admitted to the South Carolina bar

1930-1938 Edgefield, SC Town and County Attorney

Jan 10 1933–Jan 14 1938 South Carolina State Senate

1938-1942 Eleventh Circuit Judge

1942 Resigned from the bench as Eleventh Circuit Judge to serve in the U.S. Army

Enlisted in the Army on Dec 11 1941. However, did not actually enter the service until Apr 17 1942.

1942-1945 United States Army, reaching rank of Lieutenant Colonel, World War II

1945-1963 United States Army Reserves

Jan 21 1947-Jan 16 1951 Governor SC

1948 Candidate for President U.S. on the ticket of the States Rights Democratic Party, also known as the Dixiecrats, lost to Harry Truman, Thomas E Dewey

1950 Constitutionally barred from seeking a second term as Governor, mounted a Democratic primary challenge for U.S. Senate SC, lost primary election

1952 Endorsed Republican Presidential nominee General Dwight Eisenhower for the Presidency, rather than the Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson. State Democratic Party leaders blocked Thurmond from receiving the nomination to the U.S. Senate in 1954, and he ran as a write-in candidate.

1953-1954 Vice President Reserve Officers Association

1954–1955 President Reserve Officers Association

1954 Incumbent U.S. Senator Burnet Rhett Maybank was unopposed for re-election in 1954 but died Sep 1 of that year, two months before election day. Democratic leaders hurriedly appointed  State Senator Edgar Allan Brown as the party's nominee. Opponents widely criticized the party's failure to elect a candidate by a primary vote, and Thurmond announced that he would mount a write-in campaign.

Thurmond campaigned on the pledge that if he won, he would resign in 1956 to force a primary election which could be contested. Thurmond won overwhelmingly, becoming the first person to be elected to the U.S. Senate as a write-in candidate against ballot-listed opponents. In 1956, Thurmond resigned to run in the party primary, which he won.

1956 Endorsed Republican Presidential nominee President Dwight Eisenhower for the Presidency, rather than the Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson

Nov 7 1956-Jan 3 2003 U.S. Senate SC

1957-1958 President Military Government Association

Retired from the United States Army Reserves with the rank of Major General

1964 Switched his party affiliation to the Republican Party (GOP), which was seeking to revive its presence in the South by appealing to conservative voters

Jan 3 1981-Jan 3 1987 President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate

Jan 3 1995-Jan 3 2001 President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate

Jan 20 2001-Jun 6 2001 President Pro Tempore U.S. Senate

Jun 6 2001-Jan 3 2003 1st President Pro Tempore Emeritus U.S. Senate

Fielding Wright MS Democratic 1928-1948, States Rights Democratic (Dixiecrat) 1948, Democratic 1948-1956

=====
Through his mother, Frances Foote (Clements), he was a direct descendant of Fielding Lewis and his wife, Betty Washington Lewis, a sister of George Washington
=====

Studied law at University of Alabama, earning a law degree

1916 Admitted to Alabama bar, went on to open a law office in Rolling Fork in partnership with his uncle

During World War I enlisted in the U.S. Army and served until 1919, when he was honorably discharged

Turned down several opportunities to run for public office

1928-1932 MS State Senate

1932-1940 MS State House of Representatives

Second term elected Speaker MS State  House of Representatives

Jan 18 1944-Nov 2 1946 Lieutenant Governor MS

As Lieutenant Governor was presiding officer of the MS State Senate, one of only two 20th century politicians to chair both houses of the legislature, Sam Lumpkin of Tupelo, MS, being the other
 
1946 Following the death in office of MS Governor Thomas L Bailey, Wright filled the remainder of term as Governor MS

1947 Elected Governor MS

Nov 2 1946-Jan 22 1952 Governor MS

1948 Candidate for Vice President U.S. on the ticket of the States Rights Democratic Party, also known as the Dixiecrats, with Strom Thurmond, lost

1955 Made one last attempt at running for Governor MS but was narrowly defeated in the 1955 Democratic primary. After that defeat, returned to practicing law full time.

[Lincoln Republican]

1948 Continued

Henry A Wallace IA Progressive Party/American Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1940

Glen H Taylor ID Democratic, Progressive Party/American Labor Party, Democratic

1935 Unsuccessfully attempted to organize a Farmer–Labor Party in Nevada and Montana

1938 Candidate in Democratic primary for U.S. House of Representatives ID, lost

1940 Ran for  U.S. Senate ID in a special election to fill the remaining term of a Senator who died in office, lost Democratic primary

1942 Ran again  for U.S. Senate ID, lost Democratic primary

1944 Ran for U.S. Senate ID for a third time, won Democratic primary, won Senate election

Jan 3 1945-Jan 3 1951 U.S. Senate ID
 
1948 Progressive Party/American Labor Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Henry A Wallace, lost

The nomination prompted an effort by conservatives within the Idaho Democratic Party to expel Taylor from its ranks, but was defeated

1950 Defeated in Democratic primary for reelection to U.S. Senate ID

1954 Democratic candidate for U.S. Senate ID, decisively beaten by Republican incumbent

1956 Sixth and final attempt for reelection to U.S. Senate ID, lost Democratic primary. Lost in general election as a write in candidate.

Norman Thomas NY Socialist Party of America candidate for President U.S. See 1924

Tucker P Smith MI Socialist Party of America

Graduated from the University of Missouri with a bachelor's degree and masters degree in political science

Economics Professor

A long time pacifist, and member of the Committee on Militarism in Education and the Fellowship of Reconciliation, both major pacifist organizations during and after World War I

1930 Socialist Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives MI, lost

1933-1937 Director of Brookwood Labor College

1948 Socialist Party of America candidate for Vice President U.S. with Norman Thomas, lost

Claude A Watson CA Prohibition Party candidate for President U.S. See 1936

Dale H Learn PA Prohibition Party

Nationally known as an outstanding churchman and speaker

Has been an active worker in the fight for prohibition and clean government during his entire adult life

A former trustee of the East Stroudsburg Teachers College

Involved in real estate and insurance business

1942 Prohibition Party candidate Governor PA, lost  

1946 Prohibition Party candidate U.S. Senate PA, lost

1948 Prohibition Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Claude A Watson, lost

Edward A Teichert PA Socialist Labor Party candidate for President U.S. See 1944

Stephen Emery NY Socialist Labor Party

1948 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Edward A Teichert, lost

1950 Industrial Government candidate U.S. Senate NY, lost

1952 Socialist Labor Party candidate Vice President U.S. with Eric Hass, lost

1954 Industrial Government candidate Lieutenant Governor NY, lost

1958 Socialist Labor Party candidate U.S. Senate NY, lost

1962 Socialist Labor Party candidate U.S. Senate NY, lost

Farrell Dobbs MN Republican, Socialist Workers Party

Trotskyist, trade unionist, politician, historian

1926 Was a conservative Republican

1928 Supported Herbert Hoover for President

Political viewpoint was changed during the Great Depression in the 1930s. Seeing the plight of workers in that situation, including himself, became politically radicalized to the left.

1933 Joined the Teamsters Union, and then the Communist League of America

Worked full time as a union organizer for awhile

Was influential in the Teamsters' shift from emphasis on local delivery work to over-the-road traffic, which keyed their great expansion towards becoming the largest union in the United States

1939 Worked for the new Socialist Workers Party (SWP)

1940 Met the Russian revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky when he visited Mexico shortly before Trotsky's death

Served as mentor and advisor to a young Jimmy Hoffa, while Hoffa was making his rise within the Teamsters, eventually becoming its President in 1957

1944-1945 For opposing World War II, he and other leaders of the SWP and the Minneapolis Teamsters were convicted of violating the Smith Act, which made it illegal to "conspire to advocate the violent overthrow of the United States Government." He served over a year in Federal Correctional Institution, Sandstone

Editor of the SWP's newspaper, The Militant

1948 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Harry Truman

1952 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1953-1972 National Secretary Socialist Workers Party

1956 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to Dwight D Eisenhower

1960 Went to Cuba to experience the revolutionary movement, and decided to fully support the Cuban Revolution and the leadership of Fidel Castro and Che Guevara

1960 Socialist Workers Party candidate for President U.S., lost to John F Kennedy

1972 Retired but remained in the SWP until his death in 1983

Grace Carlson MN Socialist Workers Party

Marxist politician

Had been a professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota

1940 Socialist Workers Party candidate for U.S. Senate MN, lost

1941 As a leading member of the Socialist Workers Party was imprisoned under the Smith Act together with many other SWP leaders for opposing the US involvement in World War II. After 16 month prison sentence, became an activist for better conditions for women prisoners.

1948 Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President U.S. with Farrell Dobbs, lost

1950 Socialist Workers Party candidate for U.S. House of Representatives MN, lost

1952 Left the SWP citing conflict with her Catholic beliefs

[Lincoln Republican]

1952

Dwight D Eisenhower 1952 home state NY, 1956 home state PA Republican

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Father of John Eisenhower, During Eisenhower's Presidency, served as Assistant Staff Secretary in the White House, on the Army's General Staff, and in the White House as assistant to General Andrew Goodpaster, in the administration of President Richard Nixon he served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium 1969-1971, President Nixon appointed him Chairman of the Interagency Classification Review Committee 1972, President Ford appointed him Chairman of the President's Advisory Committee on Refugees 1975

Grandfather of David Eisenhower, who is the husband of Richard Nixon's daughter Julie Nixon Eisenhower.  They have three children, Jennie Elizabeth Eisenhower, Alexander "Alex" Richard Eisenhower, and Melanie Catherine Eisenhower.  They also have three grandchildren, Kaia Marie Eisenhower, Chloe Cheslock, and Kaeden Brian Eisenhower.  These children and grandchildren are the only individuals to have had both a paternal ancestor and a maternal ancestor who held the office of President of the United States.

-A distant relative of James J "Jim" Eisenhower

-A member of the Democratic Party

-Government Career

-James served as former Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell's chief criminal justice advisor during Rendell's 2002 gubernatorial election. After Rendell's election, Eisenhower served on the Governor's Cabinet for Children and Families within the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare.

-In 2005, Rendell named him Chairman of the Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority, the inter-governmental body that regulates finances for the city of Philadelphia. During the governorship of Rendell, James also chaired the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency (PCCD), the commonwealth's lead agency for criminal justice, children delinquency prevention and the protection of victims of crime.

-Political Career

-James was the Democratic nominee for the 2000 Pennsylvania Attorney General election and the 2004 Pennsylvania Attorney General election. He narrowly lost the 2004 general election to future Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett.

-In 2003, he was named to the "Power 75" list of politically influential people in Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Report.

-From 2007 through 2011 he served as the chair of the Pennsylvania Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority (PICA), the state authority that oversees the finances of the city of Philadelphia.

-In 2008, James was surrogate speaker and primary Election Day counsel for Hillary Clinton. Later that year, he served as general election federal court counsel for Barack Obama.

-In May 2011, he was named to the Board of Directors for Congreso, a Philadelphia-based and nationally recognized multi-service organization. Congreso's goal is to alleviate poverty and promote economic self-sufficiency to ensure that our most vulnerable populations have the educational credentials and workforce skills to compete in a global economy.

-In 2014, James served on the finance committee for Pennsylvania Governor Candidate Tom Wolf, who was elected and took office in 2015. He also is chair of "Friends of Ken Trujillo," a committee formed in preparation for the 2015 Philadelphia mayoral election.

-Public Service

-James served on the White House staff at the National Security Council during the Presidency of Bill Clinton. He authored PDD 42, the Presidential decision directive on international crime and the executive order that seized the assets of the Columbian Cali drug cartel.

-Representative Experience

-Represented the Chief of Staff to the Democratic Leader of the House in the Pennsylvania "Bonusgate matter".
-Represented several members of Congress in campaign finance and federal investigations.
-Represented the former Chief of Staff to Governor Ed Rendell in a federal investigation.
-Represented the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board in the forfeiture of the Foxwoods Gaming License, resulting in a 50 million dollar forfeiture to the Commonwealth, the largest gaming related forfeiture in the history of Pennsylvania.
-Handled matters related to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and involving wiretaps authorized by Title III of the federal criminal code.
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1915 Graduated from United States Military Academy West Point, NY

1917-1918 World War I rose to rank of temporary (Brevet) Lieutenant Colonel in the National Army

After the war, reverted to his regular rank of Captain and a few days later was promoted to Major, a rank he held for 16 years

From 1920, Served with an unprecedented succession of Generals – Fox Conner, John J. Pershing, Douglas MacArthur, George Marshall

1920-1924 Executive officer to General Conner in Panama Canal Zone

1925-1926 On Conner's recommendation, attended Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas  

1927 Served as a battalion commander at Fort Benning, Georgia

Assigned to American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing

Assigned to Army War College, graduated 1928

1929-1933 After a one year assignment in France, served as executive officer to General George V Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War

Posted as chief military aide to General Douglas MacArthur, Army Chief of Staff

1935 Accompanied MacArthur to the Philippines where he served as assistant military adviser to the Philippine government in developing their army

1936 Promoted to rank of permanent Lieutenant Colonel

1939 Returned to U.S., held a series of staff positions in Washington, D.C., California, and Texas

1941 Appointed Chief of Staff to General Walter Krueger, Commander of 3rd Army, at Fort Sam Houston San Antonio, Texas

1941 Promoted to rank of Brigadier General

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7 1941, assigned to General Staff in Washington, DC where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany

Appointed Deputy Chief in charge of Pacific Defenses under the Chief of War Plans Division (WPD), General Leonard T. Gerow, and succeeded Gerow as Chief of War Plans Division

Appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of the new Operations Division which replaced WPD under Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, who spotted talent and promoted accordingly

End of May 1942, Accompanied Lieutenant General Henry H. Arnold, Commanding General of Army Air Forces, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Major General James E Chaney. Returned to Washington June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, about Chaney and his staff. On June 23, 1942, returned to London as Commanding General, European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA), based in London, and replaced Chaney.

November 1942 Was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters A(E)FHQ. The word "expeditionary" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons.

Dec 1943 President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower, not Marshall, would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945.
 
Dec 24 1943-May 8 1945 Supreme Allied Commander in Europe

May 8 1945-Nov 10 1945 Following the German unconditional surrender, Military Governor of the American Zone of Occupied Germany, based in Frankfurt am Main. Had no responsibility for the other three zones, controlled by Britain, France and the Soviet Union.

Nov 19 1945-Feb 6 1948 Chief of Staff of U.S. Army, replacing General George Marshall

As the 1948 election approached, was repeatedly urged by prominent citizens from both parties nationwide to run for President. President Truman even approached him, offering to serve as his Vice President if he would agree to run as President on the Democratic ticket. Eisenhower maintained no political party affiliation during this time, though he was clear in not aligning with the Democrats. He firmly declined all the offers and many believed he was foregoing his only opportunity to be President. Thomas E. Dewey was considered the other probable winner, would presumably serve two terms, and Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would then be too old.

1948-1953 President Columbia University, New York City, NY

Eisenhower's stint as the president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as President concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly. Through his involvement in the Council on Foreign Relations, he also gained exposure to economic analysis, which would become the bedrock of his understanding in economic policy.

Within months of beginning his tenure as President of Columbia University, was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington.

Apr 2 1951–May 30 1952 Supreme Commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe

May 31 1952, Retired from active service as an Army General and resumed his Presidency of Columbia University. He held this position until January 20, 1953, when he became the President of the United States.

President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for President, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disdain for the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 Presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert Taft. The effort was a long struggle. Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas.

1952 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., elected

1956 Republican Party candidate for President U.S., reelected

Jan 20 1953-Jan 20 1961 34th President U.S.  

In the 1960 election to choose his successor, President Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican candidate for President Richard Nixon, against Democratic candidate for President, Senator John F Kennedy. Eisenhower actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days of the campaign.

1964 Spoke at Republican National Convention and appeared with Barry Goldwater in a Republican campaign commercial from Gettysburg. However, his endorsement came somewhat reluctantly because Goldwater had attacked the former President as "a dime-store New Dealer".

First Lady of the United States Mamie Eisenhower 1953-1961

Completed her education at Miss Wolcott's finishing school 1915.

Richard Nixon CA Republican Party candidate for Vice President U.S. See 1968