1790
Connecticut
Delaware
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
North Carolina
Rhode Island
Virginia
1800
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
West Virginia
1810
Vermont
1820
Kentucky
1830
Maine
New York
Tennessee
1840
Georgia
Ohio
1850
Alabama
Mississippi
1860
Louisiana
1870
Illinois
Indiana
Missouri
Wisconsin
1880
Iowa
1890
Arkansas
Kansas
Nebraska
1900
Minnesota
1910
North Dakota
South Dakota
1920
Montana
1930
Oklahoma
1950
D.C.
1970
Michigan
1980
Wyoming
2010
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Texas
Utah
Washington
In general, states hit their peak a few decades after statehood and then their share slipped as states to the west were added. Once a state dropped back it was nearly impossible for a state to catch up. It is like a marathon runner who falls off his pace, and can never make it up.
Michigan is a noteworthy exception. It didn't have prime agricultural conditions, especially as you get into the glaciated and colder area further north, but later development of the auto industry drew in workers from other countries and the south. Compare to states like Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois which had stronger agricultural development, before they industrialized.
Other than Michigan, Wyoming, and the 2010 states, all hit their peak within 50 years of statehood. None of the 2010 states were filled up with farms (in the case of Texas and Florida, only the east and north had significant numbers of family farms).
Of the 2010 states, most have now far exceeded the 50 year threshold with some now reaching past 150 years.
It would be interesting to see the most recent local maximum for each state (ie the last decade that the state grew faster than the country as a whole).
Note: I would use 1870 for the first West Virginia census.
