Nobody has yet answered my question as to how is it determined which party gets to form a minority goverment if no party wins a majority of seats in the House of Commons. If the Liberals won more seats then the Conservatives but the Bloc Quebecois plus the Conservatives won a majority of seats and were willing to form a coalition, could/would the two parties form a government together even if they had not been part of any arguable coalition before the election, or would the resulting governent have to include the Liberals? If someone could answer this question for me I would appreciate it.
The incumbent party is given the first chance to form a government if no party wins a majority.
So lets assume we have a minority situation. Regardless of how many seats the Liberals win, Martin will be the first one asked to form a government. If Martin thinks he still has enough support to govern (i.e. if he thinks the Bloc or NDP will let his bills pass in parliament), then he can form a Liberal minority government.
So even if the Conservatives win more seats, they might never get to form government because the Liberals get their chance first.
If Martin can't find the support to govern (i.e. his bills likely won't pass, or he is likely to lose any vote of confidence brought forth by the Conservatives), then he would concede defeat and let the next biggest party (probably the Conservatives) attempt to form government.