I think the word "although" is not used correctly here.

[v0031]

The negotiations centered on access to ports and territories in Manchuria and Korea, control of Sakhalin Island, and the question of who was responsible for paying war costs. The chief aims of the Japanese negotiator included first control in Korea and South Manchuria, then the negotiation of an indemnity and control of Sakhalin Island. The Russians wanted to maintain Sakhalin Island, refused to pay a war costs indemnity to the Japanese, and hoped to maintain their fleet in the Pacific. The indemnity issue, along with the dispensation of Sakhalin Island, were the major sticking points in the negotiation, although given its financial straits in 1905, Russia was likely unable to pay an indemnity even if required by a treaty to do so.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

There are some errors there, but the use of 'although' isn't one of them.

The indemnity issue, along with the dispensation of Sakhalin Island, were was the major sticking points in the negotiation,; although given its financial straits in 1905, Russia was likely unable to pay an indemnity even if required by a treaty to do so.

The two main clauses are sufficiently independent that a semicolon should be used (or even a period with 'although' capitalized as the first word of a new sentence). Also, since the dispensation of Sakahalin Island is stuck into that appositive clause, the subject is only the indeminty issue so the verb needs to be singular and not plural.

[Blue3]

The negotiations centered on access to ports and territories in Manchuria and Korea, control of Sakhalin Island, and the question of who was responsible for paying war costs. The chief aims of the Japanese negotiator included first control in Korea and South Manchuria, then the negotiation of an indemnity and control of Sakhalin Island. The Russians wanted to maintain Sakhalin Island, refused to pay a war costs indemnity to the Japanese, and hoped to maintain their fleet in the Pacific. The indemnity issue, along with the dispensation of Sakhalin Island, were the major sticking points in the negotiation, although given its financial straits in 1905, Russia was likely unable to pay an indemnity even if required by a treaty to do so.

What do you keep quoting from, and why does the grammar in some of its passages need a new thread each time you're confused by it? This is a history forum, not a grammar forum.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

The negotiations centered on access to ports and territories in Manchuria and Korea, control of Sakhalin Island, and the question of who was responsible for paying war costs. The chief aims of the Japanese negotiator included first control in Korea and South Manchuria, then the negotiation of an indemnity and control of Sakhalin Island. The Russians wanted to maintain Sakhalin Island, refused to pay a war costs indemnity to the Japanese, and hoped to maintain their fleet in the Pacific. The indemnity issue, along with the dispensation of Sakhalin Island, were the major sticking points in the negotiation, although given its financial straits in 1905, Russia was likely unable to pay an indemnity even if required by a treaty to do so.

What do you keep quoting from, and why does the grammar in some of its passages need a new thread each time you're confused by it? This is a history forum, not a grammar forum.

He's quoting from history texts and if he's not getting the grammar, it would affect his ability comprehend.  It's just barely on topic, but since this is a low volume board, I'm willing to allow it.