Elections where the winning party lost the popular vote.

[jaichind]

Australia 1969 (in 2PP vote)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1969

Australia 1990 (in 2PP vote)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1990

Australia 1998 (in 2PP vote)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1998

[jaichind]

Japan 2010 upper house elections

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election,_2010

In the prefecture district seats the ruling DPJ-PNP won 39.25% of the vote but won only 28 seats versus the LDP-NKP-NRP who got 38.33% of the vote but won 42 seats.  This is mostly because DPJ nominated 2 candidates in a bunch of 2 seat districts in an attempt wipe out the LDP-NKP-NRP there.  It failed but these extra candidates where able to help push up the vote share for DPJ-PNP even in an election where DPJ-PNP lost the election.

[jaichind]

Vermont retains the system to this day, and actually put it in practice last month.  However, I don't know of any time when the second-placed candidate was selected.

Well, if we are going to count systems where there is an election and if no one gets a majority some other body picks the winner among the top N candidates, then I can point to Bolivia Prez elections of 1985 and 1989 where winner of the popular vote plurality did not win the congressional ballot.

[jaichind]

I found another one

Chile 1920

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilean_presidential_election,_1920

Alessandri narrowly lost the popular vote but won the electoral college vote to become President.