The analysis I've seen looks at divisive primaries in relation to the party with the White House. The conclusion is that divisive primaries have minimal effect on the challenging party. They do have an effect of the party defending the Presidency. In the period from 1864 to the present a presence or lack of a contested nomination in the incumbent party has forecast the outcome over 90% of the time.
That makes sense when the incumbent president himself is running, but when the incumbent president isn't running, isn't there
always a contested nomination battle in both parties? I mean, even in 2000, Gore didn't run for the nomination unopposed.