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Hillary Clinton
Hillary Clinton official Secretary of State portrait crop.jpg
Hillary Clinton in January 2009
67th United States Secretary of State
In office
January 21, 2009 – February 1, 2013
President   Barack Obama
Deputy   Jim Steinberg
Bill Burns
Preceded by   Condoleezza Rice
Succeeded by   John Kerry
United States Senator
from New York
In office
January 3, 2001 – January 21, 2009
Preceded by   Pat Moynihan
Succeeded by   Kirsten Gillibrand
First Lady of the United States
In role
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
President   Bill Clinton
Preceded by   Barbara Bush
Succeeded by   Laura Bush
First Lady of Arkansas
In role
January 11, 1983 – December 12, 1992
Governor   Bill Clinton
Preceded by   Gay Daniels White
Succeeded by   Betty Tucker
In role
January 9, 1979 – January 19, 1981
Governor   Bill Clinton
Preceded by   Barbara Pryor
Succeeded by   Gay Daniels White
Personal details
Born   Hillary Diane Rodham[nb 1]
October 26, 1947 (age 68)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political party   Democratic (Since 1968)
Other political
affiliations   Republican (Before 1968)
Spouse(s)   Bill Clinton (m. 1975)
Children   Chelsea
Alma mater   Wellesley College
Yale University
Signature   
Website   hillaryclinton.com/about/bio
Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg   This article is part of a series
about
Hillary Clinton
Political positions Electoral history
Campaign for the Presidency 2016
Primaries Endorsements
Secretary of State

Tenure Obama's foreign policy QDDR Hillary Doctrine Benghazi attack Emails
Campaign for the Presidency 2008
Primaries Endorsements Loyalty
U.S. Senator from New York

Tenure 2000 election 2006 re-election
First Lady of the United States

Role Health care plan SCHIP
Travelgate Filegate
First Lady of Arkansas

Cattle futures controversy Whitewater
Awards and honors Books


United States Department of State
v t e
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (/ˈhɪləri daɪˈæn ˈrɒdəm ˈklɪntən/; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party for President of the United States in the 2016 election. She is the first female candidate to gain that status in a major American political party. She served as the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, the junior United States Senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, First Lady of the United States during the presidency of Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001, and First Lady of Arkansas during the governorship of Bill Clinton from 1979 to 1981 and from 1983 to 1992.

Clinton grew up in Chicago and the neighboring suburb of Park Ridge, Illinois. She attended Wellesley College, graduating in 1969, and earned a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas, marrying Bill Clinton in 1975. In 1977, she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families. She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978, and, the following year, became the first woman partner at Rose Law Firm. As First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81, 1983–92), she led a task force whose recommendations helped reform Arkansas's public schools, and served on the boards of corporations including Walmart.

As First Lady of the United States, Clinton led the unsuccessful effort to enact the Clinton health plan of 1993. In 1997 and 1999, she helped create programs for children's health insurance, adoption, and foster care. The only first lady to have been subpoenaed, she faced a federal grand jury in 1996 regarding the Whitewater controversy; no charges were ever brought against her related to this or any other controversy. Her marriage endured the Lewinsky scandal of 1998, and overall her role as first lady drew a polarized response from the public.

Clinton was elected in 2000 as the first female senator from New York, the only first lady ever to have sought elective office. Following the September 11 attacks, she voted to approve the war in Afghanistan. She also voted for the Iraq Resolution (which she later regretted), sought to hasten the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, and opposed the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 (which she later commended). She voted against the Bush tax cuts, and voted against John Roberts and Samuel Alito for the United States Supreme Court, filibustering the latter. She was re-elected to the Senate in 2006. Running for president in 2008, she won far more delegates than any previous female candidate, but lost the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama.

As Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013, Clinton responded to the Arab Spring, during which she advocated the U.S. military intervention in Libya. While she accepted responsibility for security lapses relating to the 2012 Benghazi attack, she said she had no direct role in consulate security prior to that attack. Leaving office after Obama's first term, she wrote her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements before announcing her second presidential run in the 2016 election. She won the Democratic primaries and is presumed to run against Donald Trump in the general election.

Early life and education
Early life
Hillary[nb 2] Diane Rodham was born on October 26, 1947, at Edgewater Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.[2][3] She was raised in a United Methodist family, first in Chicago and then, from the age of three, in suburban Park Ridge, Illinois.[4] Her father, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham (1911–1993), was of Welsh and English descent;[5] he managed a successful small business in the textile industry.[6] Her mother, Dorothy Emma Howell (1919–2011), was a homemaker of English, Scottish, French-Canadian, and Welsh descent.[5][7][8] Hillary has two younger brothers, Hugh and Tony.[9]

Museum display case containing photographs, papers, shoes, doll, and other early childhood artifacts
Mementos of Hillary Rodham's early life are shown at the William J. Clinton Presidential Center.
As a child, Rodham was a favorite of her teachers at the public schools she attended in Park Ridge.[10][11] She participated in sports, such as swimming and baseball, and earned numerous badges as a Brownie and as a Girl Scout.[10][11] She has often told a story of being inspired by U.S. efforts during the Space Race and sending a letter to NASA around 1961 asking what she could do to become an astronaut, only to be told that no women were being accepted into that program.[12]

She attended Maine East High School, where she participated in student council, the school newspaper, and was selected for National Honor Society.[2][13] She won election as class vice president for her junior year, but then lost an election for class president for her senior year against two boys, one of whom told her that "you are really stupid if you think a girl can be elected president."[14] For her senior year, she was redistricted to Maine South High School, where she was a National Merit Finalist and graduated in the top five percent of her class of 1965.[13][15] Rodham's mother wanted her to have an independent, professional career,[8] and her father, otherwise a traditionalist, felt that his daughter's abilities and opportunities should not be limited by gender.[16]

Raised in a politically conservative household,[8] Rodham helped canvass Chicago's South Side at age thirteen following the very close 1960 U.S. presidential election, where she saw evidence of electoral fraud (such as voting list entries showing addresses that were empty lots) against Republican candidate Richard Nixon.[17] She then volunteered to campaign for Republican candidate Barry Goldwater in the U.S. presidential election of 1964.[18] Rodham's early political development was shaped most by her high school history teacher (like her father, a fervent anti-communist), who introduced her to Goldwater's The Conscience of a Conservative, and by her Methodist youth minister (like her mother, concerned with issues of social justice), with whom she saw, and afterwards briefly met, civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. at a 1962 speech in Chicago's Orchestra Hall.[19]

Wellesley College years
In 1965, Rodham enrolled at Wellesley College, where she majored in political science.[20][21] During her freshman year, she served as president of the Wellesley Young Republicans;[22][23] with this Rockefeller Republican-oriented group,[24] she supported the elections to mayor of John Lindsay (New York City) and to U.S. senator of Edward Brooke (Massachusetts).[25] She later stepped down from this position, as her views changed regarding the American Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War.[22] In a letter to her youth minister at this time, she described herself as "a mind conservative and a heart liberal".[26] In contrast to the 1960s current that advocated radical actions against the political system, she sought to work for change within it.[27][28]

In her junior year, Rodham became a supporter of the antiwar presidential nomination campaign of Democrat Eugene McCarthy.[29] In early 1968, she was elected president of the Wellesley College Government Association and served through early 1969.[27][30] Following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., Rodham organized a two-day student strike and worked with Wellesley's black students to recruit more black students and faculty.[29] In her student government role, she played a role in keeping Wellesley from being embroiled in the student disruptions common to other colleges.[27][31] A number of her fellow students thought she might some day become the first female President of the United States.[27]