Help! I don't understand! (where can I find "Id. at *89."?)

[Sorenroy]

I really have no background in any of this, and I have never read a legal opinion before. If one of you could help me out that would be great.

So I was reading over the Fourth Circuit's opinion on the NC photo ID laws, and read this line:

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I wanted to look further into it, but there was no footnote, and there are no endnotes. Does anyone know where I can find what they referenced, and also find where they have all the Id.s so I can reference them in the future (none of them are referenced anywhere on the document)?

[SteveRogers]

The citations are in the body of the text. Look to the previous citation clause before the "Id." Here it looks like they're citing to the District Court opinion, N.C. State Conf. of the NAACP v. McCrory.

[Dereich]

SteveRogers is correct in what you should do. "Id." means "the same". It's an abbreviation for the last fully written citation. If there's no page number after the Id. it means they're citing something on the same page as the previous citation.

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

Thought for sure it was "Ibid". An abbreviation, perhaps?

[Kaine for Senate '18]

I can't stand citations in the text. Makes it much harder to follow, I think.

[True Federalist (진정한 연방 주의자)]

Thought for sure it was "Ibid". An abbreviation, perhaps?

Both "Id." and "Ibid." are abbreviations of "idem" and "ibidem" respectively meaning "the same" and "in the same" respectively. There used to be a distinction made between the use of the two terms and their respective abbreviations, but the exact distinction differed and now almost no one really cares but as a general rule legal citations use "Id."

(When a distinction is made, ibidem is always a more exact match of the previous citation than idem. Some hold that ibidem should only be used if the exact same citation, without any changes at all and thus to cite another part of the same work, "Id. at *89" has to used. Others hold "idem" should be used only if the author is the same but a different work is being cited, thus to cite another part of the same work "Ibid. at *89" is required. Consult the style guide used by whomever you submit your work.)