Professor is just another name for teacher in college, to replace Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms. Anyone who teaches is a professor.
Not uniformly true. "Professor" is the college equivalent to "teacher", but "Doctor" is a title reserved for people with doctorates (obviously.) There are professors without doctorates, hence the title of just "professor."
I'm teaching in College, but I'm not called "Professor".
Are you full time?
Half-time.
I wonder if there's a distinction. I've never had anything other than full time professors. I personally would refer to any person teaching one of my classes as "professor"
I think it has more to do with the setting than with the amount of hours I work. I teach sections of 20some students who are on average only 3-4 years younger than me, so it's just more natural for both of us to be on a first-name basis. I'd feel incredibly awkward (more awkward than I already do, I mean) if they called me Professor.