Wisconsin Legislative Redistricting

[jimrtex]

This is my final map for Milwaukee County.



1. Milwaukee (far south); tan; 0.990; VAP%: 77W, 15H, 3A, 3B, 2O.
2. Milwaukee (southside west); blue; 0.986; VAP%: 54H, 36W, 6B, 2O, 2A.
3. Milwaukee (southside east) and West Milwaukee; red; 1.000; VAP%: 57H, 30W, 8B, 3A, 2O.
4. Milwaukee (westside and near northside); lime; 1.012; VAP%: 48B, 41W, 6H, 3A, 2O.
5. Milwaukee (westside); blue; 1.012; VAP%: 60B, 26W, 6A, 6H, 3O.
6. Milwaukee (northside); purple; 0.992; VAP%: 92B, 4W, 2H, 2O, 0A.
7. Milwaukee (northside west); green; 0.996; VAP%: 49B, 42W, 3H, 3A, 2O.
8. Milwaukee (far northside) and Brown Deer; mauve; 0.995; VAP%: 57B, 33W, 5A, 3H, 2O.
9. Milwaukee (far northside west); yellow; 0.994; VAP%: 53B, 36W, 5A, 4H, 2O.
10. Oak Creek and South Milwaukee; light blue; 0.968; VAP%: 87W, 6H, 3A, 2B, 2O.
11. Franklin, Greendale, Hales Corner; orange; 0.996; VAP%: 88W, 4A, 4B. 4H. 1O.
12. Milwaukee (Bayview, downtown), Cudahy, and St. Francis; green; 1.008; VAP%: 86W, 6H 3B, 3A, 2O.
13. Greenfield and Milwaukee (West Allis-Greenfield finger); pink; 0.989; VAP%: 86W, 7H, 3A, 2B, 2O.
14. West Allis; kelly green; 1.052; 86W; 7H, 3B, 2O, 2A.
15. Wauwatosa and Milwaukee (Wauwatosa-West Allis finger); slate; 0.995; VAP%: 88W, 5B,  3H, 3A, 1O.
16. Milwaukee (eastside), Whitefish Bay, and Shorewood; orange; 0.979; VAP%: 88W, 4B, 4A, 3H, 2O.
17. Mequon, Glendale, Fox Point, Bayside, Thiensville, River Hills, and Milwaukee (Glendale indention); red; 0.995; VAP% (Milwaukee County only): 74W, 19B, 3A, 3H, 1O,
18: Northern Ozaukee County (off map); 1.043.

Senate districts:

SD1. AD1-3, southern Milwaukee;
SD2. AD4-6. westside and near northside Milwaukee;
SD3. AD7-9. northwest Milwaukee.
SD4. AD 10-12. southern Milwaukee county and southern shoreline.
SD5. AD 13-15. western Milwaukee county.
SD6. AD 16-18. Ozaukee County and northern shoreline Milwaukee County.

And a version without wards.

I'd be concerned about a 92% BVAP district (AD 6) it looks like a clear case of packing. It would certainly get challenged. If the claim is that the 48% BVAP and 49% BVAP districts adjacent to that are VRA-performing, then why not split AD 6 between two districts and make both over 46% BVAP and claim that they would both be performing?

Also the 57% HVAP AD 3 would definitely lose in court. As krazen pointed out the 60% HVAP AD lost in 2012 and was redrawn.

Is this better?

2. Milwaukee (southside east) and West Milwaukee; blue; 0.993; VAP%: 45H, 44W, 6B, 3A, 2O.
3. Milwaukee (southside east) and West Milwaukee; red; 1.000; VAP%: 68H, 20W, 8B, 2O, 2A.

Congress should require a citizenship question on the US Census.

The placement of the 6 districts in northern Milwaukee are reasonable compact and cover the area of highest black concentration. You would apparently have tentacles extending out from the area of highest concentration so as to control more voters. This is an impermissible predominance of race in the drawing of the districts.

[Gass3268]

I would consider a North/South approach for districts 6 and 7, rather than East/West or maybe a more diagonal orientation. I know it is possible to have 6 majority African American Assembly districts in Northern Milwaukee + Brown Deer that are all reasonable in their compactness and the VAP %.

[jimrtex]

I would consider a North/South approach for districts 6 and 7, rather than East/West or maybe a more diagonal orientation. I know it is possible to have 6 majority African American Assembly districts in Northern Milwaukee + Brown Deer that are all reasonable in their compactness and the VAP %.

AD-4 and AD-7 may be majority BCVAP. The Census data classifies persons as either Hispanic or not and a combination of the 6 racial categories (2^6 minus 1 combinations = 63). A person is not permitted to not have a race. The table that I am using does not distinguish race for Hispanic persons, so there may be Puerto Ricans who indicate their race as black. For simplicity of calculation, I only used single race persons, so mixed-race persons end up being classified as "other".

So my categories are:

Hispanic, regardless of race.
Non-Hispanic White only.
Non-Hispanic Black only.
Non-Hispanic Asian only.
Other (Total minus 4 other groups, and includes Non-Hispanic AIAN and NHOPI).

A more formal approach would have likely used the one-drop formula which would include mixed-race persons as black rather than other. And finally Hispanic and Asians are much more likely to be non-citizens.

Communities are mostly black for a combination of reasons: (some) blacks like to live with blacks; (some) whites don't like to live with blacks; historical practices such as redlining, covenants, real-estate steering; and economic factors, such as (many) blacks not being able to afford houses in certain areas.

It is unconstitutional to redistrict on the basis of race. While a black community might exist in a social sense, such as shared churches, cultural tastes, etc., it can not be recognized unless it coexists with residential patterns. That is, you can create a district for an area where a significant black population is a characteristic of the area.

The record will show that I made a deliberate effort to increase the black population in AD-4, by moving Brown Deer into AD-8, and Glendale into AD-17, which allowed AD-16 to come further south, moving AD-4 to the west. The eastern boundary of AD-4 is the Milwaukee River, a hard geographcal feature. The inclusion of the Milwaukee wards on the southwestern corner of Glendale was done for population reasons and smoothing the border, but had a secondary benefit of moving some 90% wards out of Milwaukee (if not for the other neutral reasons, they could reasonably be considered cracked since they were placed in a district that is half in Ozaukee County, and does not include many blacks other than in Glendale).

There was a smaller effort for SD-7. SD-9 was brought south for population balance, but also pushes SD-7 slightly more to the west.

I will not vary district populations for political or racial purposes. It is unconscionable to do so. Any irregularities in boundaries are due to following existing ward boundaries or population reasons.

I believe that the way that Muon2 drew the area of Milwaukee west of Wauwatosa may indicate a preponderance of race. There really is no explanation of the L-shaped district other to cut out a majority white area and connect it with  an overwhelmingly black area. He may have also injured the opportunity of the most concentrated black areas to have a representative who actually lives in the area.

In the case of the two Hispanic districts, the original version had split the highest concentration of Hispanics, which is just above 70% into two districts.

[muon2]

I have put together a complete map of WI ADs using 2010 data. As I noted before, I started with the SD to minimize their chops and erosity staying within 5% of the quota. Then I shifted to the AD making adjustments to avoid chops when it could be done without overly increasing erosity. Here is SE WI:



No towns or villages are chopped, but Kenosha, Racine, and Janesville are chopped. The colors indicate the AD groupings by SD. There are 4 SD with 12 AD. To get PVIs I have averaged 2008 and 2012 as shown in parentheses. I used DRA for 2008, and the Atlas for 2012. The 2012 votes for the chopped cities are estimated since the ward boundaries changed in 2011 after the census data was released. The votes will also be used to calculate the efficiency gap for the overall plan.

AD 1 (Kenosha city central): deviation -1776; PVI D+14 (14.0, 13.5)
AD 2 (Kenosha NW): deviation -1998; PVI D+8 (8.1, 7.5)
AD 3 (Pleasant Prairie): deviation -2132; PVI R+6 (-4.5, -7.3)

AD 4 (Racine city central): deviation -2124; PVI D+21 (19.4, 22.5)
AD 5 (Racine - Mt Pleasant): deviation +1; PVI D+4 (3.9, 3.6)
AD 6 (Caledonia): deviation -817; PVI R+13 (-12.7, -14.3)

AD 7 (Burlington): deviation +401; PVI R+9 (-8.0, -10.8 )
AD 8 (Elkhorn): deviation -1271; PVI R+7 (-5.6, -9.3)
AD 9 (Beloit): deviation -1070; PVI D+9 (9.3, 9.4)

AD 10 (Janesville city central): deviation +134; PVI D+13 (14.3, 12.0)
AD 11 (Edgerton): deviation -492; PVI D+7 (7.7, 5.7)
AD 12 (Monroe): deviation -335; PVI D+8 (8.7, 6.5)

Region: 7 D, 1 d, 4 R

I can tell Milwaukee is going to be a challenge since I don't have an easy conversion from 2008 voting wards to 2012 voting wards.

[jimrtex]

Waukesha (6.787) and Washington (2.296) are together (9.083) entitled to nine districts, six and most of a seventh in Waukesha, and the remainder of the seventh, and two whole districts in Washington.





In general, I tried to base the districts on the original towns (PLSS townships). Cities and villages tend to have irregular boundaries, and are often enclosed by a town. Where cities or villages were on a district boundary I did cross the town boundary to get better population ballance. I will refer to the original towns as townships, since some have converted to cities or villages (Menominee, Muskego, New Berlin, and Pewaukee)

Waukesha city has a population of 1.231 and must be split and is centered on the Pewaukee-Waukesha township line, so I treated Pewaukee-Waukesha as a single township, and I identified an area with a population equivalent to two districts.

Along the Milwaukee County line I could not find any combinations that would permit a single-member area other than the Menominee plus Lisbon townships. The remaining three townships along the eastern edge have a population equivalent to two districts, and are more suburban in character.

Finally, I identified the area in a Washington County that was closest in population to the needed share of the cross-county boundary district.

21 and 22: Pewaukee, Waukesha, Vernon townships plus Mukwonago village; includes Pewaukee city, Pewaukee village, Wuakesha city, and Big Bend village; Pewaukee town is dissolved. (2.043) I hope to create one district wholly within Waukesha city, so the remaining district will be a partial doughnut by lopping off some of the annexation tentacles.

23 and 24. Brookfield, New Berlin, and Muskego townships, plus Butler village; includes Brookfield city, Elm Grove Village, New Berlin city, and Muskego city; Muskego and New Berlin towns are dissolved, and Brookfield town is largely so. (2.011). This will require a split of New Berlin city, the second largest political subdivision in the county. The division will be fairly north within the city, so that one the districts can be largely identified with 23. Brookfield and 24. New Berlin and Muskego.

25. Delafield, Genessee, Mukwonago, Ottawa, and Eagle townships, plus Chenequa village, less Mukwonago village; includes Delafield city, Nashotah village, Hartland village, Wales village, North Prairie village, Dousman village, and Eagle village (1.013).

26. Menominee and Lisbon townships, less Butler village; includes Menominee Falls village, Lannon village, Sussex village, and an unpopulated bit of Milwaukee city; Menominee town is dissolved (0.999).

27. In Waukesha County: Oconomowoc, Merton, and Summit townships, less Chenequa village; includes Merton village, Oconomowoc city, Oconomowoc Lake village, and Lac La Belle village. In Washington County: Erin and Richfield townships, including Richfield village; Richfield town has been dissolved. (0.983).

West Bend has a population equivalent to 0.541 districts, and extends into three surrounding townships to reach 0.771. Adding townships in the northern part of the county, completes the areas.

28. Farmington, Trenton, Kewaskum, Barton, West Bend, Wayne, and Addison townships; includes West Bend city, Newburg city, and Kewaskum village. (1.029).

29 is the remainder of the county, linking the most suburban area of Germantown with the second center of Hartford.

29. Hartford, Polk, Jackson, and Germantown townships; includes Hartford city, Slinger village, Jackson village, Germantown village, and an unpopulated bit of Milwaukee city; Germantown town is largely dissolved. (1.005)

Senate districts are chosen to eliminate the two city chops, and have one district contain the whole of Washington County, and two districts wholly in Waukesha County.

AD 21, 22, and 25 (Waukesha city, and western Waukesha county)
AD 23, 24, and 26 (Eastern tier Waukesha county).
AD 27, 28, and 29 (Washington County and northwestern Waukesha county).

[Gass3268]

Do you have the ward numbers for Milwaukee?

[muon2]

Do you have the ward numbers for Milwaukee?

I have the ward numbers and results for the 2008 election on DRA for each of my ADs. I have a PDF of the wards assigned in 2012, and the Atlas has the election totals for each of those wards for 2012. There are over 300 wards and it will be time consuming to match them all by hand in a spreadsheet. I was hoping for a quicker conversion.

[Gass3268]

Do you have the ward numbers for Milwaukee?

I have the ward numbers and results for the 2008 election on DRA for each of my ADs. I have a PDF of the wards assigned in 2012, and the Atlas has the election totals for each of those wards for 2012. There are over 300 wards and it will be time consuming to match them all by hand in a spreadsheet. I was hoping for a quicker conversion.

Luckily they did not make any major changes to the ward map during redistricting.

[muon2]

I'll skip over Milwaukee/Ozaukee for the moment and go to the counties immediately west. The AD were adjusted from my original SD design so that all are within 5% of the quota and no town or village is chopped. The only city chopped is Waukesha, which must be chopped.

Waukesha city extends into Brookfield and when they are combined with Elm Grove they nicely form 2 AD. Wards are approximated for the 2012 election results. The other districts are formed based on that constraint and only having one AD cross between Wuakesha and Washington. Also shown are the 3 AD that form a SD in Dodge and Jefferson.



AD 31 (Brookfield): deviation +1795; PVI R+18 (-17.2, -18.0)
AD 32 (New Berlin): deviation +1934; PVI R+18 (-16.5, -19.4)
AD 33 (Waukesha city): deviation +2254; PVI R+9 (-7.4, -10.6)

AD 34 (Muskego): deviation -1615; PVI R+22 (-20.0, -23.2)
AD 35 (Oconomowoc): deviation +2345; PVI R+20 (-18.7, -22.3)
AD 36 (Pewaukee): deviation -60; PVI R+22 (-20.8, -24.1)

AD 37 (Menominee Falls): deviation +1133; PVI R+17 (-15.5, -18.0)
AD 38 (Hartford): deviation -1178; PVI R+23 (-21.0, -24.3)
AD 39 (West Bend): deviation -1826; PVI R+19 (-16.6, -20.6)

AD 40 (Fort Atkinson): deviation +2403; PVI R+2 (-0.9, -2.3)
AD 41 (Watertown): deviation -817; PVI R+14 (-11.4, -15.6)
AD 42 (Beaver Dam): deviation -1473; PVI R+5 (-5.3, -4.2)

There are 10 solid R and 2 lean R districts.

[muon2]

Do you have the ward numbers for Milwaukee?

I have the ward numbers and results for the 2008 election on DRA for each of my ADs. I have a PDF of the wards assigned in 2012, and the Atlas has the election totals for each of those wards for 2012. There are over 300 wards and it will be time consuming to match them all by hand in a spreadsheet. I was hoping for a quicker conversion.

Luckily they did not make any major changes to the ward map during redistricting.

But all the ward numbers are different, so there is a lot of matching by hand.

[Gass3268]

Do you have the ward numbers for Milwaukee?

I have the ward numbers and results for the 2008 election on DRA for each of my ADs. I have a PDF of the wards assigned in 2012, and the Atlas has the election totals for each of those wards for 2012. There are over 300 wards and it will be time consuming to match them all by hand in a spreadsheet. I was hoping for a quicker conversion.

Luckily they did not make any major changes to the ward map during redistricting.

But all the ward numbers are different, so there is a lot of matching by hand.

True, I'm just going throw eyeballing the current map to the ward lines jimrtex had on his map.

[jimrtex]

Do you have the ward numbers for Milwaukee?

1   145
1   146
1   184
1   185
1   186
1   187
1   188
1   189
1   200
1   216
1   217
1   218
1   219
1   220
1   221
1   222
1   223
1   224
1   225
1   226
1   227
1   228
1   229
1   230
1   231
1   232
1   233
1   234
1   256
1   257
2   64
2   135
2   138
2   142
2   143
2   144
2   182
2   183
2   235
2   236
2   241
2   242
2   243
2   244
2   245
2   246
2   247
2   248
2   249
2   289
2   290
2   291
2   292
2   293
2   294
2   295
2   296
3   63
3   132
3   133
3   134
3   136
3   137
3   139
3   140
3   141
3   201
3   202
3   203
3   204
3   205
3   206
3   207
3   208
3   209
3   210
3   211
3   212
3   213
3   214
3   215
4   16
4   41
4   48
4   60
4   61
4   62
4   65
4   95
4   96
4   97
4   98
4   99
4   100
4   101
4   102
4   103
4   104
4   105
4   106
4   107
4   108
4   109
4   110
4   111
4   112
4   297
4   298
4   311
4   312
4   313
4   314
5   66
5   67
5   68
5   69
5   70
5   71
5   72
5   73
5   126
5   127
5   128
5   129
5   130
5   131
5   181
5   275
5   276
5   277
5   278
5   279
5   280
5   281
5   282
5   299
5   300
5   301
5   302
5   303
5   304
5   305
5   306
5   307
5   308
5   309
5   310
6   4
6   5
6   6
6   11
6   12
6   13
6   14
6   15
6   17
6   18
6   19
6   114
6   115
6   116
6   117
6   122
6   164
6   165
6   166
6   167
6   168
6   169
6   170
6   171
6   172
6   173
6   174
6   175
6   176
6   177
6   178
6   179
6   180
7   7
7   9
7   10
7   27
7   29
7   30
7   31
7   32
7   33
7   34
7   35
7   36
7   37
7   81
7   82
7   84
7   85
7   86
7   87
7   89
7   90
7   91
7   92
7   93
7   94
7   113
7   118
7   119
7   120
7   121
7   123
7   124
7   125
8   8
8   20
8   21
8   22
8   23
8   24
8   147
8   148
8   149
8   150
8   151
8   152
8   153
8   154
8   156
8   157
8   158
8   159
8   160
8   161
8   162
8   163
8   258
9   25
9   26
9   28
9   74
9   75
9   76
9   77
9   78
9   79
9   80
9   83
9   155
9   259
9   260
9   261
9   263
9   264
9   265
9   266
9   267
9   268
9   269
9   270
9   271
9   272
9   273
12   54
12   55
12   56
12   57
12   58
12   59
12   237
12   238
12   239
12   240
12   250
12   251
12   252
12   253
12   254
12   255
13   190
13   191
13   192
13   193
13   194
13   195
13   196
13   197
13   198
13   199
15   88
15   283
15   284
15   285
15   286
15   287
15   288
16   38
16   39
16   40
16   42
16   43
16   44
16   45
16   46
16   47
16   49
16   50
16   51
16   52
16   53
17   1
17   2
17   3

[jimrtex]

I discovered that the census boundaries for VTDs do not match the city and village boundaries.

What does DRA do?  For example, what does it show for the population of the city of Waukesha (38 wards)?

[muon2]

I discovered that the census boundaries for VTDs do not match the city and village boundaries.

What does DRA do?  For example, what does it show for the population of the city of Waukesha (38 wards)?

I believe DRA used the boundaries for cities and wards as they were defined going into the 2010 Census. In 2011 and 2012 the jurisdictions in WI redrew the wards, and one complaint about themap is that the wards were done after, rather than before the legislative districts making moot the need to conform districts to wards. The Census regularly updates its files to match boundaries needed for the ACS and estimates programs.

For example I went to the city of Waukesha's site to get the current council map and identified the wards in each district. I then matched those up with the wards I wanted in each district. Higher numbered wards generally referred to those in areas annexed since 2011-12.

For Milwaukee city I'm about a third of the way through the matching process. Many wards are just renumbered from the previous decade, but there are many cut and recombined wards, too. I'm adjusting my AD boundaries as I go so that the DRA boundaries for 2008 will coincide with current ward boundaries from 2012. This is the master map of Milwaukee's current wards.

[jimrtex]

I discovered that the census boundaries for VTDs do not match the city and village boundaries.

What does DRA do?  For example, what does it show for the population of the city of Waukesha (38 wards)?

I believe DRA used the boundaries for cities and wards as they were defined going into the 2010 Census. In 2011 and 2012 the jurisdictions in WI redrew the wards, and one complaint about themap is that the wards were done after, rather than before the legislative districts making moot the need to conform districts to wards. The Census regularly updates its files to match boundaries needed for the ACS and estimates programs.

For example I went to the city of Waukesha's site to get the current council map and identified the wards in each district. I then matched those up with the wards I wanted in each district. Higher numbered wards generally referred to those in areas annexed since 2011-12.

For Milwaukee city I'm about a third of the way through the matching process. Many wards are just renumbered from the previous decade, but there are many cut and recombined wards, too. I'm adjusting my AD boundaries as I go so that the DRA boundaries for 2008 will coincide with current ward boundaries from 2012. This is the master map of Milwaukee's current wards.

Ugh!

The Census bureau only produces data for VTD's for PL 94-171. The VTD cutoff was in 2007 or 2008, with that for city limits sometime later.

In general, I'm attempting to produce a map that reflects political boundaries as of the 2010 Census, in  order to see what the political complexion would have been at that time.

In the case of a city or village that is wholly within a district, I'm willing to treat it as not changing boundaries. For example, Mukwonago village is in AD-21 in my map, while Mukwonago town is in AD-25. For political results, I'm willing to use all wards in the two entities regardless whether the wards have changed for different elections. Does this make sense?

In the case of Waukesha city, it appears that newly annexed areas have been given different wards is because when the county board of supervisors districts were established, a district boundary was established on the town-city boundary. SD-15 includes the Town of Waukesha (as of 2010-11)?, and extends into the Town of Genesee and Town of Vernon. As Waukesha city has annexed since 2010, the annexed areas remain in SD-15, and were given new ward numbers. SD-15 now includes wards 39-49 of Waukesha city.

So for my boundary between SD-21 and SD-22, I will identify Waukesha city VTD's as well as portions of Waukesha town VTD's that were in Waukesha city.

There are 767 persons in Waukesha town VTD's that were in Waukesha city in 2010.

So there must also be 984 persons in Pewaukee city VTD's that were in Waukesha city in 2010.

[muon2]

For larger cities like Waukesha and Racine I'm looking at the wards that have been added after 2010. I use them to deduct 2012 votes from the city counts. My goal is to take a map drawn with information from 2010 then use the 2012 votes to get the efficiency gap that would be applied as in the 7th circuit decision. Smaller villages that may have extended their borders won't affect my result.

[jimrtex]

This is the split of Waukesha city and New Berlin cities.



21. Waukesha city (minus wards 1, 2, 4, 23, 25, 26, and city included in VTD T-6 Waukesha town) 1.008

22. Pewaukee village, Pewaukee city, Waukesha city (wards 1, 2, 4, 23, 25, 26), Waukesha town, Vernon town, Big Bend village, Mukwonago village. 1.035

23. Brookfield city, Brookfield town, Elm Grove village, Butler village, and New Berlin city (wards 3, 8, 9, and 10). 1.007

24. New Berlin city (less wards 3, 8, 9, 10) and Muskego city. 1.004

[jimrtex]

Dodge (1.545) and Jefferson (1.457), together 3.002, are entitled to 3 districts, one in each county, and one spanning the border. Watertown, the largest city, is on the county line, and is logically the center of the cross-border district, while Beaver Dam and Fort Atkinson-Jefferson are the logical centers of the two.

It turns out that the districts are pretty much stripes. There really isn't that much east-west displacement between the centers to justify a different configuration.



31.(0.997) Dodge: Beaver Dam city, Beaver Dam town, Brownsville village, Burnett town, Calamus town, Chester town, Fox Lake city, Fox Lake town, Horicon city, Juneau city, Kekoskee village, Leroy town, Lomira town, Lomira village, Mayville city, Oak Grove town, Randolph village, Trenton town, Waupun city, Westford town, and Williamstown town.

32. (1.020) Dodge: Ashippun town, Clyman town, Clyman village, Columbus city, Elba town, Emmet town, Hartford city, Herman town, Hubbard town, Hustisford town, Hustisford village, Iron Ridge village,
Lebanon town, Lowell town, Lowell village, Neosho village, Portland town, Reeseville village, Rubicon town, Shields town, Theresa town, Theresa village, and Watertown city. Jefferson: Ixonia town, Lac La Belle village, Milford town, Waterloo city, Waterloo town, Watertown city, and Watertown town.

33. (0.985) Jefferson: Aztalan town, Cambridge village, Cold Spring town, Concord town, Farmington town, Fort Atkinson city, Hebron town, Jefferson city, Jefferson town, Johnson Creek village, Koshkonong town, Lake Mills city, Lake Mills town, Oakland town, Palmyra town, Palmyra village, Sullivan town, Sullivan village, Sumner town, and Whitewater city.

Population balance could be improved by moving Milford town from AD-32 to AD-33, but this would split the border crossing, and isolate Waterloo from Watertown.

[muon2]

I've converted all the Milwaukke wards from 2008 to 2012 so that election data can line up. This caused some minor adjustments of the districts to avoid some split wards in 2012. The Oak Creek chop generally follow the 2012 aldermanic lines, since the Atlas aggregates the ward votes into those districts. The chop there replaces a chop in Milwaukee and reduces the number of senate chops by one. West Allis is at 5.2% over quota, but the total range for the state is at 9.884% so the deviation is acceptable.



AD 13 (South Milwaukee): deviation +2548; PVI D+1 (1.3, 1.5)
AD 14 (Franklin): deviation +1250; PVI R+8 (-6.2, -9.1)
AD 15 (Greenfield): deviation +1062; PVI R+6 (-5.4, -5.9)

AD 16 (Milwaukee - Bayview): deviation -1973; PVI D+11 (9.5, 12.3)
AD 17 (Milwaukee - Polonia, HVAP 51.3%): deviation -584; PVI D+22 (18.5, 25.2)
AD 18 (Milwaukee - Menomonee Valley, HVAP 65.3%): deviation -2477; D+30 PVI (27.8, 32.4)

AD 19 (West Allis): deviation +2967; PVI D+0 (-0.3, 0.4)
AD 20 (West Milwaukee): deviation -2711; PVI D+3 (1.5, 4.0)
AD 21 (Wauwatosa): deviation -917; PVI R+0 (-0.4, 0.0)

AD 22 (Milwaukee - West Side, BVAP 60.2%): deviation +1093; PVI D+36 (35.0, 37.9)
AD 23 (Milwaukee - Triangle, BVAP 53.1%): deviation +926; PVI D+33 (32.4, 33.1)
AD 24 (Milwaukee - Harambee, BVAP 57.1%): deviation +365; PVI D+39 (38.7, 39.7)

AD 25 (Milwaukee - Capitol Heights, BVAP 62.5%): deviation -806; PVI D+34 (31.8, 35.7)
AD 26 (Milwaukee - Granville, BVAP 52.3%): deviation -1853; PVI D+28 (26.0, 29.3)
AD 27 (Milwaukee - Havenwoods, BVAP 69.3%): deviation +646; PVI D+37 (35.5, 38.9)

AD 28 (Shorewood): deviation -1673; PVI D+13 (13.9, 12.4)
AD 29 (Mequon): deviation -220; PVI R+2 (-2.1, -2.9)
AD 30 (Port Washington): deviation +2495; PVI R+16 (-15.0, -17.2)

There are 10 solid D, 1 lean D, 3 even, 1 lean R, 3 solid R districts.

[jimrtex]

Kenosha has a population equivalent to 2.897 districts and will have three districts.

Racine (3.402), Walworth (1.780), and Rock (2.791) collectively have a population equivalent to 7.972 districts, and will have 8 districts (3 in Racine, 1 in Walworth, 2 in Rock, one spanning the Racine-Walworth border and one spanning the Walworth-Rock border.



The three districts in Kenosha will be undersized (0.966). The city of Kenosha is entitled to 1.727 districts and will be divided, with one district in the city, and one extending outside. The area attached to the north was chosen to balance population between districts. The third district with the rest of the county may have a bit of a Chicago exurb vibe, but that was not deliberate.

The district wholly within Kenosha was based on (1) containing the areas of significant minority population; and (2) the southern part of the city, since the other district will extend into Somers town to the north of the city. The areas of minority concentration (wards 12-16, 19-20) are generally on  a north-south axis, a bit inland from the shoreline. The remainder of the district forms a U-loop around the minority core.

34. Kenosha city (wards 3-6, 12-28,  0.961) 0.961. VAP%: 71W, 16H, 10B, O2, A1

35. Kenosha city (wards 1-2, 7-11, 29-34, 0.767), Paris town, and Somers town. 0.960

36. Brighton town, Bristol town, Bristol village, Genoa City village, Paddock Lake village, Pleasant Prairie village, Randall town, Salem town, Silver Lake village, Twin Lakes village, and Wheatland town. 0.977.

The three assembly districts in Kenosha County will form a senate district.

Racine has a population equivalent to 3.402 districts, and has three districts in the county, and part of a 4th that will extend into Walworth County. The city of  Racine is entitled to 1.373 districts, and will have to be divided. Mountain Pleasant village and the other suburban areas get to enough for two districts. The area around Burlington in the west end of the county, has the population needed for the district that extends into Walworth County. The remainder of the county may have more of a Milwaukee orientation, but was selected based on compactness and population balance.

As with Kenosha, the core of the Racine district is the minority area. The district was then extended to the north to reach the city limits and North Bay and Wind Point, which are included for overall population balance among the districts in the county. Wards with a significant minority population 35-50% were added to reach the necessary population. The minority population is generally smallest in the western part of the city. There are two stronger minority wards in the extreme southwestern corner of the city that could not be reached. The district is compact and avoids splitting the minority population, and the remnant of the city has good connectivity to Pleasant Point.

37. Racine city (wards 1-14, 16-21, 23-25, 33-34  0.963), North Bay village, and Wind Point village. 0.997 VAP% (Racine only) 55W, 23B, 20H, 2O, 1A.

38. Racine city (wards 15, 22, 26-32, 0.410), Elmwood Park village, Mount Pleasant village, and Sturtevant village. 0.996

39. Caledonia village, Norway town, Raymond town, Union Grove village, Waterford town, Waterford village, and Yorkville town. 0.979

The three assembly districts entirely in Racine County will form a senate district.

40. Racine: Burlington city, Burlington town, Dover town, Rochester village. Walworth: ... 1.015.



Walworth County is entitled to 1.780 districts. One district will be entirely in the county; one district will extend into Racine County, and another will extend into Rock County. That is, the surplus will be divided between two districts. The population within Walworth County of the two inter-county districts complements the surplus of the other two counties. In addition, placement of the Walworth portion of the districts must match the district in the the adjacent counties.

The Racine County portion of District 40 is focused on Burlington on the extreme western end of that county. This is matched by including towns on the eastern boundary of Walworth County. The Rock County portion of district 42 is based in Beloit, and the district extends into the southwestern corner of Walworth County.

This leaves District 41 as a compact district based around the county seat of Elkhorn and the most populous city of Whitewater. An additional consideration was to not unduly split the area around Geneva Lake.

40. Racine: Burlington city, Burlington town, Dover town, Rochester village (0.430) Walworth: Bloomfield town, Burlington city, East Troy town, East Troy village, Genoa City village, Lake Geneva city, Linn town, Lyons town, Mukwonago village, and Spring Prairie town (0.585) 1.015

41. Darien town, Darien village, Delavan city, Delavan town, Elkhorn city, Geneva town, La Grange town, Lafayette town, Richmond town, Sugar Creek town, Troy town, Whitewater city, and Whitewater town. 0.998

42. Walworth: Fontana-on-Geneva Lake village, Sharon town, Sharon village, Walworth town, Walworth village, and Williams Bay village (0.196) Rock: ... (). 0.982

The three assembly districts that include part of Walworth County form a senate district. All of the county is in the senate district, and it has a majority of the district population, which somewhat makes up for the division among three assembly districts.



Rock County is entitled to 2.791 districts. It will have two whole districts, and a third district that will extend into Walworth County. Janesville (1.107) is slightly larger than a district and will have to divided. To keep all of Janesville in one senate district, the small surplus will be placed in the other district wholly in Rock County. This then places Beloit into the district that extends into Walworth County. While it be nice to include Beloit town with Beloit city, this does not work out population wise.

42. Walworth: Fontana-on-Geneva Lake village, Sharon town, Sharon village, Walworth town, Walworth village, and Williams Bay village (0.196) Rock: Beloit city, Bradford town, Clinton town, Clinton village, Johnstown town, La Prairie town, and Turtle town (0.786) 0.982

43. Janesville city (all but 5, 1.007) 1.007

The map is kind of messy. The annexed areas on the south and west are in AD-43. The annexed areas to the northeast are counted within Ward 5 and are part of AD-44.

44. Avon town, Beloit town, Brodhead city, Center town, Edgerton city, Evansville city, Footville village, Fulton town, Harmony town, Janesville city (ward 5, 0.100), Janesville town, Lima town, Magnolia town, Milton city, Milton town, Newark town, Orfordville village, Plymouth town, Porter town, Rock town, Spring Valley town, and Union town. 0.998

Districts 43 and 44, along with a district in Green and Dane county will form a senate district.

[muon2]

Here's my detail for Madison. Dane and Iowa counties are only 5319 under the quota for 9 ADs and 3 SDs so they are grouped together here. Madison is only 3433 over the quota for 4 ADs, but Maple Bluff, Monona, and Shorewood Hills are surrounded by Madison and water. They have a combined population of 10411 and if combined with Madison are too big for 4 ADs within the 5% deviation limit.

Within Madison groupings were made with adjacent towns to reduce erosity. Wards were lined up from the 2008 set on DRA and the current wards used in the Atlas 2012 data. The map reflects ADs that can reasonably compare 2008 to 2012 voting data.



AD 43 (Sun Prairie): deviation -825; PVI D+10 (9.9, 9.9)
AD 44 (Monona): deviation +1152; PVI D+23 (21.5, 23.6)
AD 45 (Madison - North Side): deviation -1211; PVI D+32 (30.7, 32.8 )

AD 46 (Madison - UW): deviation -794; PVI D+28 (29.3, 26.7)
AD 47 (Madison - Arboretum): deviation 0; PVI D+28 (27.3, 28.8 )
AD 48 (Middleton): deviation -1597; PVI D+18 (17.9, 17.1)

AD 49 (Stoughton): deviation +572; PVI D+12 (12.6, 11.0)
AD 50 (Fitchburg): deviation -1998; PVI D+15 (15.7, 14.7)
AD 51 (Waunakee): deviation -618; PVI D+9 (10.0, 8.8 )

All 9 ADs here are solid D.

[muon2]

Here are the ADs for the lower WI river centered around the Dells. Columbia county gets 1 AD and La Crosse gets two, with one consisting of just La Crosse city and Campbell town. In this grouping there is only one county chop for SDs.



AD 52 (Platteville): deviation +2043; PVI D+7 (8.5, 5.2)
AD 53 (Richland Center): deviation +2345; PVI D+7 (8.3, 6.7)
AD 54 (Baraboo): deviation +1207; PVI D+7 (7.5, 7.1)

AD 55 (Tomah): deviation +1577; PVI R+1 (1.3, -2.3)
AD 56 (Onalaska): deviation +1721; PVI D+1 (1.9, 0.2)
AD 57 (La Crosse): deviation -1971; PVI D+14 (14.7, 14.0)

AD 58 (Marshfield): deviation +1646; PVI D+2 (2.3, 2.3)
AD 59 (Wisconsin Rapids): deviation +1610; PVI R+1 (3.7, -5.3)
AD 60 (Stevens Point): deviation +2371; PVI D+9 (11.6, 6.4)

AD 61 (Portage): deviation -611; PVI D+4 (4.0, 4.9)
AD 62 (Wautoma): deviation -1805; PVI R+7 (-5.3, -8.3)
AD 63 (Waupaca): deviation -1722; PVI R+4 (-2.4, -5.9)

In this region there are 5 solid D, 2 lean D (2 to 5), 3 even (0 or 1), 1 lean R, 1 solid R.

[muon2]

Here's the Lake Winnebago-Sheboygan area. A macrochop occurs at ten times the maximum deviation, which is 50% of an AD. With only a simple chop in Calumet, but a macrochop in Sheboygan, it lowers erosity to have 2 ADs nested in Sheboygan county matching what jimrtex suggested earlier. All of Calumet stays in the same SD so there is no cover penalty at that level.

The only chopped muni is Oshkosh which must be chopped at the AD level due to population. The 2008 wards were picked to be close to the 2012 wards for better comparison of votes.



AD 64 (Menasha): deviation -2181; PVI R+2 (0.1, -4.0)
AD 65 (Neenah): deviation -1656; PVI D+3 (3.8, 2.3)
AD 66 (Oshkosh): deviation -1501; PVI D+2 (2.7, 1.2)

AD 67 (Ripon): deviation +801; PVI R+13 (-10.9, -14.4)
AD 68 (Fond du Lac): deviation -512; PVI R+4 (-3.4, -3.7)
AD 69 (Harrison): deviation +1387; PVI R+6 (-3.8, -8.5)

AD 70 (Sheboygan): deviation +1182; PVI D+4 (4.9, 3.7)
AD 71 (Plymouth): deviation -563; PVI R+14 (-11.9, -16.2)
AD 72 (Manitowoc): deviation +594; PVI D+1 (2.2, -0.5)

In this group there are 3 lean D, 1 even, 2 lean R, and 3 solid R ADs

[Gass3268]

Just a heads up jimrtex that your Assembly District numbering is off. You missed District 30, went from 29 to 31.

[muon2]

Here's the Green Bay area. Green Bay city must be chopped at the AD level, but the plan was drawn to keep Green Bay city in one SD. The wards were grouped to make the closest comparison between 2008 and 2012. Appleton was not chopped in this plan, but it did annex extra wards after 2008. Those wards were left off the city total votes and kept in AD 73.



AD 73 (Grand Chute): deviation +2714; PVI R+7 (-4.0, -9.8 )
AD 74 (Kaukauna): deviation -313; PVI D+2 (5.3, -1.3)
AD 75 (Appleton): deviation +1942; PVI D+4 (5.5, 3.0)

AD 76 (Sturgeon Bay): deviation -2582; PVI D+1 (3.5, -1.4)
AD 77 (Green Bay - east): deviation -2549; PVI D+5 (6.2, 3.5)
AD 78 (Green Bay - west): deviation -2702; PVI D+6 (7.1, 5.6)

AD 79 (Suamico): deviation +1723; PVI R+4 (-1.2, -7.1)
AD 80 (Howard): deviation +1272; PVI R+4 (-2.6, -6.3)
AD 81 (De Pere): deviation -1548; PVI R+5 (-2.1, -7.4)

In this group there are 1 solid D, 3 lean D, 1 even, 3 lean R, and 1 solid R ADs