List of Alternate Presidents 2.0.

[Kingpoleon]

SATW, in your list is Benny Begin in the Knesset after his Presidency? I have always rather liked him.

[SATW]

SATW, in your list is Benny Begin in the Knesset after his Presidency? I have always rather liked him.

Nope, he retired from politics. Traditionally, people want to become President of Israel for one of a few reasons: 1.) elevate their political profile to either stay relevant (i.e. Rivlin) 2.) Finish off their political career on a high note (i.e. Peres) 3.) Influence Policy from a different standpoint (i.e. if they can't become PM, they'll run for President to try and talk about their issues).

None of the people I made President in this timeline had a major role in politics after serving and maybe one or two would return to the Knesset, but would serve as backbenchers or loyalists for whoever was their party's leader.

Tommy Lapid was the only one in my timeline who used the Presidency as an active tool to try and get his party into the Premiership. He resigned as President to run for his seat in Knesset/PM again, but lost badly and left office not long after (he dies IRL in 2008, so him leaving politics in 2005 is realistic).

[Kingpoleon]

Presidents of the Confederation of Madisonia*
1811-1826: James Madison(Independent, Reform)
1826-1831: John Quincy Adams(Federalist)
1831-1836: Martin Van Buren(Reform)
1836-1846: Zachary Taylor(Reform)
1846-1851: Andrew Jackson Donelson(People's)
1851-1861: Sam Houston(Reform)
1861-1866: John Bell(Reform)
1866-1876: Thomas Green Clemson(People's)
1876-1886: Ulysses S. Grant(Reform)
1886-1891: Edmund Pettus(People's)
1891-1901: Robert Todd Lincoln(Reform)
1901-1906: Frederick Dent Grant(Reform)
1906-1916: Woodrow Wilson(Heritage)
1916-1926: Charles Evan Hughes(Reform)
1926-1936: Charles W. Bryan(People's-Heritage)
1936-1941: William L. M. King(Labour)
1941-1956: Thomas Dewey(Liberal)
1956-1961: Dwight Eisenhower(Heritage-Liberal)
1961-1962: Adlai Stevenson II**(Liberal-Labour)
1962: Harry S. Truman(Liberal)
1962-1971: Eugene McCarthy(Labour-Liberal, Labour-Heritage)
1971-1981: Nelson Rockefeller(Liberal-Labour, Liberal)
1981: Kim Campbell**(Liberal-Labour)
1981-1991: Gerald Ford(Liberal-Freedom-Heritage, Liberal)
1991-1996: Mark Hatfield(Freedom-Labour)
1996-2002: Paul Tsongas***(Labour-Liberal, Labour-Freedom)
2002: Jack Layton(Labour)
2002-2011: Bob Barr(Freedom-Labour)
2011-: Scott Brison(Liberal-Independent Labour-Independent Freedom, United Liberal)

*America, Canada, plus most of the Caribbean, the Yucatán, Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora, the Central American states(south of Mexico, north of Colombia), and an expanded Liberia
**Assassinated
***Died of natural causes

[SATW]

Before I get started:

in 1960, the 2nd year of Bar-Rav-Hai's premiership, Israel adopted electoral reforms. Israel transitioned from it's IRL list system to a proportional/Multi-member district system. This system is not as strong as other proportional systems are (thus Israel still having a ton of election years in my TL, but it is strong enough to secure lengthy terms for most PMs.)

Israel's Presidency became an integral part of coalition bargaining. A good example is Bibi's coalitions. He didn't have a Prez from his party at any point during his PMship due to him rationing it off to coalition partners. Part of why this happened was because I decided to keep Israel's original system for electing Presidents, which was pretty much right after any election year (the Knesset votes on selecting Presidents, IRL and in my TL).

Today, Israel has a single term of 7 years for Presidents. and before that 5 year terms with no term limit.  So much different system.


Political Parties:
- Mapai (1949-Current) Center-Left to Left; Social Democracy (Formerly Democratic Socialism); Labor Zionism
- Herut (1949-Current) Center-Right to Right; Free Market economics; National Conservatism; Revisionist Zionism
- National Religious Party (NRP) (1949*-Current) Religious Zionism; Social Conservatism; Economically Centrist (at varying points in history); Jewish Democracy
- Democratic List for Unified Peace (1949**-Current)Center (Formerly Center-Left); Arab/Druze/Muslim/Christian Zionism; Arab Interests; Social Liberalism; Secularism
- Religious Torah Front (RTF) (1953-Current***): Religious Conservatism; Halacha; Ashkenazi-Sephardic/Mizrahi Haredi Unity; Haredi Ultra-Orthodox Interests
- General Zionists (1949-1961****) Center to Center-Right; Liberalism; Zionism; Free-Market Economics
- Progressive Party (1949-1961****) Center to Center-Left; Social Liberalism; Liberalism; Zionism; Secularism
- Liberal Party (1961-Current) Center; Classical Liberalism; Free-Market Economics; Social Liberalism; Zionism
- Meretz (1967-Current*****)Left; Secularism; Green Zionism; Labor Zionism; Feminism; Social Democracy (Formerly Democratic Socialism); Social Justice
- Arabic Coalition of Resistance (1967-1972; 1980-Current******): Left and Right; Arab Nationalism; Palestinian Nationalism; Anti-Zionism; Democratic Socialism; Political and Religious Islam; Social Conservatism
- Yisrael BaAliyah (1995-Current) Center to Center-Right; Russian Jewish Interests; Post-USSR Jewish Immigrant Interests; Revisionist Zionism; Classical Liberalism; Secularism

* NRP was known as United Religious Front from 1949-1953, when the Haredi/Ultra-Orthodox parties broke away. The remaining factions renamed themselves NRP in 1953. It's two main factions, today, include a Stable Israel Faction and a Greater Israel Faction. The former is more moderate on foreign policy/the peace process/religiosity while the latter is much more hawkish and and has more fervor to it's social conservatism. The second faction is also more likely pro-free market views on the economy, while the first is more populist, and in some cases, aligned with Mapai.

** Formerly known as the Democratic List for Nazareth and the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs. This is the Pro-Zionist Arab party in this timeline. They were originally aligned with Mapai as a center-left coalition partner throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. In the 1980s, the traditionally center-left party drifted towards the center and focused on becoming a big tent, Pro-Arab, Pro-Zionist party. It represents Muslims, Druze, and Christians in Israel. It has coalitioned w/ right-leaning governments in recent years, but still prefers Mapai-led governments.

*** The Haredi Ultra-Orthodox Parties broke away from what is now known as the NRP in 1953 and launched their own party. It started off mainly as an Ashkenazi Haredi Party, but in 1974, after the Yom Kippur War, opened up a small Sephardic/Mizrahi faction. In 1976, after the Herut Party won it's first election, the RTF gave equal representation to Ashkenazi and Sephardic/Mizrahi wings. Herut had a ton of Sephardic/Mizrahi support, due to their, general, support for their interests, and RTF wanted in on a coalition government. They are MUCH weaker than IRL and the NRP has much more influence in this timeline's version of Israel.

**** General Zionists and Progressives merge into the Liberal Party in 1961. From 1961-1983 it was seen as a natural ally for the Israeli right, as it existed mainly to oppose Mapai. From 1983-2000, it played a big role in the governments of both the left and the right. 2000-2005 it was aligned with Netanyahu very closely. Since 2005, it has been more a natural ally for Mapai and its allies on social and equality issues. It is still more aligned w/ Herut on the economy and some foreign policy issues, but, for the time being, it seems more inclined to talk about social issues.

***** The main left-wing opposition to Mapai. Formed after the Six-Day War to promote peace between Israel and the Palestinians and the rest of the Arab World. It was originally named Democratic Camp for Peace (1967-1979) and the Progressive Camp for Peace (1979-1990) before becoming Meretz in 1990, right before the elections. The Party is made up of remnants Mapam and Maki. Ratz, another left-wing party, merged w/ Meretz in 1990.

****** A New Arabic party, almost entirely Muslim, but with some other minority religious support, was born after the Six-Day War. This party, unlike Democratic List for Unified Peace, was very much Anti-Zionist and Anti-Israel. It resembles the IRL version of the Joint Arab List alliance in the Knesset. They were originally called the Palestinian Unification Front until they were banned in 1972 for providing material and political support for Islamic and Secular Palestinian terrorist organizations. It particularly voiced its support for the Munich Massacre. They were allowed to return under a different name in 1980, by the Israeli Supreme Court, once it deemed the party harmless to the Israeli population.

[SATW]

Minor Parties:

Mapam (1949-1969) Socialist Party; Aligned w/ USSR (lol) until 1953 when one of their guys was persecuted and arrested in Prague for "being apart of a zionist conspiracy." Denounced the USSR and in the next elections were allowed to coalition w/ Mapai. Remained a minor coalition partner for Mapai until they merged w/ what is now known as Meretz in the late 1960s.
Maki (1949-1967)Communist party; nothing to see here, they were useless.
WIZO: WIZO is a women's Jewish group. They ran in 1949 elections IRL. Their only MK, only served from 1949-1951, joined the Liberals in the 1960s and was elected to Knesset again.

Sephardim and Oriental Communities (1949-1967) Self-explanatory, Sephardic/Mizrahi interests. Coalitioned w/ Mapai for first few governments (1949-1959). It's first leader, Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit, would join Mapai in 1951, to create a Sephardic/Mizrahi presence in that party, despite its historic tensions w/ their community. In 1963, despite Sheetrit being Israel's first non-Ashkenazi president, this party decided to align itself with the opposition (Liberals and Herut), and joined their coalition gov't in 1965 and dissolved as a party in 1967, right before the Six-Day War. The party's MKs and voters split between the Liberals and Herut, depending on where they lived.

It was led by Eliyahu Eliashar from 1951-1967. His total Knesset service was from 1949-1974.


Yemenite Association   (1949-1967) Yemenite Interests party. Served in Mapai Coaliton from 1949-1952, before becoming an opposition party. It would later align itself w/ the Liberals, Sephardim and Oriental Communities and Herut. In 1967, right before the war, they dissolved. Members split between Herut and the Liberals.

Ratz (1973-1990) A minor left-wing party that merged w/ Meretz in 1990.

[dw93]

"I shall not Seek and Will not Accept the Republican Nomination for another Term as Your President in 1956":

34. Dwight Eisenhower (Republican): 1953-1957

35. Richard Nixon (Republican): 1957-1965

36. John F. Kennedy(Democratic): 1965-1973

37. Terry Sanford (Democratic): 1973-1977

38. Howard Baker (Republican): 1977-1981

39. Walter Mondale (Democratic): 1981-1985

40. Jack Kemp (Republican): 1985-1993

41. Lamar Alexander (Republican): 1993-1997

42. Mario Cuomo (Democratic): 1997-2003*

43. Al Gore (Democratic): 2003-2009

44. Jeb Bush (Republican): 2009-2017

45. Russ Feingold (Democratic): 2017-Incumbent

*= Assassinated in the March 2003 Terrorist Attack in Chicago.

[MadmanMotley]

No Eisenhower:

Sen. Robert Taft/Gov. Earl Warren 1953-1953

VP. Earl Warren/Vacant* 1953-1957

Sen. Stuart Symington/Gov. W. Averell Harriman 1957-1961

Sen. Barry Goldwater Sr./Gov. Cecil H. Underwood 1961-1969

Gov. Robert Kennedy/Sen. Vance Hartke 1969-1977

Gov. John Connally/Sen. Larry Pressler** 1977-1979

VP. Larry Pressler/Gov. Ronald Reagan 1979-1981

Sen. Ted Kennedy/Sen. John Glenn** 1981

VP. John Glenn/Sen. Gary Hart 1981-1989

Sen. Barry Goldwater Jr./Gov. Richard Nixon 1989-1996

SoS. Elizabeth Dole/Rep. Duncan Hunter 1996-2001

Sen. Bob Kerrey/Gov. Bill Clinton,*** Gov. Hillary Rodham 2001-2009

Gov. Buddy Roemer/Gov. Bill Weld 2009-2017

Businessman. Donald Trump/Sen. Jim Webb 2017-20??


*Robert Taft dies like ITTL, what is now the 25th Amendment passes in 1956, though it is now the 23rd Amendment
**Assassinated
***After sexual assault allegations (nothing proven), Bill Clinton resigned from the VP position. Hillary Rodham, Governor of New York took his place.

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

34. Douglas MacArthur (Republican-New York)/Earl Warren (Republican-California) January 20th, 1949-January 20th, 1957
35. John William Bricker (Republican-Ohio)/Richard Milhous Nixon (Republican-California) January 20th, 1957-January 20th, 1961
36. Ronald Wilson Reagan (Democrat-California)/John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Democrat-Massachusetts) January 20th, 1961-June 19th, 1963
37. John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Democrat-Massachusetts)/vacant, William Stuart Symington, Jr. (Democrat-Missouri) June 19th, 1963-January 20th, 1969
38. Richard Milhous Nixon (Republican-California)/John Bayard Anderson (Republican-Illinois) January 20th, 1969-January 20th, 1981
39. John Bayard Anderson (Republican-Illinois)/George Herbert Walker Bush (Republican-Texas) January 20th, 1981-January 20th, 1985
40. Gary Hart (Democrat-Colorado)/William Jefferson Clinton (Democrat-Arkansas) January 20th, 1985-January 20th, 1993
41. Henry Ross Perot (Republican-Texas)/Henry John Heinz, III (Republican-Pennsylvania) January 20th, 1993-January 20th, 2001
42. Albert Arnold Gore, Jr. (Democrat-Tennessee)/Joseph Isadore Lieberman (Democrat-Connecticut) January 20th, 2001-January 20th, 2009
43. Joseph Isadore Lieberman (Democrat-Connecticut)/Mark Robert Warner (Democrat-Virginia) January 20th, 2009-January 20th, 2013
44. Jon Meade Huntsman, Jr. (Republican-Utah)/James Henry Webb, Jr. (Republican-Virginia) January 20th, 2013-Present

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

"People look at you, they see what they want to be. They look at me, they see who they are." Haunted throughout his inaugural months as the nation's chief executive, the young and ambitious President Nixon sought to permanently crush the liberal Republicans and pave the way for his own legacy.

34. Dwight David Eisenhower (Republican-New York)/Richard Milhous Nixon (Republican-California) January 20th, 1953-September 24th, 1955
35. Richard Milhous Nixon (Republican-California)/Christian Archibald Herter (Republican-Massachusetts) September 24th, 1955-January 20th, 1965
36. Eugene Joseph McCarthy (Democrat-Minnesota)/Lyndon Baines Johnson (Democrat-Texas) January 20th, 1965-January 20th, 1973
37. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (Republican-Illinois)/Howard Henry Baker, Jr. (Republican-Tennessee) January 20th, 1973-January 20th, 1981
38. Thomas Francis Eagleton (Democrat-Missouri)/Lloyd Millard Bentsen, Jr. (Democrat-Texas) January 20th, 1981-January 20th, 1989
39. George Herbert Walker Bush (Republican-Texas)/Richard Bruce Cheney (Republican-Wyoming) January 20th, 1989-January 20th, 1993
40. Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr. (Democrat-Delaware)/Paul Efthemios Tsongas (Democrat-Massachusetts), Charles Spittal Robb (Democrat-Virginia)
41. Richard Bruce Cheney (Republican-Wyoming)/Oliver Laurence North (Republican-Virginia) January 20th, 2001-March 5th, 2003
42. Oliver Laurence North (Republican-Virginia)/Joseph Isadore Lieberman (Independent Democrat-Republican-Connecticut) March 5th, 2003-January 20th, 2009
43. Gary Warren Hart (Democrat-Colorado)/Harold Eugene Ford, Jr. (Democrat-Tennessee) January 20th, 2009-January 20th, 2017
44. George Walker Bush (Republican-Texas)/Condoleezza Rice (Republican-California)
 January 20th, 2017-Present

[Kamala]

35. Richard Nixon 1961-1974*
36. Gerald Ford 1974-1977
37. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981
38. Richard Nixon 1981-1994**
39. Larry Pressler 1994-1997
40. Bill Clinton 1997-2005
41. Hillary Rodham-Clinton 2005-2013
42. Bill Clinton 2013-2017
43. Hillary Rodham-Clinton 2017-

*Resigned
**Died

[NHI]

44. John Forbes Kerry: (D-MA) 2005-2009
45. Michael Huckabee: (R-AR) 2009-2013
46. Hillary Rodham Clinton: (D-NY) 2013-Present

[P. Clodius Pulcher did nothing wrong]

39. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter (Democratic-Ga.) 1977-1980^†

• V.P. Walter Frederick Mondale (D-Minn.) 1977-1980

40. Walter Frederick Mondale (Dem-Minn.) 1980-1989

• V.P. Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (Dem-Wash.) 1981-1989

41. Michael Stanley Dukakis (Dem-Mass.) 1989-1993

• V.P. Lloyd Bentsen (D-Texas] 1989-1993

42. Henry Ross Perot (Reform-Texas) 1993-2001

• V.P. James Bond Stockdale (No party-Calif.) 1993-2001

43. Andrew Lamar Alexander Jr. (Ref-Tenn.) 2001-2005

• V.P. Joseph Isadore Lieberman (Ref-Conn.)[/color]

44. Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Union-Tenn.) 2005-2009

• V.P. Bob Graham (Union-Fla.)[/color]

45. John Sidney McCain III (Ref-Ariz.) 2009-2014^R

• V.P. Sarah Louise Palin (Freedom-Alaska) 2009-2013
• V.P. Charles Joseph "Charlie" Crist Jr. (Ref-Fla.) 2013-2014

46. Charles Joseph "Charlie" Crist (Ref-Fla.) 2014-2017

• V.P. Mary Fallin (Free-Okla.) 2016-2017

47. Kamala Devi Harris (Labor-Calif.) 2017-present

• V.P. Joe Manchin (Union-W.V.) 2017-present

[sentinel]

Alternate Presidents

26. Theodore Roosevelt (Republican Party), September 1901 - March 1909
27. William H. Taft* (Republican Party), March 1909 - October 1909

• 1908: def. Williams Jennings Bryan/John W. Kern
• Assassinated in El Paso, TX

28. James S. Sherman* (Republican Party), October 1909 - October 1912

• Died in office of natural causes; Republican nominee in 1912

30. Philander C. Knox (Republican Party), October 1912 - March 1913
31. Theodore Roosevelt* (Bull Moose Party), March 1913 - January 1919

• 1912: def. James S. Sherman/Nicholas Butler & Woodrow Wilson/Thomas Marshall
• 1916: def. Philander C. Knox/Charles Fairbanks & Thomas Marshall/Robert Latham Owen
• Died in office of natural causes.

32. Albert J. Beveridge (Bull Moose Party), January 1919 - March 1925

• 1920: def. Carter Glass/Homer Cummings & Frank Orren Lowden/William Cameron Sproul

33. James M. Cox (Democratic Party), March 1925 - January 1933

• 1924: def. Albert Beveridge/John Garner & Lucius Littauer/Joseph France
• The 1924 election marked the fourth election in a row in which the Republican nominee came in third place
• 1928: def. Robert M. LaFolette, Sr./A. Mitchell Palmer & various minor candidates

34. Henry Ford (Bull Moose Party), January 1933 - January 1937

• 1932: def. James R. Garfield/Charles Curtis & Reed Smooth/Hanford MacNider
• The 1932 elected is widely considered the dying breath of the Republican Party and fortifying the Democratic Party's path to conservatism

35. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (Bull Moose Party), January 1937 - July 1944

• 1936: def. Pres. Henry Ford in Bull Moose primary; def. James A. Farley/Arthur Vandenberg
• 1940: def. Robert A. Taft/Paul McNutt
• Died of natural causes in 1944. Was not seeking reelection.

36. William Bankhead (Bull Moose Party), July 1944 - January 1945

• Despite losing the 1944 election, Pres. Bankhead pushed for a constitutional amendment allowing the Cabinet to remove the President in the case of illness or mental instability. It would be ratified a year later.

37. John W. Bricker (Democratic Party), January 1945 - January 1953

• 1944: def. William Bankhead/Henry Wallace
• 1948: def. Estes Kefauver/W. Averell Harriman

38. Richard Russell (Democratic Party), January 1953 - January 1957

• 1952: def. Robert S. Kerr/Hubert Humphrey
• Pres. Russell would be challenged from the left of his party due to his hardliner policies on racial segregation. Russell would defeat the challenger and secure nomation for reelection.

39. Hubert Humphrey (Bull Moose Party), January 1957 - January 1969

• 1956: def. Richard Russell/Douglas MacArthur
• 1960: def. Douglas MacArthur/George Bender
• 1964: def. Stuart Symington/Lyndon B. Johnson

40. Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (Democratic Party),  January 1969 - January 1977

• A constitutional amendment passed during the Lodge Administration limiting a president to two consecutive terms. Another term must intervene before serving a third term.
• def. 1968: William Scranton/Gerald Ford
• def. 1972: Eugene McCarthy/Dan Moore

41. Christopher "Kit" Bond (Democratic Party), January 1977 - January 1981

• 1976: def. Daniel P. Moynihan/Birch Bayh
• Bond would lose the popular vote while winning the electoral college

42. Daniel P. Moynihan (Bull Moose Party), January 1981 - January 1985

• 1980: def. Kit Bond/Frank Church
• Did not seek reelection in 1984

43. Mo Udall (Bull Moose Party), January 1985 - January 1989[/color]

• 1984: def. Lowell Weicker/John Anderson

44. Christopher "Kit" Bond (Democratic Party), January 1989 - January 1997

• 1988: def. Mo Udall / John Connally
• 1992: def. Jerry Brown / Alexander Haig

45. L. Douglas Wilder (Bull Moose Party), January 1997 - January 2005

• 1996: def. Lamar Alexander/Jimmy Griffin
• 2000: def. Orrin Hatch / Al Gore

46. Al Gore Jr. (Democratic Party) , January 2005 - January 2009

• 2004: def. Roy Romer/Tom Vilsack

47. Howard Dean (Bull Moose Party), January 2009 - January 2017

• 2008: def. Al Gore Jr./Fob Jamesr; Gore won the popular vote
• 2012: def. Al Gore Jr./Mark Warner

48. Hillary Rodham (Democratic Party), January 2017 - Present

• 2016: def. Bernard Sanders/Lincoln Chaffee
  

Maps

1912

T. Roosevelt/A. Beveridge (Bull Moose) - 322 EV; 44.78% PV
James S. Sherman (deceased)/Nicholas Butler (Republican) - 0 EV; 5.79% PV
Woodrow Wilson/Thomas Marshall (Democratic) - 209 EV; 41.84% PV
Eugene Debbs (Socialist) - 5.99% PV
Other - Approx 1.38%

1916

T. Roosevelt/A. Beveridge (Bull Moose) - 290 EV; 46.12% PV
Philander C. Knox/Charles Fairbanks (Republican) - 42 EV; 23.7% PV
Thomas Marshall/Robert Latham Owen (Democratic) - 199 EV; 30% PV
Other - ~1%

1920

A. Beveridge/John Garner (Bull Moose) - 226 EV, 42% PV
Carter Glass/Homer Cummings (Democratic) - 214 EV, 39% PV
Frank Orren Lowden/William Cameron Sproul (Republican) 91 EV; 19% EV

1924

James Cox/Thomas Hardwick(Democratic) - 364 EV; 50.7% PV
A. Beveridge/John Garner (Bull Moose) 167 EV; 42.1% PV
Lucius Littauer/Joseph France (Republican) 0 EV; 7.2% PV

1928

James Cox/Thomas Hardwick(Democratic) - 374 EV; 52.2% PV
Robert M. LaFolette, Sr./A. Mitchell Palmer  - 157 EV; 37.8% PV
Various Minor candidates (Republican) - 0 EV; ~5% PV
Other - 3% PV

1932

Henry Ford/Gifford Pinchot (Bull Moose Party) - 296 EV; 49.3% PV
James R. Garfield/Charles Curtis (Democratic) - 235 EV; 42% PV
Reed Smooth/Hanford MacNider (Republican) - 0 EV; 7.7% PV
Other - 1%

[SATW]

Israeli Party Leaders: (Continuing off my Alternate Israeli PMs/Presidents list)


Mapai
1. David Ben Gurion: 1949-1959
2. David Bar-Rav-Hai: 1959-1965
3. Levi Eshkol: 1965-1969 * Dies
4. Golda Meir: 1969-1976
5. Shlomo Hillel: 1976-1981
6. Chaim Herzog: 1981-1990
7. Mordechai Gur: 1990-1991
8. Yitzhak Rabin: 1991-1993
9. Shimon Peres: 1993-1996
10. Ehud Barak: 1996-2002
11. Dalia Itzik: 2002-2007
12. Isaac Herzog: 2007-2012
13. Shelly Yachimovich: 2012-Current


Herut
1. Menachem Begin: 1949-1983
2. Yitzhak Shamir: 1983-1987
3. David Levy: 1987-1990
4. Moshe Arens: 1990-1998
5. Dan Meridor: 1998-2000
6. Benjamin Netanyahu: 2000-2011
7. Yuli-Yoel Edelstein: 2011-2015
8. Miri Regev: 2015-Current

General Zionists
1. Israel Rokach: 1949-1959 * Dies
2. Peretz Bernstein: 1959-1961
(Merges into the Liberal Party)
Liberals
1. Peretz Bernstein: 1961-1963
2. Zalman Abramov: 1963-1971
3. Batsheva Katznelson: 1971-1974
4. Zvi Zimmerman: 1974-1980
5. Shmuel Tamir: 1980-1987 * Dies
6. Yitzhak Moda'i: 1987-1994
7. Avraham Poraz: 1994-1996
8. Tommy Lapid: 1996-2006*
9. Victor Brailovsky: 2006-2007
10. Nachman Shai: 2007-2011
11. Yair Lapid: 2011-Current

National Religious Party
1. Haim-Moshe Shapira: 1949-1970 * Dies
2. Yosef Burg: 1970-1978
3. Daniel-Yitzhak Levy: 1978-1987
4. Zevulun Hammer: 1987-1996
5. Yitzhak Levy: 1996-2009
6. Uri Orbach: 2009-2013
7. Naftali Bennett: 2013-Current

Democratic List for Unified Peace
1. Seif el-Din el-Zoubi: 1949-1959
2. Salah-Hassan Hanifes: 1959-1965
1. Seif el-Din el-Zoubi: 1965-1978
3. Elias Nakhleh: 1978-1987
4. Zeidan Atashi: 1987-2002
5. Majalli Wahabi: 2002-2011
6. Gabriel Naddaf: 2011-Current

Democratic Camp for Peace
1. Uri Avnery: 1967-1979
(Merges into Progressive Camp)
Progressive Camp for Peace
1. Uri Avnery: 1979-1981
2. Shalom Cohen: 1981-1990
(Merges into Meretz)
Meretz
1. Shulamit Aloni: 1990-1999
2. Yael Dayan: 1999-2002*
3. Uzi Even: 2002-2005
4. Yossi Beilin: 2005-2009
5. Zehava Gal-On: 2009-2013
6. Nitzan Horowitz: 2013-Current

Yisrael BaAliyah
1. Natan Sharansky: 1996-2005
2. Yuli-Yoel Edelstein: 2005-2008**
3. Avigdor Lieberman: 2008-Current

* Serves as Israeli President while serving as Party Leader (Yael Dayan and Tommy Lapid)
** Resigns as Party Leader and joins Herut (Yuli-Yoel Edelstein)

Palestinian Unification Front
1. Abdullah Nimar Darwish: 1967-1972***
(Party Banned; Darwish arrested)
Arabic Coalition of Resistance
1. Tawfiq Ziad: 1980-1990
2. Mohammed Miari: 1990-1995
3. Azmi Bishara: 1995-2000 ****
4. Jamal Zahalka: 2000-2007 ****
5. Masud Ghnaim: 2007-2008 ****
6. Mohammad Barakeh: 2008-2011
7. Ahmad Tibi: 2011-2015
8. Ayman Odeh: 2015-Current

*** Darwish arrested multiple times from 1972-1976 for his behavior at protests; In 1977, a few years earlier than IRL, he was arrested for his connections to terror groups. He would be in prison until 1983. His former party, which was unbanned in 1980, disassociated from him.

By 1990, Darwish denounced extremism and espoused less extreme versions of his previous, anti-Zionist views.

**** Bishara flees Israel to go into hiding in Qatar in 2007 due to his connections and financial ties to Hezbollah. Israel stripped his parliamentary immunity and was close to an indictment.

ACR Leader Jamal Zahalka, himself known for controversy, refused to denounce Bishara and faced backlash from all sides in Israel.

Zahalka resigned as party leader/from the Knesset shortly before the 2007 elections, throwing his party into chaos, due to this pressure. He was replaced by an equally stubborn Masud Ghnaim for the elections. Ghnaim was forced out after big losses.

[DKrol]

Just a bit more background for my UKNA TL

List of Prime Ministers since the Western Pact
1. Schuyler Colfax, Whig - 1870-1882
- Elected in 1870, 1875, 1880
2. Winfield Scott Hancock, Liberal - 1882-1890
- Elected in 1882, 1885
3. James G. Blaine, Whig - 1890-1896
- Elected in 1890, 1895
4. William McKinley, Whig - 1896-1907
- Elected in 1899, 1902
5. Theodore Roosevelt, People’s Party - 1907-1912
- Elected in 1907,
6. Charles Evans Hughes, Whig - 1912-1920
- Elected in 1912, 1916
7. William Gibbs McAdoo, Progressive - 1920-1925
- Elected in 1920, 1924
8. Hiram Johnson, Progressive - 1925-1929
- Never received own electoral mandate
9. Al Smith, Liberal - 1929-1930
- Elected in 1929
10. Herbert Hoover, Conservative - 1930-1931
- Elected in 1930
11. Herbert Hoover, National Government - 1931-1937
- Elected in 1931
12. Henry Wallace, Liberal - 1937-1945
- Elected in 1937, 1941
13. Thomas Dewey, Conservative leading a Conservative Minority Government - 1945-1950
- Elected in 1945
14. Harry Truman, Working Man’s Party - 1950-1959
- Elected in 1950, 1953, 1958
15. John F. Kennedy, Liberal - 1959-1969
- Elected in 1959, 1964
16. Richard Nixon, Conservative - 1969-1975
- Elected in 1969, 1972
17. Bob Dole, Conservative - 1975-1977
- Never received own electoral mandate
18. Jimmy Carter, Working Man’s Party leading a Working Man’s Party-Dixie Unionist Party Coalition - 1977-1982
- Elected in 1977
19. George H.W. Bush, Conservative - 1982-1991
- Elected in 1982, 1987
20. Jimmy Carter, Working Man’s Party leading a Working Man’s Party Minority Government - 1991-1993
- Elected in 1991
21. Michael Dukakis, Liberal - 1993-1997
- Elected in 1993
22. George W. Bush, Conservative - 1997-Present
- Elected in 1997, 2002, 2007

[Kingpoleon]

The Twenty Years Curse: In Three Ways
1977-1981: Jimmy Carter/Walter Mondale
1981: Ronald Reagan/Edward Brooke
1981-1989: Edward Brooke/George H. W. Bush
1989-1993: George H. W. Bush/Mark Hatfield
1993-2001: Al Gore/Sam Nunn(D)
2001-2002: Paul Tsongas/Christine Todd Whitman(R)
2002-2009: Christine Todd Whitman/Howard Baker(R)
2009-2017: Jim DeMint/Harold Ford, Jr.(D)
2017-: John Kasich/Condoleezza Rice(R)

Defeated Tickets:
1976: Gerald Ford/Bob Dole, Ross Perot/Eugene McCarthy
1980: Jimmy Carter/Walter Mondale, John Rarick/George Wallace
1984: Walter Mondale/Bill Clinton
1988: Michael Dukakis/George Mitchell
1992: George H. W. Bush/Mark Hatfield
1996: Bob Dole/John Kasich, Ross Perot/James Stockdale
2000: Richard Shelby/Mike Huckabee
2004: Mike Huckabee/Walter B. Jones, Jr.
2008: Nancy Landon Kassebaum/Ed Zschau
2012: Ileana Ros-Lehtinehen/Howard Dean
2016: Harold Ford, Jr./Rick Santorum, Ross Perot, Jr./James Stavridis

[Kamala]

What causes Tsongas and DeMint to switch parties?

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

What causes Tsongas and DeMint to switch parties?

KP's fetishization of a sensible, moderate, socially liberal, Northern GOP. That said, Paully T's '92 platform, while perhaps conservative compared to the pre-'92 Dems, nevertheless struck a populist and nationalist tone. His campaign book was "A Call to Economic Arms", for God's sake.

[P. Clodius Pulcher did nothing wrong]

2012: Ileana Ros-Lehtinehen/Howard Dean

Besides this pair being very hard to imagine, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen is not eligible to be President since she is a naturalized citizen

[Kingpoleon]

What causes Tsongas and DeMint to switch parties?

KP's fetishization of a sensible, moderate, socially liberal, Northern GOP. That said, Paully T's '92 platform, while perhaps conservative compared to the pre-'92 Dems, nevertheless struck a populist and nationalist tone. His campaign book was "A Call to Economic Arms", for God's sake.

You must be logged in to read this quote.

I don't mind doing the opposite with the political parties, but it's so much harder. Even after Bill Clinton's stunning success and promising popularity caused by budgetary balance, his ideology of a "social liberal and economic moderate" never really took off.

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

What causes Tsongas and DeMint to switch parties?

KP's fetishization of a sensible, moderate, socially liberal, Northern GOP. That said, Paully T's '92 platform, while perhaps conservative compared to the pre-'92 Dems, nevertheless struck a populist and nationalist tone. His campaign book was "A Call to Economic Arms", for God's sake.

You must be logged in to read this quote.

I don't mind doing the opposite with the political parties, but it's so much harder. Even after Bill Clinton's stunning success and promising popularity caused by budgetary balance, his ideology of a "social liberal and economic moderate" never really took off.

It certainly is "more likely" within the context of the second half of the twentieth century. And as for Tsongas, he is one of my favorite Democrats to play around with in terms of timelines; I read part of "A Call to Economic Arms", and there was a focus on the nation's trade deficit, and I believe on wages. He was clearly nationalistic and took a tone I rather enjoyed--both interested in fiscal responsibility and the state of the nation's industrial infrastructure.

[P. Clodius Pulcher did nothing wrong]

43. George W. Bush (R-TX) 2001-2009 / Dick Cheney (R-WY) 2001-2005^†, Tom Ridge (R-PA) 2006-2009
44. Barack Obama (D-IL) 2009-2013 / Joe Biden (D-DE) 2009-2013
45. Jon Huntsman (R-UT) 2013-2017 / Marco Rubio (R-FL) 2013-2017
46. Barack Obama (D-IL) 2017-present / Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) 2017-present

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

43. George W. Bush (R-TX) 2001-2009 / Dick Cheney (R-WY) 2001-2005^†, Tom Ridge (R-PA) 2006-2009
44. Barack Obama (D-IL) 2009-2013 / Joe Biden (D-DE) 2009-2013
45. Jon Huntsman (R-UT) 2013-2017 / Marco Rubio (R-FL) 2013-2017
46. Barack Obama (D-IL) 2017-present / Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) 2017-present

Does the appointment of Tom Ridge institutionalize a greater willingness by the GOP to reach toward the center, or...?

[P. Clodius Pulcher did nothing wrong]

Does the appointment of Tom Ridge institutionalize a greater willingness by the GOP to reach toward the center, or...?

I guess so. I saw that Ridge endorsed Huntsman in the 2012 primaries, and this list is sort of a Tom Ridge stan's view of what would happen if he became more influential after serving at DHS.

[Kamala]

Roosevelt Lives - The New Deal Consesus
32. Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1949
33. Harry S. Truman 1949-1953
34. Fred M. Vinson 1953*
35. Estes Kefauver 1953-1961
36. Richard M. Nixon 1961-1963**
37. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 1963-1969
38. John F. Kennedy 1969-1972**
39. Frank F. Church 1972-1981
40. Mark Hatfield 1981-1989
41. Mario Cuomo 1989-1997
42. Ross Perot 1997-2001
43. Tom Harkin 2001-2009
44. Olympia Snowe 2009-2017
45. Russ Feingold 2017-

*Dies of natural causes
**Assassinated