Print Page - Where've You Gone, General Washington?

Introduction

In order to ring in the New Year, I am submitting the first update of this timeline to y'all. It is currently in the date-by-date format, modeled after the legendary "By a Fluke of the Gods: Cox Defeats Harding 1920 (https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?topic=62794.0)" written by PBrunsel. While not the most exciting of formats, I am looking to lay out the development of the Republic from the very beginning, noting the events of the world date-by-date. I am as of yet unsure of how far I can and will go on this. I have a basic list of Presidents spanning up to the 1850's. However, I still feel unqualified to try to write a story of this magnitude and thus may one day through my arms up in the air and say "screw it!" and just give up. It'll require a Hell of a lot of research to maintain. However, this first update was put together zealously in the last few days as I was bored and wanted to avoid the only other thing left to do, which is do homework (reminder to self: do it). I must credit what inspired me. The idea of doing a timeline from near the beginning of the nation was formed doing a paper on the 1796 election. I, being who I am, started thinking about changing things and what not. After a re-reading of part of Lief's "The American Monarchy (https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?topic=61177.0)" timeline, I read a suggestion by True Federalist offering the idea that John Adams be made king. That got me thinking. As well, I must credit Mechaman who first tried something like this a couple years ago with his "The America That Never Was (https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?topic=98325.0)" which was in a date-by-date format starting in 1783. As well, I feel I must credit Kalwejt whose recent robust and spontaneous new timeline "The Union Vanishes (https://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?topic=146131.0)" convinced me to think "What the Hell, this thing is useless just sitting on my computer! I should post it!" This first update may be subject to change should I get new ideas in my head. Some of the events in it are out of the blue, others, such as details of the French Revolution, follow the wikipedia article according. I expect I may be adding details as I look back and think to myself "Man, this is crap." However, to Hell with it all! I'm going to start this.

...Where have you gone, General Washington,
A nation turns its lonely eyes to you...

December 1st, 1788:
"...Therefore, I have no desire to enter politics, and wish to retire to the quite of Mount Vernon in the land I love, the state of Virginia, in a country that can gladly be called the United States of America." concludes the letter. Entitled "General Washington's Address to the American States", it is mailed to every state capitol and printed in every newspaper. A man many had considered the "Father of the Nation" has declined election to lead the nation. Many wonder who instead will be elected President.

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February 4th, 1789:
With state legislatures across the country deciding upon who their state's electors will choose, the outcome is finally revealed. United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom John Adams of Massachusetts is elected President. Adams served in both Continental Congresses and for many years as a diplomat in France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain. Winning the second largest amount of delegates is former South Carolina Governor John Rutledge. Rutledge was Governor of South Carolina during the Revolution and at the Constitutional Convention recommended that there only be one national executive as opposed to propositions for "co-Presidents" and the like. As well, Rutledge took part in the decisions that the Supreme Court not give advice to the President, and that people besides landowners should have the right to vote in order to avoid a term that later will be referred to as "class warfare".

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-Ambassador to Great Britain John Adams of Massachusetts: 41 electoral votes
-Former Governor John Rutledge of South Carolina: 28 electoral votes
-Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay of New York: 16 electoral votes
-Ambassador to France Thomas Jefferson of Virginia: 14 electoral votes
-Governor Samuel Huntington of Connecticut: 12 electoral votes
-Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts: 10 electoral votes
-Former Governor George Clinton of New York: 9 electoral votes
-Former Governor Edward Telfair of Georgia: 5 electoral votes
-General George Washington of Virginia: 3 electoral votes

March 4th, 1789:
The First United States Congress convenes in Federal Hall in New York City. Both chambers have Pro-Administration Majorities. The President Pro Tempore of the Senate is John Langdon of New Hampshire. The Speaker of the House of Representatives is Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania. Vice-President-elect John Rutledge will soon be joining the Senate as its President.

April 30th, 1789:
President John Adams and Vice-President John Rutledge, dubbed by the press as "John and John" are sworn in for their first terms as President and Vice-President, respectively, at Federal Hall in New York City. In borrowing a British custom, President Adams gives a speech. At one point in it he declares, "Historically, the centre of civilization has moved westward. First Greece, then Rome, finally moving to England. The only inevitable location of the next leader of the world is here in America. It is thanks not only to the statistics of history, but as well to the people, the land, and to their God, that we as well will one day be the centre of civilization." Such words help to rouse the public, though some believe the President doesn't have what it takes to get America to that point.

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May 5th, 1789:
In France, the Estates-General convenes in order to hear the grievances of the people and hopefully try to resolve France's financial problems. It opens with a speech by French economist and former financial adviser Jacques Necker. Immediately, the conflict between the Third Estate and the first two becomes apparent. It will not end well.

June 12th, 1789:
The Third Estate begins breaking from the first two. They proceed with the verification of its own powers and credentials and invites the other two states to do so as well, but does not wait for them.

June 17th, 1789:
Having completed verification, the Third Estates moves to a much more radical proposal, declaring themselves the National Assembly, representing not the Estates, but the People. United States Ambassador to France Thomas Jefferson, a friend of President Adams, begins writing to him of the possibilities for a Democratic Revolution in France.

June 20th, 1789:
Booted from the original meeting place of the Estates-General, and with weather not permitting an outdoors meeting, the National Assmebly convenes inside a tennis court. Taking the now famous Tennis Court Oath, they collectively swear "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established". With the obvious statement being made by the Assembly that power is derived from the people, not the monarch, Louis XVI orders the clergy and nobility to join with the Third Estate in the National Assembly. While this moment galvanizes the French Left, the Royalists and Conservatives realize that the people are in opposition and that more forceful counter-revolutionary tactics may be necessary.

July 4th, 1789:
The country once again celebrates the Fourth of July as the day of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Things such as toasts, speeches, thirteen gun salutes, and fireworks are becoming common for such celebrations. In New York, President Adams presides over the celebrations. Earlier this day, Adams signs the Tariff Act, which authorizes the collection of duties on imported goods. It is a piece of legislation that will prove quite important over the coming decades as tariffs remain the principle source of income for the federal government.

July 14th, 1789:
In response to the firing of Jacques Necker three days previous and to the fears that mercernaries under order of Kind Louis XVI are bearing down on them, protesters in Paris storm the fortress and prison known as the Bastille in order to gather the weapons that lay there. The protesters stab repeatedly and then decapitate Governor de Launey despite de Launey's calls for a cease fire. De Launey's head is then carried through the street on a pike.

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July 27th, 1789:
President Adams signs a bill re-authorizing the United States Department of Foreign Affairs. Originally created in 1781 by the Continental Congress, Adams re-appoints Foreign Affairs Secretary John Jay to the post. Jay is an experienced diplomat who Adams worked with in England. The only complaints come from those who think Jay is too biased towards the British.

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Meanwhile in Paris, King Louis XVI enters the Hotel de Ville to chants of "Long Live the Nation". Measures such as recalling Necker and capitulating to some Third Estate demands seemed to help reconcile the king and the people. However, many aristocrats view the "peace" as temporary and weak and have begun fleeing the country.

August 4th, 1789:
President Adams receives the letter written by Jefferson in France. One excerpt of it reads, "My friend, I am hopeful that the Revolution for which we so fought can and will be successfully spread here as well. We one day may see a new birth of freedom all across the globe." President Adams, however, is more wary of what he hears is happening in France. With travel, mail, and news taking six weeks to cross the Atlantic, there is little news, and no current news, to base an opinion on. Meanwhile, in France, feudalism is officially abolished, another triumph for the Third Estate and the National Assembly.

August 5th, 1789:
Even as President Adams re-reads the letter from Jefferson, a three week long spree of attacks on wealthy land-lords in the French country-side, committed by impovershed French farmers, is coming to its end. Despite Louis' concessions to the Third Estate, many believe that the aristocracy is out to crush revolution, and have acted on it. Despite this, Ambassador Jefferson continues writing to the President. His letters have become more fervently bent on the idea of French Democracy, something Adams believes will come to no good. "Our Revolution was not founded on mob rule," he writes, "but on a well executed and principled revolt against a foreign monarchy and the implementation of a Republic." Adams sees only anarchy when he thinks of the events that Jefferson describes to him.

August 26th, 1789:
The French National Assembly publishes its statement of principles, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It is much like the Declaration of Independence, produced only a bit more than thirteen years ago by the Americans.

September 2nd, 1789:
The United States Department of the Treasury is re-established. Its job is to advise the President on monetary and fiscal affairs as well as to look at policies from an economic and financial perspective. John Adams, wanting a man experienced with such affairs, asks Senator Robert Morris of Pennsylvania. Morris served as Superintendent of Finance during the Congressional Government and the Revolutionary War, from 1781 to 1784. During that time he established the Bank of North America which was the first financial institution chartered by the United States. He also was able to cut government funding by instituting reforms and taking competitive bids for contracts. Morris however, refuses and suggests friend Alexander Hamilton who shares many of Morris' ideas. Adams, after consideration, declines to appoint Hamilton, citing the fact that he does not know the man and that he is "too young for such a presitigious position". Hamilton is, after all, only 32 years old.

September 11th, 1789:
Adams appoints Samuel Osgood to be the nation's Treasury Secretary. Adams and Osgood do not know each other well, and Adams is unaware of many of Osgood's ideals. However, Osgood has experience in politics going back to 1775. Having served in both Houses of the Massachusetts Legislature, the greatest piece on his resume is that he worked as a comissioner of the Treasury, serving from 1785 to the dis-solving of the Congressional Government in 1788.

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September 12th, 1789:
President Adams re-appoints General Henry Knox to serve as the United States Secretary of War to head the Department of War, known in the colonial days as the Department at War.

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September 24th, 1789:
President Adams signs the Federal Judiciary Act, creating a six member Supreme Court in compliance with the Constitution which states "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court". Also, the act creates the position of Attorney General, a cabinet position whose holder is mainly responsible for representing the state before the Supreme Court. As well, the act lays out the details for the nation's inferior courts and creates the positions of United States Attorney and United States Marshal for judicial district. For Attorney General, in order to please Southerners and appoint someone Adams is ideologically in agreement with, young attorney, friend of General Washington, former member of the Virginia House of Delegates, and Revolutionary War veteran John Marshall of Virginia is appointed.

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September 26th, 1789:
Wanting a man he can trust in the position, President Adams appoints personal and family friend Dr. Cotton Tufts of Massachusetts the United States Post-Master General. Despite the opposition of Anti-Administration members of Congress, they are but a small problem in Tufts' confirmation and appointment. Hardly a "dream team", President Adams now has his cabinet assembled. Vice-President John Rutledge of South Carolina, Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay of New York, Treasury Secretary Samuel Osgood of New York, War Secretary Henry Knox of Massachusetts, Attorney General John Marshall of Virginia, and Post-Master General Cotton Tufts of Massachusetts. There is still no member of the cabinet from anywhere below Virginia except for the virtually powerless Vice-President Rutledge.

October 5th, 1789:
Amid rumors that the King has trampled the tri-color cockade, the symbol of the Assembly and the revolution, crowds of women begin to gather. Marching first on the Hotel de Ville, and then on Versaille itself--this time with weapons, they demand response to the harsh economic situation, a stopping of royal efforts to destroy the National Assembly, and that the monarchy relocate to Paris.

October 6th, 1789:
Thanks to the Women's March the day previous, the monarchy relocates from Versailles to Paris. They are protected by the National Guard, which is in effect the policing arm of the National Assembly, thus legitimizing the Assembly.

November 21st, 1789:
North Carolina becomes the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution, and thus joins the union. The only state left to ratify the Constitution of the original thirteen colonies is Rhode Island.

December 25th, 1789:
The nation celebrates Christmas, the birth of Jesus Christ and His coming into the world.

January 1st, 1790:
The second session of the first Congress commences. It begins with a speech by Vice-President Rutledge who chooses to speak on the importance of law and the judiciary, as well he touches on the accomplishments of the first session.

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February 17th, 1790:
The Supreme Court of the United States is completely filled upon Adams' appointment of Alfred Moore of North Carolina to fill the sixth seat. Leading the court is Adams' fellow baystater William Cushing. The other justices are John Blair Jr. of Virginia, William Paterson of New Jersey, Thomas Johnson of Maryland, and James Iredell of North Carolina. Adams has been more careful to appoint a greater number of southerners to the court than are in the cabinet. Still, all members of the court are ardent Federalists who oppose weakening of the Federal Government. Adams, more moderate himself, is still wary of his political opponents who are primarily Southern and primarily against expansion--much needed in Adams' mind--of the federal government.

March 1st, 1790:
The first United States census is authorized in order to measure the population of the fledgling nation.

March 12th, 1790:
William Grayson, a Senator from Virginia and a member of the "Anti-Administration" faction in Virginia passes away. This will lead to a special election in November to fill the vacancy left by Grayson's death.

March 26th, 1790:
President Adams vetoes the Naturalization Act of 1790. "Send it back to Congress!" he declares, along with a list of corrections. He himself views the act as too restrictive on immigration and privately writes that he blames nativists and Southerners for the act. "They seek to opress all non-white immigrants and treat them as less than what they are, a creation in the image and likeness of God", he continues.

March 31st, 1790:
"Despite my zeal for the possibility of a Democratic Revolution here in France, I find myself homesick and longing for the beauty of my own home, Monticello, where there are still vast improvements to be made." writes Ambassador to France Thomas Jefferson to President Adams. Despite a strained relationship with the President over the issue of the transpirings in France, the two still write correspondence to each other, for now. Meanwhile in Virginia, the State Legislature appoint John Walker to the Senate seat left vacant by William Grayson's death earlier in the month.

April 8th, 1790:
Congress passes a revised version of the Naturalization Act of 1790. It limits naturalization to "free persons" of "good and upstanding moral character", as opposed to the original which did not allow the naturalization of blacks, free or slave, and placed limits on women. It still does not allow for the naturalization of indentured servants or slaves. Both sides have different reasons for supporting this. The Southerners do not wish to call slaves citizens while some in the North are nervous about legalizing the slavery of American citizens. One comments that "this would only make the [slavery] problem worse."

April 10th, 1790:
The Patent Act of 1790 is passed. It is clear and concise in its definition of patent, being “any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement thereon not before known or used.”

April 17th, 1790:
Benjamin Franklin, world famous thinker, inventor, and sometimes statesman, dies at age 84. In politics, he had served in the Pennsylvania Assembly, as the first United States Post-Master General in the colonial days, as the Ambassador to France and Sweden, and as the executive leader of Pennsylvania. Over 20,000 people will attend his funeral.

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May 10th, 1790:
Adams receives Jefferson's letter from France. Knowing that Jefferson has held his position since 1784, Adams decides it is time for Jefferson to return home. "You may now make your way back home, friend. Upon the arrival of your successor, feel free to return to the land of your birth."

May 29th, 1790:
Rhode Island becomes the thirteenth state to ratify the Constitution, thereby being admitted to the union. Thus, all thirteen colonies are now part of the United States of America.

May 31st, 1790:
The Copyright Act of 1790 is passed. Though it creates the first national copyright policy, individual states have already adopted similar copyright laws. It secures authors the sole rights for their creations for a fourteen year term with one potential second fourteen year term, presuming the author to still be alive.

June 25th, 1790:
With the question as to where the capitol will be located still going unanswered, Congressman James Madison of Virginia proposes the Residency Act of 1790. It proposes a piece of land one hundred square miles, located along the Potomac River, to be the permanent location of the nation's capitol. The act is popular with Southerners but no one else. Northerners are still demanding a capitol located in the North, and Adams himself does not like the idea, preferring a more coastal location. "I would be perfeclty content if they simply declared Braintree to be the capital" he confides ot Abigail over dinner. For now, the capitol remains in New York City.

June 30th, 1790:
Just over a week after Jefferson hasa received the latest letter from Adams, his successor to the position of United States Ambassador to France arrives. Gouverneur Morris of New York, a protege of former American Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris (no relation), and Robert Morris' former assistant, was less than a year earlier one of Adams' top choices for Secretary of the Treasury. An "aristocrat to the corse", Morris is less appreciative of the attempts by the Third Estate and the National Assembly than his predecessor. However, Jefferson pays little attention to any of Morris' views and instead prepares to head home.

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July 4th, 1790:
The nation celebrates its Independence once again on this day. As with the previous year, Adams delivers a speech in New York City to Congress at Federal Hall speaking of the progress America has made in the last year-and-a-half, talking of the various bills passed that will forever hold precedent over American law. Many in Congress, however, aren't so optimistic about America's path. Outside fireworks shoot off and thirteen gun salutes are performed. Meanwhile in Paris, Thomas Jefferson readies himself for the journey home.

July 14th, 1790:
Ten days following an Independence celebration in America, a similar celebration is taking place in France. It is the one year anniversarry of the storming of the Bastille. However, it seems many of the tensions from the preceding year are gone as people are swearing oaths to "fidelity to the nation, the law, and the king".

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August 10th, 1790:
The French political "club", known as the "Jacobin Club", has 152 members affiliating with it. By now it is a radical society filled with the liberal bourgeoisie, its Conservative elements having fled earlier in the summer for the less popular Feuillants Club.

September 15th, 1790:
Having returned home from the second session of Congress, New York Senator Philip Schuyler, seeing his unpopularity back home and the power of Anti-Administration newspapers, writes in a letter to son-in-law Alexander Hamilton that he will not be running for a full term in 1791. Reading this, and seeking an entrance into national politics where he will make his mark, Hamilton decides he himself shall run instead.

September 28th, 1790:
Thomas Jefferson, former Ambassador to France, arrives in New York City, at last in his home country after years away. He arrives with his last remaining daughters Patsy and Polly, along with slave Sally Hemmings. His first act, following a visit to a few stores, is a meeting with President Adams. They discuss the situation in France briefly before talk turns to updating Jefferson on the domestic situation. Recounting his first year-and-a-half as President, as well as the years preceding that, all the way to 1784, Jefferson is impressed at how the small nation is doing. However, he disagrees with some of the methods of the Adams Administration and, despite Adams' popularity, it is still clear that for the most part the nation remains in financial ruin. National debt has for the most part been payed off but state debts, outside of those states that have taken it upon themselves to pay, remain a serious issue.

October 3rd, 1790:
Jefferson at last arrives at Monticello, his beloved home that he hash been pining for for quite a while now. He immediately proceeds to take charge of the manor and the grounds and begins writing of various methods of agriculture.

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October 4th, 1790:
Congressman James Madison whom Jefferson visited earlier in New York, arrives to talk with Jefferson about Virginia politics. The death of Senator Grayson earlier that year has already been described to Jefferson. However, this is the first time Madison has mentioned the idea of who shall fill it. Some have suggested fellow Jefferson protege James Monroe, however, Madison feelsthat Jefferson can best spend his time at home serving in the Senate and fending off some of the powerful Federalists in New York, such as Connecticut Senator Oliver Ellsworth. Jefferson denies political ambition, but Madison knows better.

October 21st, 1790:
Over 129 men under the command of Colonel John Hardin are slaughtered in battle against over 1,100 Indian Warriors of the Western Lakes Confederacy. The slaughter is to be blamed on General Josiah Harmar who, despite having over 1,400 men under his command, committed only 400.

October 31st, 1790:
A small caucus of Virginia politicians nominate former Ambassador to France Thomas Jefferson for United States Senate. However, the decision is in the hands of the Virginia State Senate.

November 1st, 1790:
With news of the slaughter reaching President Adams, the President goes into a fit. At last calming down he vows "never again" to let such a careless and incompetent general command American troops. He begins composing a letter to General Washington in Virginia asking him to take command of the army in order to fight the Indians. "Take as much time as you need and gather as many men as necessary" he instructs the General, "However, it must be enough to settle this once and for all."

November 9th, 1790:
The Virginia State Senate elects former United States Ambassador to France Thomas Jefferson the next United States Senator from Virginia.

November 12th, 1790:
Adams receives response in the form of a visit from the General himself. Washington promises to do this last duty for his country. News of Washington's re-taking of command to fight the Western Lakes Confederacy will inspire many young men to enroll with the military, either through their state militias, or through other means. The choice to once again command an army will prove an important one for the nationally loved general.

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December 6th, 1790:
Thomas Jefferson is sworn into his first term as a United States Senator. He unofficially becomes a member of the "Anti-Federalist" faction in the Senate, opposing Senator Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut and his Federalists.

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February 8th, 1791:
Alexander Hamilton, Federalist banker and former state politician, defeats New York Attorney General Aaron Burr for the Senate seat being vacated by Hamilton's father in law, Philip Schuyler.

March 4th, 1791:
Alexander Hamilton is sworn into his first term in the United States Senate. He previously has served as an aide-de-camp to General Washington during the Revolution, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and the Congress of the Confederation, and as a member of the New York State Senate. Since earlier in 1791 he has served as the third President of the Bank of New York, a bank he helped to found in 1784.

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The leadership of Congress is still one that is for the most part on the side of the administration. The President of the Senate is Vice-President John Rutledge of South Carolina, the President Pro Tempore is Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, and the Speaker of the House is Jonathan Trumbull Jr. of Connecticut. Also on this day, Vermont is admitted to the Union as the fourteenth American state.

April 4th, 1791:
General Washington and the War Department under Henry Knox begin recruitment for a national "legion", meaning a military force that combines all forms of land combat arms and can be divided into stand alone teams. With many young men having grown up seeing or hearing stories of the Revolution, there are many volunteering for one last chance to serve with George Washington.

May 16th, 1791:
With recruits piling up, either through state and local militias or with requests to join the Legion directly, it is decided that an official base and training ground must be made to house the new recruits and prepare them for the inevitable conflict with the Indians in the North West.

May 18th, 1791:
Senator Alexander Hamilton of New York--a member of the Pro-Administration faction and ideologically a Federalist--proposes the Debt and Tariff Act of 1791. It is accompanied by his address titled "The Report on the Public Debt". While it is not one of Hamilton's most ambitious plans, it is still a fairly creative one. The report outlines the financial situation the United States is currently in, including data on the amount owed to foreign lenders, the precise amount needed to gain the necessary revenue, and it proposes an assumption of state debts by the federal government with a subsequent raising of the tariff level from five percent to eight percent. The plan is controversial, and Hamilton will soon be making a name for himself.

May 19th, 1791:
The shy and introverted Senator Thomas Jefferson of Virginia addresses the Senate in opposition to Hamilton's proposed Debt and Tariff Act. Calling it a gross over-reach of federal power, his main point in all of this is that it puts the burdens of states that haven't paid their debts on the back of states, such as his own Virginia, who are largely paid up. The battle lines over one of the most controversial pieces of legislation are being drawn.

May 21st, 1791:
President Adams, thumbing through the Debt and Tariff Act, is impressed by "the work of that young Senator from New York". While he views the man as too ambitious, this plan does meet with his approval. With the debt being the largest economic issue of the period, Adams seems to have found the answer to the problem.

May 23rd, 1791:
Congressman James Madison meets with Senator Hamilton. "Your proposal will likely fail," states the Jefferson protege, "While the tariff raises are near unopposed, every state that is actually working to pay off its debt will have their representatives vote against it." Hamilton, who himself has worried about this, asks why Madison has approached him. The quite Virginian continues, "However, many Southern representatives would be wiling to support it if you and the other Federalists were to cede ground on other issues." Thus, the Compromise of 1791 begins brewing.

May 30th, 1791:
After meetings between Speaker Jonathan Trumbull, Connecticut Senator Oliver Ellsworth, Virginia Senator Thomas Jefferson, New York Senator Alexander Hamilton, and Virginia Congressman James Madison, the Compromise of 1791 is forged, primarily between Hamilton and Madison. Hamilton's Debt and Tariff Act shall be passed by both Houses of Congress. In return, it is agreed that the nation's permanent capital shall reside in a more Southern state, wrestling away hopes that Philadelphia or New York City might receive the honor. President Adams will be brought in to help choose a plot of land along the Potomac, as he is the President.

June 3rd, 1791:
The Debt and Tariff Act of 1791 is passed by the United States Senate by a nearly unanimous margin. Having passed one house of the legislature, it will now move onto the other, in this case, the House of Representatives.

June 7th, 1791:
In the United States House of Representatives, with the Debt and Tariff Act being supported by Madison's men as well as the House's Federalists, it is passed by a large margin. That very day, President Adams signs the Debt and Tariff Act of 1791 into law. The young New York Senator has become well known for his ambitious plan which many credit with saving some of the debt laden states and setting up a system to produce revenue for the country. With part one of the Compromise of 1791 being passed, Adams will, following July 4th, leave New York City to speculate land lying around the Potomac for a few days.

June 13th, 1791:
Construction of "Legionville" in Western Pennsylvania begins. It is being constructed to oversee the training of troops of what is being referred to as the Legion of the United States. former Major General "Mad" Anthony Wayne will oversee the building and training. Meanwhile, in the United States House of Representatives, Congressman James Madison is proposing the Residency Act, specifying the site for a national capitol to be chosen in an area "not more than one hundred square miles" somewhere along the Potomac River.

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June 20th, 1791:
In France, King Louis XVI and his family flee to Tuileries Palace disguised as servants. Fear of the possibilities of more violence and further revolution are what is driving the royal family away from Paris.

June 21st, 1791:
In the House of Representatives, the Residency Act, proposed by Congressman James Madison of Virginia, passes. This is a triumph for Madison as he is ensuring a Southern capitol, as well as the near completion of the Compromise of 1791. All that is required is that it be passed by the Senate.

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Meanwhile in France, the King and his family are recognized while in Varennes and escorted back to Paris in handcuffs. The peace and celebration that existed at the Fête de la Fédération little less than a year ago seem to have dissipated. Upon arrival in Paris they are greeted in silence and placed under guard. The Assembly provisionally suspends the King.

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July 4th, 1791:
In what is becoming a tradition, President Adams addresses Congress on the holiday that is now being called Independence Day. In his address, he congratulates the Senate for passing the Residency Act, which allows he, the President, to choose a spot along the Potomac as a place for the national capitol.

July 17th, 1791:
In France, the National Guard dispenses with a crowd that had gathered to sign a petition to remove the authority of the National Assembly and have a new monarch take the throne.

July 19th, 1791:
An advance detachment of the newly forming Legion of the United States arrives at the selected spot in Western Pennsylvania to begin construction and prepare the camp for the arrival of General Anthony Wayne and later the main army. Meanwhile, President Adams with the guidance William Clark, is scouting out territory around the Potomac for a potential capitol. William Clark is a soldier who fought under John Hardin in 1789 and will be leaving for Legionville within the next month to take his position as a lieutenant.

July 23rd, 1791:
"Are you sure?" asks William Clark as he and President Adams stands atop the peninsula, looking down into the Potomac. "Yes, I'm sure." "It was implied that the capitol be in Virginia, your majesty." is the reply that the President receives. "The act that I signed specified a spot along the Potomac, not necessarily one in Virginia. This spot is as good as any." The President and the young soldier are standing on the ground that will one day house the nation's capitol.

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August 3rd, 1791:
An important event in the case West vs. Barnes is settled by the United States Supreme Court. In the case, concerning whether plantiff West's move for a writ of error to the Supreme Court is valid because it was signed and sealed only by the clerk of the circuit Court in Rhode Island and not by the Supreme Court clerk, it is decided that West's move for a writ of error is valid. It is a close vote, however, with Chief Justice Cushing, and Associate Justices Iredell, Moore, and Blair voting in West's favor, the case continues. However, in the end, West, a man who owes a mortgage to Barnes, will be ejected from his property.

August 21st, 1791:
In Saint Domingue in Haiti, a French colony, slaves, inspired by the ongoing revolution in France, stage their own revolt against their masters. With whites maintaining control of only a few isolated areas, it is a very serious situation.

August 27th, 1791:
A number of international monarchs and leaders issue the Declaration of Pilintz which states that they consider the cause of the French King to be the cause of their own and are willing to threaten force to ensure the survival of the monarchy. The French people however, are in no mood to be dictated by foreign rulers and the country becomes more militarized and the situation grows no better.

September 1st, 1791:
With the main army having fully arrived including the ever expanding list of new recruits, Legionville is now over 500 buildings and has a population five times larger than the small city of Pittsburgh. Wayne had been hoping to train the soldiers in the heat of summer, after all, it was June when construction began. However, only the more seasoned troops have gotten experience under the July and August sun. Some troops may have to wait till the dead of winter to be fully tested. Among some of the officers there are Colonel John Hardin, Lieutenant William Clark, and of course the two generals, General Washington and General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. Wayne has been present to oversee construction and to "whip the boys into shape." Washington privately admits that he was never the most successful of military leaders and having good and successful training will be the key, along with large recruitment, to beating the Indians in the North-West.

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September 3rd, 1791:
In France, the Constitution of 1791 is passed, marking a new era for the what will historically be called the French Revolution. It issues the closing of the National Assembly and the establishment of the Legislative Assembly. It as well restores King Louis XVI, forming a Constitutional Monarchy. Once again, the King and the Assembly seem to have reconciled.

September 8th, 1791:
With news of the Haitian slave revolt reaching New York City where Congress and the President are, debate arises in both houses of the legislature. With sides arguing different things for different reasons, such as aid in order to help the French, aid in order to put down slaves, refusing to aid the French in order to hurt them, refusing to aid the French in order to help the slaves, and so on and so forth, Adams announces his own decision. American will not be funding the putting down of slave rebellions, nor will it be giving money to the French government unless it be in repayment of debt incurred from the Revolution. With American aid coming only in the form of repayed debt, the French will be incurring heavy expenses on their own treasury in order to try to maintain order. This addition to France's internal chaos will onl

September 29th, 1791:
In accordance with the Constitution of 1791 the last day of the National Assembly takes place in France. Now, France prepares for a new Constitutional Monarchy in the hopes of restoring peace and a balance between the government and the people.

October 1st, 1791:
The first meeting of the Legislative Assembly convenes. Despite appearances that all will go well under the new system, things will not go as they seem.

December 19th, 1791:
Less than a week before Christmas, the United States Bill of Rights, a promise made years ago to the Constitutional Convention's Anti-Federalsit faction by the Federalists in order to gain passage of the Constitution, is officially ratified by all the states.

January 13th, 1792:
The Militia Act of 1792 is signed, allowing President Adams to call together the state militias in a time of need. "I can't keep this nation out of war forever", he writes John Quincy, "and if any of the European powers attempts to threaten us, a strong national defense will be vital to the Union."

February 20th, 1792:
The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office, is signed into Law.

April 2nd, 1792:
The Financial Regulatory Act of 1792 is passed, regulating the production of coinage across the nation. With intrastate banks issuing the currency, President Adams and his cabinet want to make sure the entire country is on a single currency standard. Senator Hamilton, one of the supporters of the act, privately wishes for a more aggressive bill in which the Federal Government produces the currency, but he has already seen that such a project, especially from a newer Senator, would be rebuffed.

April 11th, 1792:
President Adams accepts Treasury Secretary Samuel Osgood's resignation. Osgood, an opponent to many of the measures that Adams has accepted or supported, ranging from the judiciary to monetary policy, has felt long at odds with the President and the Financial Regulatory Act, despite being uncontroversial, provides a good reason for Osgood to finally leave. Adams now must choose another secretary. One of his top choice, Gouvernour Morris who worked under Robert Morris and was Assistant Superintendent of Finance, is away in France and the correspondence it would take to recall him and appoint another ambassador would, in Adams’ view, be too lengthy of a time to wait to appoint another Treasury Secretary.

April 20th, 1792:
France declares war on Austria, beginning another descent of the European mainland into war and chaos.

April 27th, 1792:
In a letter to Senator Alexander Hamilton of New York, the mind behind the assumption of state debts, currency regulation, and a stable system of revenue, President Adams asks the young Senator to become the nation's next Treasury Secretary. "When the Department was re-established, Robert Morris suggested to me that I name you its first Secretary. I hadn't known much of you at that point. Wanting a man I believed to be more experienced, Samuel Osgood, now revealed to be less than what I hoped, was chosen. However, thankfully that man who contributed in no way to the work of the last three years, is gone. You are one of the greatest minds in the Senate and with the work you've done thus far, you are more than qualified to help head this country's financial policy."

May 8th, 1792:
The first session of the Second United States Congress closes. The business of the legislature will not be resuming until November of the year. As many Senators are preparing to head back to their respective states until then, Senator Hamilton meets with President Adams, telling him he'll accept the position of Treasury Secretary.

May 10th, 1792:
In a meeting of several members of Congress in New York who have not yet left or still reside in New York, Alexander Hamilton is quickly confirmed as the second Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. While some are not enthusiastic about the choice, the Treasury has been without an official leader for just under a month. With that Hamilton resigns his position as Senator and enters the President’s cabinet.

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June 1st, 1792:
Kentucky joins the Union, becoming the small nation's fifteenth state. While Adams is glad to see the country going, Kentucky is a land of slave owners, backwoods hunters, and whiskey producers, not the types to be supporting his re-election this year.

June 5th, 1792:
In a special election to fill Alexander Hamilton’s vacant Senate seat, New York Attorney General Aaron Burr is elected. A member of the opposition and a vehement opponent of many of Hamilton’s “schemes”, Burr is allied with New York Governor George Clinton and Virginia Senator Thomas Jefferson.

June 6th, 1792:
Amid rumors of alcoholism and mental illness, and he himself being tired of the "un-important" Vice-Presidency, Vice-President John Rutledge, who would prefer a seat on the Supreme Court instead, issues his Address on the Matter of the Vice-Presidency, which is printed by numerous newspapers. It states that he will not be running another time for the Presidency or Vice-Presidency, explains his reasons why, and concludes with a brief summary of his thoughts on the new country and his beliefs. In it, he endorses President Adams for a second term.

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June 11th, 1792:
Aaron Burr is sworn in for his first term in the United States Senate.

June 19th, 1792:
The Legion of the United States, numbering at around 1,500 troops and headed by General George Washington, sets out from Legionville in Western Pennsylvania. Over the past year the troops have been trained, armed, and readied to fight the Western Lakes Confederacy which poses a threat to the nation's North-Western borders.

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June 28th, 1792:
While meeting with leaders of some of the tribes of the Western Lakes Confederacy, fighting breaks out. The American camp, nearby, gears up for war while the Indians do the same. The Legion, with one and a half thousand strong, is able to easily defeat the Indians, numbering just over one thousand. Among the casualties are Indian Chiefs Little Turtle and Tecumseh, and most noteworthy, General George Washington. He is sixty years old. A decisive blow has been struck in what will be called the North-Western Indian War, but at what cost?

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George Washington (February 22nd, 1732-June 28th, 1792)

June 29th, 1792:
Troops from the Legion of the United States begin bearing Washington's body back to Virginia. Scouts and pages are ordered ahead to spread the news throughout the country that Washington has died.

July 1st, 1792:
With news reaching New York of Washington's death, President Adams is interrupted in the middle of Sunday Mass with the sad tidings. "I wept" he would write to Martha Washington, "And I prayed for the soul of dear George, who will rightly be known as the Father of his Nation."

July 2nd, 1792:
The burial of George Washington is held in haste at Mount Vernon. Having died so far from his home, there hasn't been much time for people like President Adams to attend. However, for weeks after there will be lines wishing to see the Father of the Nation, and people will wear mourning clothes for months. Among the speakers are Senator Thomas Jefferson and Governor Henry Lee III. Lee delivers a memorable line when he states "George Washington, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen."

July 4th, 1792:
President Adams’ Independence Day Address to Congress is dominated by what amounts to a stirring eulogy to George Washington who died only a week earlier. Adams recounts one of his first encounters with Washington, in the days of the Continental Congress, where Adams had nominated the General to lead the Continental Army.

July 9th, 1792:
President Adams appoints General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, a friend of Washington and the man mainly responsible for the training of the victorious Legion of the United States, to head the Legion. "Finish the job", a tired and apparently vicious President Adams tells Wayne. With America's most famous hero dead, the country is ready for a swift and final "revenge" upon the Western Lakes Confederacy.

July 26th, 1792:
General Wayne officially takes command of the troops at Legionville. In the next few days, the troops will prepare to set out once more. This time, having struck a major blow at the WLC, they plan to put in place a permanent outpost in the North-West, to be titled Fort Washington.

August 3rd, 1792:
Following various trips around the country collecting ideas and opinions, Thomas Jefferson, in a meeting with various political allies including Congressman James Madison, Senator Aaron Burr, Governor George Clinton, and former Treasury Secretary Samuel Osgood, declares the official creation of the Republican Party. Devoted to States’ Rights, Individual Liberty, Constitutionalism, and an agrarian economy, it is in opposition to Northerners and New Englanders such as Alexander Hamilton who seem more bent on protecting the Aristocracy. Adams himself feel caught up between two opposite poles. A farmer by nature, he nonetheless welcomes the prosperity of a growing industry. A strictly non-partisan man, Adams does not like the path the country seems to be taking in regards to political partisanship.

August 10th, 1792:
In France, following nearly a year of legislative struggles and disagreements with the King in the Constitutional Monarchy, insurgents and militiamen—backed by the revolutionary group the Paris Commune—attack the Tuileries Palace, killing the Swiss Guards and taking the royal family, including Kind Louis XVI, prisoner.

August 21st, 1792:
Construction of Fort Washington begins on the Wabash River in the North-West Territory. Serving as a permanent outpost and supply base, it will as well serve to house troops. It shall hopefully be completed in the next few months and before winter officially sets in.

September 11th, 1792:
A caucus of members of the new Republican Party, led by Congressman James Madison, nominates Senator Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and Governor George Clinton of New York as their two nominees. Jefferson, however, in accordance with political tradition of the day, denies the rumors of Presidential aspirations. Madison keeps his mentor as removed from the process as possible, knowing that in order to make Jefferson a candidate, Jefferson himself must not know that he is running, or at least convince himself so.

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September 20th, 1792:
The French National Convention convenes, tasked with crafting yet another constitution. In doing so they become for all intents and purposes France’s new government. On the same day, French forces defeat Austrian ally Prussia at the Battle of Valmy, forcing Prussia to withdraw.

September 21st, 1792:
The French National Convention abolishes the monarchy once and for all.

October 2nd, 1792:
In a letter to every major newspaper in the country, President Adams confirms that he will be running for re-election despite rumors that he might choose to instead step down.

November 5th, 1792:
After nearly three months of continuous construction, the most basic structures of Fort Washington, including walls, barracks, an armory, and others, are complete. The troops are ready to set in for the winter as they prepare for the likelihood of more Indian attacks.

December 5th, 1792:
Presidential electors arrive at their individual state capitols to decide how they shall vote for President. President Adams, in his hometown of Braintree, Massachusetts, goes into depression, believing he will lose.

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December 28th, 1792:
Just days after Christmas, rumors are abounding that President Adams will win re-election, despite earlier ones claiming that the President was doomed to lose. The President is quite happy as he becomes productive again, writing correspondence to Jefferson, Hamilton, his dear friend and Post-Master General Cotton Tufts, and others.

I just got back yesterday from a stay in Illinois for my grandma's funeral, and combined with school work, I haven't been able to get into writing the rest of 1793. However, I plan to begin today. So far, here's a recap of where some of our main characters have ended up. All of the changes begin in 1789, but in recapping their careers I figure I should include the other stuff. For people like James Madison, they're not included because their on-paper career hasn't changed.

John Adams

Party:
None

Home State:
Massachusetts

Political Career:
-Delegate to the First Continental Congress from Massachusetts Bay (September 5th, 1774-October 26th, 1774)
-Delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Massachusetts (May 10th, 1775 – June 27th, 1778)
-Representative of the United States of America to France (April 1st, 1778-June 17th, 1779)
-United States Minister Plenopitentiary to Great Britain (1779-1782)
-United States Ambassador to the Netherlands (April 19th, 1782 – March 30th, 1788)
-United States Ambassador to Great Britain (April 1st, 1785 – March 30th, 1788)
-1st President of the United States (April 30th, 1789-?)

Thomas Jefferson

Party:
Republican

Home State:
Virginia

Political Career:
-Delegate to the 2nd Continental Congress from Virginia (June 20th, 1775-September 26th, 1776)
-2nd Governor of Virginia (June 1st, 1779-June 3rd, 1781)
-Delegate to the Congress of Confederation from Virginia (November 3rd, 1783-May 7th, 1784)
-United States Ambassador to France (May 17th, 1785-June 30th, 1790)
-United States Senator from Virginia (December 6th, 1790-February 15th, 1793)
-2nd Vice-President of the United States (March 4th, 1793-?)

Alexander Hamilton

Party:
None (as of yet)

Home State:
New York

Political Career
-Delegate to the Congress of Confederation from New York (1782-1783)
-Delegate to the Annapolis Convention from New York (1786)
-Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from New York (1787)
-Member of the New York State Legislature from New York County (1787-1788)
-Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from New York (1788-1789)
-Member of the United States Senate from New York (March 4th, 1791-May 10th, 1792)
-2nd United States Secretary of the Treasury (May 10th, 1792-?)

January 16th, 1793:
Due to health problems, Supreme Court Justice Thomas Johnson of Maryland resigns from the Supreme Court. It is up to President Adams to appoint a successor.

January 17th, 1793:
Former French King Louis XVI, now only Citizen Louis Capet, is sentenced to death by the French National Convention.

January 20th, 1793:
Former King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the public square Place de la Révolution. This violent act shall prompt both Britain and the Netherlands to declare war on France. Britain in particular is motivated to restore the Ancien Regime and hopefully order to France.

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Louis Auguste de France (August 23rd, 1754-January 20th, 1793)

February 5th, 1793:
The President's choice to replace the retired Justice Thomas Johnson is submitted to Congress. It is another Marylander, Samuel Chase. Chase has served in a variety of legal and political positions over the years and is deemed by Adams as "the steady, learned hand this nation requires". Among the items on Chase's resume are twenty years on the Maryland General Assembly, a stint in the Continental Congress, and being the current Chief Justice of not one but two lower courts.

February 12th, 1793:
President Adams vetoes the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793. Despite claims that he is going against the enforcement of the rule of law, President Adams remains firm. "When we created this Republic, we created it as a land of freedom, where the common man is as he is, just as free and equal as an elite.", writes John Adams to Senator Thomas Jefferson, "When the Constitution was created, it was with the assumption that slavery be slowly abolished within two decades. Therefore I was surprised to see that you voted for this. Reading your Notes on the State of Virginia, I remarked that your passages on slavery were worth more than gold. I had been hoping that you would act on what you had said earlier." Jefferson, who is rumored to be elected Vice-President, may soon be put in a strange position given his opposition to Adams on a number of issues. "The situation Jefferson may find himself in is a peculiar one. For, legally, the office of the Vice-Presidency is nothing. However, should anything happen to me, he may become everything." writes Adams to John Quincy.

February 15th, 1793:
In a joint session of Congress presided over by outgoing Vice-President Rutledge, the official results of the 1792 election are read aloud. The result? President Adams has won re-election by a good margin. The second place winner is Senator Thomas Jefferson of Virginia

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President John Adams of Massachusetts: 92 electoral votes
Senator Thomas Jefferson of Virginia (Republican): 64 electoral votes
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton of New York: 53 electoral votes
Governor George Clinton of New York (Republican): 37 electoral votes
Congressman Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina: 15 electoral votes

March 1st, 1793:
Senator Thomas Jefferson resigns his seat in the Senate in preparation for his assuming of the Vice-Presidency on the fourth of the month. With the Virginia Senate seat once again vacant, the State Senate will have to hold another special election to fill it.

March 4th, 1793:
President John Adams is sworn in for a second term by Chief Justice William Cushing. Former Senator Thomas Jefferson of Virginia is sworn in as the second Vice-President of the United States of America.

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Also occurring is the convening of a special session of Congress, the first one of the Third Congress of the United States. In it, Senator John Langdon of New Hampshire is re-elected as President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and, in a very close vote, Speaker Jonathan Trumbull Jr. of Connecticut is re-elected to his position, just barely escaping what Pro-Administration members refer to as “a Republican coup”. With Congress not convening again until December, there will be no legislative work until then, and most government work will be concentrated in the hands of the Executive Branch. Among the new entries is Congressman James Monroe of Virginia's 5th District. With Madison running for re-election in the 15th district, Monroe who previously has run for Congress and considered running for Senate, was elected.

March 5th, 1793:
Laying of the foundation for what will be called “Adamstown” begins. In accordance with the Residency Act, accommodations for Congress must be in place by 1801. Many are hoping that everything will be complete in time for the 1801 inaugurations. They have eight years to do so.

March 8th, 1793:
Samuel Chase of Maryland is confirmed and sworn in as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

March 19th, 1793:
The Virginia State Senate elects Congressman James Madison of Virginia's 15th Congressional District to the United States Senate to fill the seat left vacant by the resignation of Thomas Jefferson.

March 20th, 1793:
With the beginning of spring comes the beginning of Indian attacks. At Fort Washington, this is most true as the remaining portion of the Western Lakes Confederacy launches a daring attack. With the Legion chasing after them, events will soon conspire to pit the two forces, once again, on the field of battle. Since Washington’s death, the majority of the fighting has been small skirmishes and guerilla attacks.

March 22nd, 1793:
With the news reaching New York City, Congressman James Madison resigns his seat and is sworn into the United States Senate. Vice-President Jefferson, having sworn him in, greets him and whispers "someone's got to hold the bastards off" to his protege.

April 2nd, 1793:
After nearly two weeks of tracking and light skirmishes, the Legion of the United States happens upon a large tribal campsite in the North-West Territory. The Legion, hungry for blood after the attacks, and reminded once again of who it was that killed George Washington, begin sacking the village, killing those who live there.

April 5th, 1793:
The sacking of the village having provoked a large response, the Legion of the United States at last meets the remnants of the Western Lakes Confederacy on the field of battle. Lead by General Anthony Wayne, the battle is a triumph for the Legion. Having killed over 500 Indians including Chiefs Blue Jacket of the Shawnee and Buckongahelas of the Lenape, it is perhaps the last decisive battle of the North-West Indian Wars. Following the massacring—on both sides—it is agreed that armed resistance is futile and more peaceful means should be pursued. However, tribes living farther North, including the Ottawa and of course the Lenape, will not forget this. Among the American heroes are William Clark of Virginia, who once helped guide President Adams along the Potomac; and a veteran and lawyer from the Territory South of the Ohio River, Andrew Jackson, who will soon be returning to his law practice.

April 6th, 1793:
In Revolutionary France, now ruled by the National Convention, the Committee on Public Safety is created, in order to ensure the security of the nation and of the ideals of the Revolution. Its responsibilities including overseeing war, appointing judges and juries for Revolutionary Tribunals, and provisioning the army and the public. With France in a state of war with other countries, it is believed a strong central authority is needed.

April 8th, 1793:
French diplomat Edmond-Charles Genet arrives in Charleston, South Carolina, with the instructions of enlisting American aid in France’s war with Europe.

May 8th, 1793:
“Citizen Genet” as he is called, arrives in New York City to be officially received by the President. Adams, distrustful of the Revolution, receives him coldly, and Genet feels he must recruit for France outside of the reigns of the Adams government.

June 4th, 1793:
Due to international tensions, and to issues specifically relating to the states--mainly the seizing of American merchant ships and British occupation of forts in the North-West Territory--Secretary of Foreign Relations John Jay leaves for Great Britain to negotiate for the United States. Accompanying him is the President's son, John Quincy Adams. John Quincy did not ask for this position, but was asked by Jay to accompany him, as John Quincy has accompanied his own father on many diplomatic voyages. It was only with his father's urging that John Quincy decided to embark with Jay.

July 4th, 1793:
President Adams delivers his annual Independence Day address to Congress. With Congress not in session, Adams is speaking only to the select few who are there, namely many members of the New York delegation, some from neighboring states, and one who was staying in New York at the time. The event will be ridiculed by the press, which has never been fond of the brusque Adams.

July 15th, 1793:
Secretary of Foreign Relations John Jay arrives in Great Britain to begin negotiations to settle disputes over the seizing of American merchant ships and violations of the Treaty of Paris, which both he and President Adams worked to negotiate in 1783.

July 22nd, 1793:
American Secretary of Foreign Relations John Jay meets with British Secretary of State for Foreign Affaris William Pitt the Younger for the first time in the new negotiations with the British.

July 27th, 1793:
Maximilien Robespierre is elected to the Committee on Public Safety at a time when the Committee is gaining power. Robespierre has served in Revolutionary politics for the last few years, and officially joined it when he joined the representation of the Third Estate in 1789, four years ago.

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August 22nd, 1793:
Robespierre, a revolutionary radical and member of the Committee on Public Safety, is elected President of the National Convention.

September 5th, 1793:
Terror is instituted as an official legal policy of France by the National Convention, proclaiming “It is time that equality bore its scythe above all heads. It is time to horrify all the conspirators.” The government is gaining in power and ruthlessness as paranoia over the possible threat to the Revolution continues to grow.

October 18th, 1793:
Inventor Eli Whitney of Massachusetts applies for a patent for his invention, the cotton gin, which separates the cotton fibers from the seeds, making harvesting of them much less complicated.

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November 4th, 1793:
At a special ceremony in "Adamstown"--a name not very much to the President's liking--the President lays the cornerstone of the city. "America will one day be a great shining city of freedom perched upon a hill", begins Adams, "much as how Christ wished our faith as well to shine, like a beacon on a hill. But to begin, we should start by helping to complete this city on a hill." As he says this, Adam stands atop a platform, looking out over the crowds, down to the shore leading to the Potomac. As he stands there, he remains proud of the choice he made when selecting the site for the city.

December 2nd, 1793:
In one of the most significant acts of his second term, President Adams has Senator George Cabot of Massachusetts propose the American Naval Act, establishing a United States Navy to be headed by a cabinet level position, the Secretary of the Navy. It is expected to receive wide support as even prominent members of the Republican Party are in support of the act, as a navy is preferable to a standing army. Adams has long been a proponent of naval power, ever since the Revolution where he proclaimed that naval power would win the war for America. Cabot himself has a history dealing with shipping, his father having been a ship merchant.

December 5th, 1793:
President of the Senate, Vice-President Thomas Jefferson makes a rare foray into the debate of the house which he rules, giving a speech in support of the American Naval Act. “We ought to begin a naval power, if we mean to carry on our commerce.” says the Vice-President, who himself is wary of British and even French ships harassing and impressing American sailors and shippers. Jefferson, who in a rare moment finds himself in agreement with the administration he is part of, receives a standing ovation.

December 18th, 1793:
After a few weeks of haggling and negotiating—though little debate—the American Naval Act is passed by a good margin, with 22 “aye” votes, 4 “nay” votes, 3 not present or abstaining, and 1 seat vacant.

December 23rd, 1793:
Having passed the Senate, the American Naval Act now moves onto the House of Representatives. Here, it faces stiffer opposition with a larger minority of Republicans and their allies. Speaker Jonathan Trumbull, who himself only barely survived the “Republican coup”, admits to the President that he can not promise passage. However, Congressman Frederick Muhlenberg, unofficial leader of the Republicans, is willing to pledge support of his Republicans to the act, making it “indestructible”.

December 25th, 1793:
The nation celebrates Christmas. Not having the luxury of returning to Braintree for the holiday, Adams and his family celebrate Christmas at the current Presidential residence in New York City. Adams, however, is at times pre-occupied, anxious to see whether the American Naval Act will pass.

December 31st, 1793:
For President Adams, the year of 1793 ends much the same way 1792 ended, with anxiety. However, this is not over re-election, but over the American Naval Act, a piece of legislation he considers vital to the young republic and despite its good chances, is pessimistic about passage.

January 3rd, 1794:
After only a week and a half of debate, mostly over minor details, the House of Representatives passes the American Naval Act, a triumph for President Adams who immediately signs it into law. The vote was closer than in the House of Representatives, but passed with 76 “aye” votes, 27 “nay” votes, and 2 Congressmen not present.

January 23rd, 1794:
Following a number of meetings and interviews with potential Secretaries of the newly established Department of the Navy, President Adams has made his choice. Senator George Cabot of Massachusetts, a fellow bay-stater and a man who comes from a family of shippers. Cabot has served as a Senator since the beginning of the Second Congress, and was the man who proposed the American Naval Act in the Senate, at the urging of President Adams. “Big surprise” mutters Vice-President Jefferson as he reads the news.

February 5th, 1794:
Senator George Cabot of Massachusetts resigns his seat in the Senate, having been confirmed as the first United States Secretary of the Navy. Cabot takes the oath of office later that day, and goes to work establishing an office and a staff inside Federal Hall.

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February 7th, 1794:
With global tensions rising and the Navy finally established, Congress authorizes the construction of six frigates to lead the Navy. Some complain at the cost, over $600,000, but nevertheless, the authorization goes through.

March 14th, 1794:
Inventor Eli Whitney is granted his patent for the cotton gin.

April 25th, 1794:
On the anniversary of the decisive battle between the Western Lakes Confederacy and the Legion of the United States, Attorney General John Marshall—sent as an envoy by President Adams in place of John Jay who is in Britain—and leaders of the much weakened Western Lakes Confederacy sign a peace treaty, a crude outline of how to deal with continued Western expansion. It includes payment for land and respecting of certain significant boundaries as two of the main points.

April 30th, 1794:
On the anniversary of the day President Adams was first sworn into office, a meeting of a number of politicians including Navy Secretary George Cabot of Massachusetts, Senator Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, Attorney General John Marshall of Virginia, and former Governor Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina, and led by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton of New York, creates the National Party. In the opening address, Hamilton states “We wish to build a broad coalition of American citizens who desire policies that will led to prosperity and peace—not just for one state—but for the entire nation.”

May 21st, 1794:
The Senate ratifies Marshall’s treaty—what is now being called the North-West Indian-American Treaty—by a comfortable margin, making it official U.S. policy.

June 10th, 1794:
The Law of 22 Prairial is introduced to the public by the French Committee on Public Safety. Allowing for people to be executed on mere suspicion of treason or endangering the Revolution, people are beginning to question Robespierre’s extremism, and noting that the law was introduced without the Committee on General Security backing it.

June 13th, 1794:
Postmaster-General Cotton Tufts, a personal friend of President Adams, confides to his boss that he wishes to retire from his position and his resignation shall be effective upon confirmation of a successor. Adams, worrying about party conflicts, sees an opportunity to balance his cabinet with the appointment of a Republican.

June 20th, 1794:
President Adams meets with Jefferson protege and Virginia Senator James Madison, a leader of the Republicans. Adams asks Madison to take the post of Postmaster General in his administration. Madison, however, is suspicious and believes that Adams merely wants to take him away from important affairs in the Senate. Instead, Madison recommends that Adams choose one of the Republican congressmen. "If you want balance, appoint one of the party's younger members", states the Senator.

June 23rd, 1794:
President Adams appoints one-term Congressman, young William Johnston Dawson of North Carolina to be the next Postmaster-General of the United States. Dawson is not a prominent Congressman, but he is a loyal Republican and will serve Adams well.

June 27th, 1794:
William Dawson is confirmed as the next Postmaster-General of the United States. He resigns his seat in Congress just as Cotton Tufts resigns his position as Postmaster-General, and Dawson takes office.

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July 4th, 1794:
In the President's annual address to Congress, President Adams--this time with Congress called in a special session--stresses the importance of diplomacy, international relations, and American neutrality. "While some may favor foreign European powers", the President says while sternly looking at some members of the Senate, Republican and National alike, "America must avoid entangling alliances and instead work out conflicts favorably, and God-willingly in America's favor. On ewar could devastate this precious Republic." This is set against the backdrop of war in Europe and John Jay's negotiations in England.

July 27th, 1794:
After the French National Convention turns against Robespierre and calls for his death, Maximillien Robespierre is removed as head of the Committee on Public Safety and arrested. He awaits execution in the same chamber that once held the royal family.

July 28th, 1794:
Maximillien Robespierre is executed by the guillotine in the Place de la Révolution, the same place where the royal family was executed a year and a half earlier. Thus marks the beginning of a new stage of the French Revolution.

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August 11th, 1794:
Congressman James Monroe of Virginia who, since his inauguration in 1793 has become a leader among the Congressional Republicans, proposes the Trade and Tariff Act of 1794, which would put tariff rates down from eight percent to six percent, reasoning, "With the current influxes of now revenue, the national debt shall soon be paid off, and with that, for the sake of the American citizen, access to goods must be allowed. One of the principles of this Republic is the freedom of the market, and this nation's policy should not be unduely tilted towards businesses that the Treasury Secretary finds himself in league with." However, with no large complaints about tariff rates, the bill will not likely see success, and the attack on the Administration does not help its chances.

August 27th, 1794:
After over three weeks of debate, the Trade and Tariff Act of 1794 passes the United States House of Representatives by a close vote and will move onto the Senate. "The house of the people have spoken", says Vice-President Jefferson to the author James Monroe, a Jefferson protege, "Now all we need is for the house of the aristocrats to vote for it."

September 1st, 1794:
Senator Aaron Burr, another Republican rising star and a rival of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, sponsors the Trade and Tariff Act of 1794. Despite it having passed the House a few days earlier, it is quite unlikely to see similar success in the Senate where Republicans are a much smaller minority than in the House, and many North-Eastern Senators are, despite love of trade, unlikely to side with the "Francophile" Republicans in helping it pass.

September 9th, 1794:
In a much shorter time than in the House, the Senate comes to a vote on the Trade and Tariff Act of 1794, and the vote is clearly against, with 18 voting against, 12 voting for, and 1 absent. While this is a defeat, it does show the rising anti-tariff strength and the strength of the Republicans and like-minded thinkers in the House of Representatives.

November 5th, 1794:
In England, the Jay-Pitt Treaty is signed by John Jay, representing America, and Great Britain. In it, a number of issues between Great Britain and the United States are settled including repayment of debt, re-imbursement of damaged and impressed ships, and British backing of Indian attacks. Now, the treaty must head back to America to be ratified. There, the treaty needs two thirds of the vote in the Senate to pass.

()

November 10th, 1794:
John Quincy Adams, preparing to leave Britain, writes to his father in America encouraging him to support the Jay-Pitt Treaty. “While some issues of the most important matters have not been settled, the vast majority have. If America is to remain out of war, then this is our best course.”

November 12th, 1794:
In France, it is confirmed that the United States and Great Britain have signed a peace treaty. While the United States Senate still has to ratify it, this means nothing to the French revolutionaries who now view that they have one more enemy, their former ally America.

November 17th, 1794:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay, assistant John Quincy Adams, and their staff look at London one last time as they depart, bound for America.

November 28th, 1794:
With the New York Gubernatorial election beginning exacly five months from now, Governor George Clinton announces that he shall be seeking re-election to yet another term as the state's governor. Clinton had previously decided to retire, but it seems that Republicans are gaining steam across the country and that he may prove more successful than his close re-election in 1792.

()

December 13th, 1794:
An American merchant ship headed for Britain is sunk by a French naval ship. This is in reaction to the news that as part of the Jay-Pitt Treaty, Britain—which is currently at war with Revolutionary France—has received most favored nation status in trading.

December 18th, 1794:
President Adams receives the letter from his son, as well as a copy of the Jay-Pitt Treaty. Studying it with a lawyer’s thoroughness, for now, he decides to support it. He will have to discuss the matter with Jay and John Quincy upon their arrival home, whenever that is.

December 31st, 1794:
On the last day of the year, Henry Knox resigns as Secretary of War to move back to Massachusetts, leaving the President to try to pick a new War Secretary. Meanwhile, John Jay and John Quincy Adams arrive home in New York harbor, soon enough to see the fireworks going off in the night sky, only minutes to midnight.

January 1st, 1795:
With all three tired from New Year celebrations the night before, President Adams greets his son and his Foreign Affairs Secretary, having returned home and now in the person to support the treaty.

January 3rd, 1795:
President Adams' replacement for Henry Knox is confirmed. It is former Revolutionary War Brigadier General and National party member from South Carolina Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.

()

January 6th, 1795:
Only five days since his meeting with Jay and John Quincy, Adams has set his sights on a new diplomatic feat, establishing a border with Spain. For this assignment he appoints Thomas Pinckney, a Southern member of the National Party and former Governor of South Carolina, he is a loyal ally of Adams. As well, he is brother of War Secretary Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, a fact driving charges of nepotism from Republicans. Foreign Affairs Secretary John Jay on the other hand, has turned down the assignment, taking a well deserved break following his negotiations in London.

March 4th, 1795:
The Fourth Congress of the United States convenes, and the Republicans hold a solid majority in the House of Representatives. The Speaker of the House is Frederick Muhlenberg. Meanwhile in the Senate, Senator Samuel Livermore of New Hampshire—a National—is elected President Pro Tempore by a one vote margin. Any anti-Republican backlash in the face of the sinking of merchant ships by the French has yet to fully take hold.

April 6th, 1795:
Governor Samuel Adams, a Republican who has been Governor since John Hancock's death in 1793, is elected to a second full, one year term. Samuel Adams is a cousin of President John Adams and though he is fond of his cousin, he supported Jefferson in 1792 and hopes Jefferson shall run again next year.

April 30th, 1795:
With Republican popularity having decreased as the result of French attacks on American ships, Governor George Clinton of New York loses re-election by a narrow margin to State Senator Stephen Van Rensselaer, the National Party nominee.

May 4th, 1795:
The Alien Enemies Act is submitted to the Senate. In it, the President is given the power to deport immigrants suspected of unlawful or immoral behavior, or those whose country of origin is a nation that America is at war with.

May 19th, 1795:
After over two weeks of partisan debate and some of the ugliest seen in the young body's history, the Alien Enemies Act passes on the closest margin possible. However, in the House of Representatives it will face even a tougher challenge.

May 20th, 1795:
Immediately following the introduction of the Alien Enemies Act to the House of Representatives, Congressman James Monroe takes to the floor to protest the act. "In a nation that has withstood the calls for monarchy and absolute power, one would assume that such an act, such an attempt to squelch opposition in the face of tyrranny, would be unquestionably rebuked by any house of Congress. However, the Senate--the house of the aristocrats and monarchists--has seen fit to pass this. However, this is the people's house and the duly elected representatives of the citizens of this nation shall surely reject this dictatorial proposal!"

May 28th, 1795:
The Alien Enemies Act fails in the House by a large margin. With nearly every Republican voting against it, the "people's house" has over ruled the Senate, a triumph for the Republicans. In New York, outgoing Governor George Clinton, seeing the strange turn of events over the last month, muses "if only the election had happened a month later". The National attempts at things like the Alien Enemies Act have turned the public against the party in just under a month.

June 1st, 1795:
Stephen Van Rensselaer is sworn in as New York's second Governor following his victory over George Clinton in April.

()

June 15th, 1795:
In a special session of Congress, the Jay-Pitt Treaty is submitted for ratification. In the midst of what is being called the "Quasi-War" with France and bitter partisan debate over whether to favor Britain or France, the treaty is, needless to say, very controversial. While the process will take months and may not even end with ratification, it is important for Adams that it at last be submitted so that the peace he desires may be made permanent.

July 4th, 1795:
The 19th Anniversarry of the Revolution, Adams once again delivers his annual address. However, unlike in the past where the speech has been pleasant and reception of it has been positive, Adams is plagued by stares from both sides as the Senate and House look on at him. These stares are telling him to choose a side and Adams has no intention of getting involved in the partisan bickering of the Houses, "leave that to Jefferson" as he's told John Quincy, and is instead caught in the middle as those on his right side are with Britain and those on his left are calling for a revolutionary holy war with France as America's ally. Adams' speech is filled with platitudes that attempt to forge a middle ground of "Neutrality and Diplomacy" between the two war parties.

July 23rd, 1795:
At the urging of his Foreign Affaris Secretary, President Adams appoints his son, John Quincy, to be American Ambassador to the Netherlands. This faces criticism on two fronts. One, that the President is guilty of nepotism, and two, that this is a political move to purge Republicans as sitting ambassador William Short is just that. However, Adams has made this appointment as he might make any other. Short has written, opposing Administration policy. John Quincy on the other hand has received favorable reviews from two of his former bosses, Alexander Hamilton who J.Q. worked with while Hamilton was still a banker and becoming a Senator, and from John Jay himself who had considered appointing him to be the first Assistant Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

July 31st, 1795:
John Quincy Adams is confirmed as Ambassador to the Netherlands. John Quincy, who himself at first did not want the office and only agreed to take it based on the urgings of people such as Jay, won his appointment by calmly listing his credentials for the job in the face of calls from Republicans that his appointment was an act of nepotism. "I accompanied my father on nearly every diplomatic voyage he took as an ambassador for the Continental Congress. I have spent time in France, England, Spain, and yes, the Netherlands. While in those various countries I have learned quite a bit about them and have gained a large amount of knowledge that any diplomat would love to have at his disposal." John Quincy, not the warmest of the Adamses, nevertheless convinces the Senate to confirm him.

August 1st, 1795:
Secretary of the Navy George Cabot reports to the Senate that over the past seven months, over 200 American ships have been sunk or seized, the majority by the French. This marks the turning of public opinion once again against the French, though not enough for many Nationals. Overall, the nation is divided and many strongly opinionated, and hope for a unified country remains futile.

()

August 5th, 1795:
A bill proposed by the Nationals, the Sedition Act, which grants the President the power to order the arrests of what he determines to be treasonous or deceitful news or literature, is struck down in the House, this time with an even greater margin than the Alien Enemies Act earlier that year.

August 14th, 1795:
John Quincy Adams leaves for the Netherlands, prepared to assume his first official role in public service, a career that he will find himself trapped in throughout his lifetime.

August 22nd, 1795:
The French “Constitution of Year III” is approved by the French National Convention, ushering in the 3rd Stage of the French Revolution.

September 21st, 1795:
Arriving in the Netherlands after a voyage of over six weeks, John Quincy Adams presents his credentials and assumes his role as United States Ambassador to the Netherlands, relieving incumbent William Short of his duties. Short is, like Madison and Monroe, a Jefferson protege and one who accompanied Jefferson during his time in France. Now he will return to the United States and in all likelihood rejoin with his fellow Virginia Republicans.

()

October 25th, 1795:
Associate Justice John Blair Jr. of Virginia resigns as a member of the Supreme Court. In the coming days, Adams will act quickly in order to fill his place on the bench.

October 30th, 1795:
President Adams celebrates his sixtieth birthday back at Braintree happily surrounded by his family. However, away in New York, things are not so happy as the newspapers continaully churn out more partisan rhetoric, keeping the city inflamed.

November 2nd, 1795:
President John Adams nominates a fellow Virginian to the Court: Attorney General John Marshall of Virginia. A brilliant legal mind and a believer in a strong central government, Marshall has served as the nation's first Attorney General since September 24th, 1789. He has appeared before the court on a number of cases, and has also served temporarily as a diplomat for President Adams when John Jay was away in Great Britain. While Marshall is not popular with many members of Congress, he is consummately qualified and the debate over his appointment shall be civil.

November 19th, 1795:
After over two weeks of discussion, John Marshall of Virginia is confirmed by the Senate as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. He resigns his post as Attorney General and enters into the highest court of the land.

()

November 25th, 1795:
In a relatively short amount of time, Adams announces his decision on who to replace John Marshall as Attorney General, and it is Congressman Fisher Ames, a National from Adams' home state of Massachusetts. Since the late 1780's when a new generation of American politicians began rising, Ames has been one of that generation.

December 11th, 1795:
Following a period of debate and discussion longer than even the period John Marshall waited to be confirmed to the Supreme Court, Congressman Fisher Ames is at last confirmed as the nation's second Attorney General.

January 16th, 1796:
Post-Master General William Johnston Dawson dies, leaving President Adams to look for a successor. Adams plans on appointing yet another Republican in order to maintain partisan balance in the cabinet.

January 21st, 1796:
After talks with a number of young Republican Congressmen, Congressman James Monroe of Virginia is appointed Post-Master General. A leader of his party in the House since 1793, the Jefferson protege is looking to move up, and has takent his opportunity to better his resume. This is done despite his opposition to the Alien Enemies Act passed last year that the Republicans have rallied against.

January 23rd, 1796:
After a minimal amount of debate, Monroe is easily confirmed as the third United States Post-Master General and leaves his seat in the House to take up the office.

()

February 10th, 1796:
The Treaty of London, also known as the Jay-Pitt Treaty, fails on a final vote in the Senate. Ratification has failed, leaving the President in a sour mood and Foreign Affairs Secretary John Jay in an even worse mood, as he resigns that very day.

February 23rd, 1796:
After weeks of talks with various politicians including some of the country's most famous heroes of the revolution, President Adams announces his new appointment to Secretary of Foreign Affairs. It is former Governor of Virginia, an ideological hero of the Revolution, Patrick Henry who despite earlier sympathies with the Republicans, is an opponent of America helping France. The name Patrick Henry is nationally recognized and he will face little opposition in his appointment.

February 25th, 1796:
Patrick Henry is confirmed as the nation's next Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

()

March 1st, 1796:
While on official business at the Hague as America's Minister to the Netherlands, John Quincy Adams meets his future wife Louis Catherin Johnson who is there with her merchant father.

March 4th, 1796:
President Adams orders new Secretary of Foreign Affairs Patrick Henry to Paris to negotiate a peace settlement to end the Quasi-War. "Even if you have to bring home an unwanted treaty, an unwanted treaty is far preferable to an unwanted war."

March 9th, 1796:
Patrick Henry leaves for Paris, accompanied only by his staff and a few slaves. Henry himself is an opponent of the French Revolution (despite his earlier affiliation with the Republicans), but intends on saying and doing what is necessary to start winding down the Quasi-War.

April 18th, 1796:
Patrick Henry arrives in Paris. The first item on his agenda is a meeting with Minister to France Gouvernour Morris who plans on soon resigning, "this violence is far too much for me to continue bearing in this awful country" states Morris who, after nearly six years as Ambassador, has had enough.

April 22nd, 1796:
Patrick Henry gains entrance to see one of France's five directors, Étienne-François Letourneur. Negotiations are unpleasant as Henry doesn't handle the accusations of American favor of the British as best as possible. Over the next few months, tensions will thaw as Henry, meeting with multiple directors,will forge the Second Treaty of Paris.

May 5th,1796:
The Treaty of Madrid, nicknamed "Pinckney's Treaty", is submitted to the United States Senate. Following the failure of the Treaty of London, Adams is hoping for one last diplomatic triumph before the year is up. the treaty outlines the boundaries between the United States and Spain, agreeing that land West of the Mississippi and South of a line agreed upon by the treaty makers, is Spain's. The line in question is as seen below.

()
Basic map of the boundary created by Pinckney's Treaty

June 1st, 1796:
Tennessee, formerly known as "Territory South of the Ohio River", is admitted into the Union, becoming the nation's 16th state.

July 4th, 1796:
Warning against the dangers of partisan politics and the road to war, President Adams uses his Independence Day Address--on the twentieth anniversarry of the Independence Day, no less--to lay out his vision for America one last time and formally bow out of the upcoming race for the Presidency. "We did not set out to make a king and I have not intention of becoming one", cries Adams, "Two terms is long enough for me and I assume long enough for any man."

July 13th, 1796:
The Second Treaty of Paris is signed by American Foreign Affairs Secretary and the five French Directors. The Treaty has been forged following Henry's threats of cutting off American trade with France. America, which relies almost entirely on foreign trade, especially with England and France, Henry assures will be able to survive on its own. "You don't need our products, but you do need our money". France, especially in its time of war, has been strapped for cash and the cutting off of American markest would be brutal. In the Treaty, it assures that America will continue trading with France following the ceasing of hostilities.

July 22nd, 1796:
The news has reached London, and it's official. America has signed a trade treaty with France. Ever since the failure of the Treaty of London in the American Senate earlier in the year, tensions between America and its old master have been as high as the years immediately after the Revolution.

July 25th, 1796:
Hoping to make good time back to America and introduce the Treaty to the Senate when it reconvenes (or in a special session), Patrick Henry is scheduled to leave on an American merchant ship that leaves today. However, at the last second the Secretary is held back by a meeting with Minister to France Gouvernour Morris and Minister to the Netherlands John Quincy Adams.

July 28th, 1796:
Henry is at last able to leave France aboard a different ship. However, the British spies have not been informed of this, and assume he is still aboard the ship that left on the 25th, carrying with him the Second Treaty of Paris.

August 2nd, 1796:
The ship Patrick Henry had been scheduled to leave on on the 25th of July is seized by a British war ship. However, Henry is not on board and the ship is mercilessly sunk. The potential for war with France has now been reversed.

August 17th, 1796:
After a much shorter period of time than the Treaty of London, the Treaty of Madrid is confirmed by the Senate, marking a triumph for President Adams in the waning days of his Presidency.

August 18th, 1796:
Following the approval of the Treaty of Madrid, President Adams dismisses Envoy Extraordinary to Spain Thomas Pinckney of his duties, having served well during his time as diplomat.

September 9th, 1796:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Patrick Henry arrives back in America late at night. He is tired, and the Senate will not be officially in session until December, so he will wait until tomorrow to present the Treaty to the President.

September 10th, 1796:
Meeting with President Adams and presenting to him the Second Treaty of Paris, the news erupts across the nation of a new treaty that will end the Quasi-War.

September 12th, 1796:
The National Party nominates Senator Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut and War Secretary Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina for President. With the nomination of Pinckney they hope that can attract Revolutionary War veterans and Southerners to the ticket while Ellsworth most obviously is meant to hold down the base of Northern businessmen and lawyers.

()

September 27th, 1796:
Vice-President Thomas Jefferson, having been informed by letter of the Second Treaty of Paris, arrives in New York City to call the Senate into a special session to ratify the Second Treaty of Paris.

October 5th, 1796:
A caucus of the Republican Party nominates Vice-President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and Governor Samuel Adams of Massachusetts for President. As in the 1792 election, they are hoping that such a move will help them in the North. As well, they hope to bite into New England and to attract the support of those who elected John Adams and even the support of the President himself.

October 7th, 1796:
Lawyer and veteran of both the Northwest Indian Wars and the Revolutionary War Andrew Jackson is elected to be the first Representative from Tennessee's one at-large district.

October 12th, 1796:
A special session of the Senate officially begins, in which Senator James Madison introduces the Second Treaty of Paris. News of British hostilities at this point is slowly trickling and doesn't disrupt the debate, given that news of British impressment has become commonplace once agains since the failure of the Treaty of London earlier int he year.

November 13th, 1796:
In the states where the citizens themselves vote for President and Vice-President, the polls close.

December 7th, 1796:
The Presidential electors meet to cast their votes for President.There, Vice-President Thomas Jefferson is elected by a twenty vote margin with Republican Governor Samuel Adams of Massachusetts coming in second, making him Vice-President. In retrospect, many historians will credit the possiblity of peace with France. Jefferson had been Ambassador to France and the much more pro-British Oliver Ellsworth would likely have interrupted the ratification of the Second Treaty of Paris.

()

Vice-President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia [Republican]: 85 electoral votes
Governor Samuel Adams of Massachusetts [Republican]: 66 electoral votes
Senator Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut [National]: 65 electoral votes
Secretary of War Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina [National]: 52 electoral votes
President John Adams of Massachusetts: 5 electoral votes
Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton of New York [National]: 3 electoral votes

December 25th, 1796:
With it being clear that Jefferson has won the election, Republican newspapers run what they are billing as "America's Christmas Gift", a Jefferson victory and what the President-elect calls "The Revolution of 1796, one that ranks on par with that of our original Revolution twenty years ago". In Braintree for the holidays, the President writes Jefferson, congratulating him on winning and admitting, "I had always known that you too would one day become President".

December 26th, 1796:
The Adams cousins, the President and the Vice-President-elect, greet each other at the President's home in Braintree. They discuss politics, their agreements and disagreements, how America shall proceed under Jefferson, and other issues. Adams congratulates his cousin on his election to the Vice-Presidency

March 3rd, 1797:
In a mad dash to beat the clock, The Treaty of Madrd is confirmed by the United States Senate, marking a significant and final accomplishment for the Adams Administration.

March 4th, 1797:
Thomas Jefferson is sworn in by Chief Justice William Cushing as the 2nd President of the United States. Jefferson has chosen to ride to Federal Hall on his own horse, alone, rather than surrounded by the splendor and glory of a military force or some other show of government power. In his address, the introverted Jefferson nonetheless rallies his supporters, referring to “A Revolution just as important, powerful, and consequential as our own, just over twenty years ago.” Samuel Adams is sworn in as the 3rd Vice President of the United States of America. Additionally, the 5th Congress convenes for the first time today. Leading the Senate is President Pro Tempore James Madison. Meanwhile, the House holds a large majority of Republicans, led by Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina. Following the ceremony, offices across Federal Hall are being emptied as Nationals like Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton and Navy Secretary George Cabot know there is no chance of them staying on in Jefferson’s cabinet.

()

March 7th, 1797:
Vice President Samuel Adams, addressing the Senate--a body of which he is now President--on the issue of the new President’s cabinet, states “Postmaster General James Monroe shall be staying on in his position. The rest, in accordance with the wishes of the President, shall be subject to change.”

March 12th, 1797:
Wanting some semblance of balance in a cabinet he intends to be mostly Republican, Jefferson writes Ambassador to the Netherlands John Quincy Adams, asking him to accept an appointment to become Secretary of the Navy.

March 15th, 1797:
One of the first of Jefferson’s appointees is delivered to the Senate. Former Ambassador toSpain William Short is nominated to replace Gouvernour Morris as Minister to France.

March 24th, 1797:
With Republicans controlling even the Senate, the appointment of Short is quickly herded through and confirmed. Despite cries from members of the National Party that any man beholden to the radical philosophies of the French Revolution shouldn’t serve as America’s chief diplomat there, Short is the next Ambassador to France.

April 5th, 1797:
On the same day that William Short leaves for France, the first major cabinet appointment is introduced to the Senate, and it is one of their own. Senator Arthur Gallatin of Pennsylvania has been appointed to become the next Treasury Secretary of the United States. Many are opposed to having “that damned foreigner” heading the Treasury, and it’ll be much more difficult than the appointment of Short late last month. Later that day, former Congressman Henry Dearborn is nominated for Secretary of War.

April 12th, 1797:
Henry Dearborn is confirmed as the third United States Secretary of War.

April 20th, 1797:
The Jefferson Administration submits another large cabinet appointment to the Senate, and once again, it is another member of that body. President Pro Tempore, “Father of the Constitution”, and Senator from Virginia James Madison is appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs. With his clout in the body, it is expected to go smoother than Gallatin’s appointment. In preparation for his ascension to the office, Madison resigns his post as President Pro Tempore and it is filled by Aaron Burr after a day-long debate.

April 26th, 1797:
Receiving Jefferson's letter, Minister John Quincy Adams is left to ponder his future. He had originally never intended to enter the public life and had wanted instead to focus on his private practice. While the position of Secretary of the Navy draws the young son of a President closer to power and more drawn into the political world he is reluctant to take part in, it also leads him closer to home.

April 29th, 1797:
John Quincy writes back to Jefferson, accepting the appointment and resigning from the position of Minister to the Netherlands so as to free him up to return home for the nomination.

May 2nd, 1797:
Former Governor George Clinton of New York, a Vice Presidential candidate for the Republicans in 1792, and a leading Presidential contender for the 1796 nomination until his defeat in 1795, is appointed Attorney General by President Jefferson.

May 3rd, 1797:
James Madison is confirmed as the United States’ third Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

()

May 19th, 1797:
William Short presents his credentials to the French Directors, who recognize him as the next Ambassador to France.

May 25th, 1797:
The USS United States is christened, the first of the original six Navy frigates. While many over the past three years have been expecting that they be used on French ships, especially with the Quasi-War. However, with the Quasi-War winding down since Jefferson's inauguration, it's likely a new purpose will be found for them.

May 27th, 1797:
George Clinton is confirmed as the 3rd United States Attorney General.

June 8th, 1797:
At long last, Albert Gallatin is confirmed to become the next Treasury Secretary of the United States of America.

()

June 12th, 1797:
Upon reception of John Quincy's letter, Jefferson appoints John Quincy Adams Secretary of the Navy. While a number of Republicans are opposed to the nominating of a National to a cabinet position, there are just enough that retain memories of his father's attempts at a bi-partisan administration to support him..

July 3rd, 1797:
Just as Adams arrives home, he is confirmed as Secretary of the Navy. A number of Congressman have helped compose an office in the room formerly occupied by George Cabot and Adams spends his first days riding to and from Braintree to gather some essential belongings and see family members. With this confirmation, Jefferson's cabinet is complete:
   Vice President: Samuel Adams of Massachusetts [Republican]
   Secretary of Foreign Affairs: James Madison of Virginia [Republican]
   Secretary of the Treasury: Albert Gallatin of Pennsylvania [Republican]
   Secretary of War: Henry Dearborn of Massachusetts [Republican]
   Attorney General: George Clinton of New York [Republican]
   Secretary of the Navy: John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts [National]
   Postmaster General: James Monroe [Republican]

July 4th, 1797:
In continuing the tradition laid down by President Adams, Jefferson addresses the Senate on Independence Day. While the past four months have been about mainly filling the cabinet, he vows to pursue his agenda over the next four years.

August 1st, 1797:
On the two year anniversary of when George Cabot reported to the Senate the amount of American merchant ships sunk or seized by the French, John Quincy Adams delivers his own report. However, the data is quite different as the amount of British seizures has increased a large amount while French incidents on the other hand, have halved, but still occur.

August 17th, 1797:
In the first real act of President Jefferson pursuing his agenda, a bill is submitted to Congress to halve the size of the United States Army. It is only thanks to the work of Secretaries Madison and Adams that he has not chosen to pursue the Navy as well. With trans-Atlantic tensions still high, the cabinet has agreed a strong Navy may be necessary. Called simply An Act Concerning the United States Army, the minority Nationals firmly oppose it, but to little avail.

August 19th, 1797:
In a meeting between President Jefferson, Secretary of Foreign Affairs Madison, and Secretary of the Navy John Quincy Adams, it is agreed that the United States must defend itself against continue European attempts to disrupt American trade for their own interests.

August 24th, 1797:
A second act concerning the military is introduced, the Act of Protection of United States Commerce. Despite also having the support of the administration, this bill is of an eerily different tone than the one introduced seven days ago. It authorizes force against ships threatening American merchant ships. The main target in passing this is to strengthen American resolve against the British who as John Quincy Adams has demonstrated, are the biggest threat to American peace and security right now.

September 1st, 1797:
The Act of Protection of United States Commerce is easily passed by a majority of both Nationals and Republicans as the majority see it as they like--the Nationals seeing it as a weapon against the French, the Republicans seeing it as a weapon against the British.

September 9th, 1797:
For the same reasons it passed easily in the Senate, the Act of Protection of United States Commerce passes the House of Representatives easily.

September 11th, 1797:
Thomas Jefferson signs the Act of Protection of United States Commerce. While Madison and John Quincy agree with the President that it is necessary to protect American commerce, some such as Postmaster General James Monroe fear that it may pave the way towards full scale war with the British.

September 14th, 1797:
Nearly a month later, An Act Concerning the United States Army is put to a final vote and passes by a slim majority.

September 21st, 1797:
With a large majority in the House of Representatives, Republicans pass An Act Concerning the United States Army rather easily, a success for the Jefferson Administration.

September 22nd, 1797:
President Jefferson proudly signs An Act Concerning the United States Army, citing how a standing army is one of the greatest threats to liberty.

October 5th, 1797:
Senator William Blount of Tennessee concludes a meeting with British Ambassador to the United States, Sir Robert Liston. This is not the first meeting, nor is it the last and Liston's activity with various British agents--activity that goes un-discovered by his colleagues--will increase as the year draws to an end and a new one begins.

October 20th, 1797:
Merriwether Lewis, a veteran of the North-West Indian Wars and a friend of President Jefferson from Virginia, is made an aide to the President, a position which will serve him well.

()

November 7th, 1797:
Completing a trilogy of military-related legislation this year, Senator and former Navy Secretary George Cabot introduces the Marine Corps Forces Act of 1797, which creates the United States Marine Corps. This is an act that focuses less on seizures by European powers, and more on seizures by the nation of Tripoli, which a Marine Corps--designed to use the Navy to launch combat missions where need be--would be able to handle.

December 22nd, 1797:
Secretary of the Navy John Adams marries Louisa Catherine Johnson. Having first met her in 1795 as Ambassador to the Netherlands, he has been courting her for over two years, though the process was disrupted by his move to America.

()

December 25th, 1797:
Christmas, and former President Adams is glad to preside over a full and festive family this day. Only a year ago he was President and surrounded by partisan rancor and bitter rhetoric from both parties. Only a year ago he was meeting with Vice President-elect Samuel Adams and preparing to leave office. Now, he is retired and much happier for it.

List of Presidents of the United States of America
1. John Adams (None-Massachusetts) April 30th, 1789-March 4th, 1797
2. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-Virginia) March 4th, 1797-?

List of Vice Presidents of the United States of America
1. John Rutledge (None-South Carolina) March 4th, 1789-March 4th, 1793
2. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-Virginia) March 4th, 1793-March 4th, 1797
3. Samuel Adams (Republican-Massachusetts) March 4th, 1797-?

List of United States Secretaries of Foreign Affairs
1. John Jay (None, National-New York) July 27th, 1789-February 10th, 1796
2. Patrick Henry (Republican-Virginia) February 25th, 1796-March 4th, 1797
3. James Madison (Republican-Virginia) May 3rd, 1797-?

List of United States Secretaries of the Treasury
1. Samuel Osgood (None-New York) September 11th, 1789-April 11th, 1792
2. Alexander Hamilton (None, National-New York) May 10th, 1792-March 4th, 1797
3. Albert Gallatin (Republican-Pennsylvania) June 8th, 1797-?

List of United States Secretaries of War
1. Henry Knox (None-Massachusetts) September 12th, 1789-December 31st, 1794
2. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (National-South Carolina) January 3rd, 1795-March 4th, 1797
3. Henry Dearborn (Republican-Massachusetts) April 12th, 1797-?

List of United States Attorneys General
1. John Marshall (None, National-Virginia) September 24th, 1789-November 19th, 1795
2. Fisher Ames (National-Massachusetts) December 11th, 1795-March 4th, 1797
3. George Clinton (Republican-New York) May 27th, 1797-?

List of United States Postmasters General
1. Cotton Tufts (None-Massachusetts) September 26th, 1789-June 27th, 1794
2. William Johnston Dawson (Republican-North Carolina) June 27th, 1794-January 16th, 1796
3. James Monroe (Republican-Virginia) January 23rd, 1796-?

List of United States Secretaries of the Navy
1. George Cabot (National-Massachusetts) February 5th, 1794-March 4th, 1797
2. John Quincy Adams (National-Ma) July 3rd, 1797-?

January 1st, 1798:
Beginning the new year, a new tariff reduction proposal is introduced in the House of Representatives. Lowering the tariff rates from eight percent to six percent--only one percentage point above what they were before Hamilton's proposals in 1791--It is supported by both Republicans from all walks of life, and also by New England shippers who receive most of their revenue from trade with Europe. Supporters of industry, such as the now technically out of work Alexander Hamilton, find themselves almost completely alone in their opposition to it.

January 11th, 1798:
Dubbed the Trade and Commerce Act of 1798, it passes the House of Representatives by a comfortable margin. With the Senate still under control of the Republicans, it is likely to pass there as well.

January 15th, 1798:
The Trade and Commerce Act of 1798 is introduced in the Senate. With Senator George Cabot throwing approval of several New England Nationals behind it, it is likely to pass. However, the Senate is a much slower and deliberate body than the House.

February 1st, 1798:
The Senate passes the Trade and Commerce Act of 1798 by a large margin despite the protests of a small number of middle colony Nationals.

February 2nd, 1798:
Jefferson proudly signs the Trade and Commerce Act of 1798. While he would prefer one pushing tariffs down another two percent, to four percent, he understands that a push that far wouldn't have been as easy to pass as the one he has just signed his name to.

February 13th, 1798:
In a letter to New York Governor Stephen Van Rensselaer, former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton convinces the Governor to forgo re-election. Renssalear, himself a politician more out of a sense of duty than personal ambition, and having accomplished a number of the reforms he pushed for, is easily persuaded to return to the private life. Hamilton, who has been aching for a platform from which to oppose Jefferson on, now has no National Party rival to oppose him for Governor.

February 28th, 1798:
Meeting secretly with Creek and Cherokee leaders, Tennessee Senator William Blount, in collusion with the British, convinces the two Indian tribes to begin attacks on the Spanish territory of West Florida, promising fictional American aid and sanctions for it.

April 7th, 1798:
The Mississippi Territory is formally organized.

April 20th, 1798:
Cherokee raids in West Florida begin. However, Spanish settlements are not the only targets of the Cherokee as American settlers in the newly organized Mississippi Territory are drawn into the violence as well. Creek violence follows as well, sparking the outrage of farmers and settlers in Georgia, Tennessee, South Carolina, and of course the Mississippi Territory.

April 24th, 1798:
Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, a National, is elected Governor of New York, beating his Republican opponent, Robert Livingston.

()

May 7th, 1798:
Edward Telfair, former Governor of Georgia, is confirmed as the Governor of the Mississippi Territory.

June 5th, 1798:
In one of his first days in Natchez, the capitol of the Mississippi Territory, Governor Edward Telfair is formally notified of the Indian violence that escalated months ago. As Governor, he vows to use the local militia to crush the seeming Indian insurrection.

June 19th, 1798:
Secretary of the Northwest Territory Winthrop Sargent, a National and Adams appointee, submits his resignation due to working under Jefferson. Jefferson is pleased and plans on appointing a Republican to the post.

June 25th, 1798:
To fill the vacancy left by Sarget, President Jefferson appoints the young William Clark to the position of Secretary of the Northwest. Clark is an experienced military man and surveyor, having helped scout out the site for the District of Columbia with John Adams and serving with distinction as a battlefield leader in the Northwest Indian Wars. Since then he has served in the Northwest militia and in various scouting and surveying expeditions. He was recommended to take the position by Presidential aide Meriwether Lewis, a friend of Clark. Defending his appointment, President Jefferson says "Some may call him young, but the world belongs to the young and they will inherit it when we are gone. It's best that they be prepared to take hold of this world when the time comes." Since the position of Secretary of the Northwest is only the second in command, and Clark will be led by the more experience Governor Arthur St. Clair, there is less controversy than there might have been.

July 1st, 1798:
Alexander Hamilton is sworn in as the third Governor of New York, succeeding George Clinton and Stephen Van Renssalear. This gives him significantly more power than he's held since March 4th, 1797 and he now has a greater platform from which to oppose Jefferson on. While he, as of the moment, has no ambitions for himself, he does have a love of pulling the strings for others.

July 3rd, 1798:
William Clark is confirmed as the second United States Secretary of the Northwest. He will be reporting to Fort Washington along the Wabash River to assume his duties.

()

July 4th, 1798:
In his annual address to the nation, President Jefferson promises continued progress in both down-sizing the army and in cutting federal power. The Act Concerning the United States Army and Trade and Commerce Act of 1798 have been great strides in the direction desired for him, the Republicans, and, he promises, the nation. Meanwhile, he continues, the more aggressive acts, including the creation of the Marine Corps and the Act of Protection of United States Commerce were "acts necessary to ensure the survival of freedom domestically and make the nation capable to protect itself from the tyrannies of European monarchies, which are anathema to the republican ideal."

July 14th, 1798:
Secretary William Clark arrives at Fort Washington in the Northwest Territory to begin his duties as Secretary of the aforementioned region.

July 16th, 1798:
The Marine Hospital Service Act, "an act for disabled seamen" is signed by President Jefferson.

August 3rd, 1798:
In a meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Francisco de Saavedra y Sangronis, Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison is harangued for what is translated as "American support for the Indian violence in West Florida". Deeply concerned, Madison promises that his country has had no hand in this and that America herself has been under Cherokee and Creek assault since the beginning of Spring. He promises that upon return to America, this will be investigated.

September 20th, 1798:
A special session of Congress is opened, where-in a Senate committee is opened up, given the title "The United States Committee for Investigation into Mississippi Indian Affairs". As a member of the committee, Tennessee Senator William Blount is in an awkward position.

October 10th, 1798:
A package of letters is suddenly procured and read aloud by an angry and embarrassed President Jefferson on the Senate floor. Jefferson's face is read with anger, frustration, and gall as he reads, out loud, letters between William Blount and various British diplomats and Navy admirals, conspiring to incite the Cherokee and Creek to war with Spain, which has now resulted as well in conflict in the United States. The Senate immediately votes to impeach Blount, who leaves the Senate immediately. The entire Republican party is ready to proceed with Senate hearings sending Blount to jail, or worse to the gallows, as a traitor, and a number of Nationals are willing to comply.

()

October 11th, 1798:
Now that the letters have revealed Great Britain to have a hand in manipulating affairs on the American continent, the Senate is deliberating what to do about it, with some fringe elements of the Republicans calling for a second war with England. Meanwhile, James Madison prepares to leave for Paris to meet not only with the French Directors, but also with the Spanish Prime Minister.

October 16th, 1798:
The Tennessee General Assembly elects former Senator and current Tennessee Supreme Court Justice Andrew Jackson to fill the vacancy left by William Blount.

October 25th, 1798:
Andrew Jackson, arriving in New York, is sworn in for another term in the U.S. Senate representing Tennessee.

November 21st, 1798:
Navy Secretary John Quincy Adams decline offers from Massachusetts Nationals begging him to run for Senate in February. "Our party was founded on the principles of standing up for our nation and supporting policies that benefit it, and I can not rightly live up to those standards should I abandon my position here when we are so close to war."

November 28th, 1798:
American Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison sits in Paris, France, with Spanish Prime Minister Francisco de Saavedra y Sangronis and three of the French Directors: Jean-François Rewbell, Paul François Jean Nicolas, and Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux. Three three Directors present are allies and of the more radical sort than the other two Directors. Opposing cessions to end their current war in Europe, these French Directors are glad to be presented with the opportunity to gain allies in Spain and America. In this meeting, the men form what will be called the "Triumvirate", a group of three nations allied against the British for different but similar reasons. As well, Madison immediately begins correspondence with Jefferson for advice, the President's view on things, and the American perspective.

December 18th, 1798:
A week before Christmas, with news buzzing between the two oceans and between multiple countries of the potential for an American alliance with France and Spain, British and Canadian troops cross the Northernmost boundary of the Northwest Territory and make their first few steps onto American soil.

December 25th, 1798:
Referred to as the "Battle of Christmas Day", American militamen meet British and Canadian regulars in an unexpected battle near what is today called Washington County in the South-Eastern part of Michigan.

January 1st, 1799:
The year begins with solemnity and bitterness as British troops are marching down through the North-West Territory and the nation seems to now be in an unofficial state of war. Meanwhile, in the Senate, a Declaration of War against Britain. In Paris, James Madison continue discussions with France and Spain over the formation of an alliance.

January 4th, 1799:
Upon ratification of a Declaration of War against Britain by the Senate, a number of New England Nationals find themselves storming out in protest. Among the few that remain are George Cabot of Massachusetts and Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut. President Jefferson, for the record, signs it solemnly, launching the new nation into its first official state of war. Upon Jefferson's signing, Senator Andrew Jackson of Tennessee immediately resigns to join the fight in the North-West.

January 6th, 1799:
Both Houses of Congress near unanimously pass the Embargo Act, forbidding trade with Great Britain and its allies. As well, the Act of National Defense is introduced, permitting a buildup of the army. Its supporters profess that the militias will not be enough to stop British regulars.

January 7th, 1799:
Secretary of the Navy John Quincy Adams orders the small U.S. Navy into a state of preparedness.

January 25th, 1799:
In the Massachusetts State Senate, a move towards condemning America's State of War with Great Britain is narrowly struck down. By many the move was interpreted as a move towards secession and thus so opposed. This vote is only following hours of debate and speeches. Among the notable speakers against the move, there were former President John Adams, Senator George Cabot, and Vice President Samuel Adams. Among those arguing for condemnation were former Senator Caleb Strong and attorney John Lowell Jr.

February 5th, 1799:
Secretary of the Northwest William Clark meets the British in battle near Sargent County, a long ways North of Fort Washington. It is his first time meeting the British in battle and the smallness of the battle allows for an American victory. He later writes "In this war we have on advantage, and that is the British are fighting in a foreign country, thousands of miles from their own home."

February 12th, 1799:
In Connecticut, State Senator John Treadwell, a National, introduces a move similar to that in Massachusetts. The National run State Senate, filled mostly with representatives of New England shipping interests, has a good chance of passing the proposal.

()

February 21st, 1799:
Having received news from America of the Declaration of War, Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison is given the go-ahead to commence with any treaty with France and Spain that is acceptable to him.

March 1st, 1799:
The state of Connecticut officially condemns the nation's Declaration of War on Great Britain. Across the country, politicians will be condemning what is being attributed to as an act of treason. However, Connecticut hasn't stopped there.

March 4th, 1799:
The sixth Congress begins with a number of New England members missing, having resigned and their states having failed to produce successors. With this, the Republicans dominate the leadership nominations. The President Pro Tempore is Stephen R. Bradley of Vermont and the Speaker is Nathaniel Macon.

March 10th, 1799:
In a surprise attack, the British cross the border between New York and Canada, marking what is dubbed the Second Invasion.

March 11th, 1799:
Following the Sunday service, Governor Alexander Hamilton embarks North with the New York militia to fight the British.

March 13th, 1799:
The House finally passes the Act of National Defense in response to continued losses to the British in the Northwest Territory and the new British incursion into New York. The act, signed by President Jefferson, appropriates a large amount of money towards the arming, training, and running of a national army. As well, it creates the process for collecting recruits, allowing all able-bodied men to report to their town halls and county chairs to begin joining the national army.

March 15th, 1799:
Governor Alexander Hamilton, heading the New York state militia, meets the British in battle in upstate New York. Hamilton, a veteran of the revolution, seems in his element fighting the regulars. However, despite incurring a number of casualties, he is forced to retreat to the South.

March 21st 1799:
The Ternion Treaty is signed in Paris by Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison and representatives of France and Spain.

March 26th, 1799:
Following a request from New York and from the Federal Government for troops from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, and the rest of New England, Connecticut refuses to send members of its militia or any man that has signed up to be part of the national army. With this success, he plans on heading home to America.

April 3rd, 1797:
In Massachusetts, former Congressman Elbridge Gerry, a National, is elected Governor following a local backlash against those favoring the act of condemnation proposed by the more radical Nationals earlier in the year. He is seen as a moderate choice who is in support of the war but also a strong supporter of "Hamiltonian" economic policies.

April 8th, 1799:
With an influx of new troops from the Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts stae militias, Alexander Hamilton's New York troops see a changing of the tide in their fight against the British. However, Hamilton has been driven considerably South and if this good luck fails to be consistent, the British will be drawing close to to the more densely populated areas of the state. Troops from Connecticut are still being withheld by the state government.

April 18th, 1799:
In a small Connecticut town, a messenger from New York asking for the state militia is tarred and feathered. Such incidents have become common, reminiscent of the fate of tax collectors in Massachusetts during the prelude to the American Revolution.

May 3rd, 1799:
Secretary of Foreign Affaris James Madison arrives in New York City, delivering the Trenion Treaty to President Jefferson.

May 8th, 1799:
In a meeting with War Secretary Henry Dearborn, Navy Secretary John Quincy Adams who has been heavily involved in foreign affairs since his boyhood, Ambassador to France William Short, former Minister to Spain Thomas Pinckney, and of course James Madison, it is recommended by almost everyone in the meeting that Jefferson approve of the treaty.

May 14th, 1799:
The Trenion Treaty is introduced into the United States Senate. The treaty says, basically, that the three nations of America, France, and Spain agree to aid each other militarily and economically in their war against Great Britain.

May 31st, 1799:
At the Battle of Fort Washington, Secretary of the Northwest Territory William Clark, heading the National Army in its first time in battle, leads a successful battle against a large detachment of British troops.

June 2nd, 1799:
Elbridge Gerry is sworn into his first term as Governor of Massachusetts.

()

June 20th, 1799:
With lawmakers not having seen their homes in months, the Trenion Treaty at last passes the United States Senate.

June 24th, 1799:
Alexander Hamilton is forces to follow the strategy his mentor, George Washington, followed many years ago during the Revolution, to "win by losing" as he is forced to retreat further south. He sends messages to Albany and New York City to warn the state and national governments to prepare for another Battle of New York.

June 27th, 1799:
The Privateering Act of 1799 is signed into law by President Jefferson, granting bounty to volunteer private ship owners along the coast to aid in fighting the naval battle with the British. As well, it authorizes the purchasing of any and all available ships from Massachusetts shipyards. Some see this as not only a military necessity, but a political one as well as it may be a reward for Massachusetts' loyalty to the Union. That same day, President Jefferson receives news that they British may soon be closing in on downstate New York, specifically, towards New York City, the national capital and a center of culture, commerce, and people. Jefferson sees that the United States is in its greatest danger ever since the Revolution.

July 1st, 1799:
In one final request for troops from Connecticut, two officers of the National Army, appointed by Henry Dearborn himself, are beaten and hanged in the capital of Connecticut, Hartford. While this act isn't promoted by the government, it isn't condemned either.

July 4th, 1799:
Speaking to a tired Congress, held in emergency session in order to pass any and all wartime acts as seen necessary, President Jefferson promises that on this anniversary of the nation's liberty, America shall not waiver against the British despite their progress towards New York.

July 18th, 1799:
William Clark oversees a large American victory in the Battle of Mackinac where American troops have successfully laid siege to the British fort of Mackinac--technically on American land--over the past three weeks. With that, the British lose a large foothold and are forced to retreat North.

August 16th, 1799:
The city of Albany, the capitol of New York state, is set ablaze as the British march through in pursuit of the ever retreating New York militia. That night, Hamilton writes, requesting more troops and that the Federal Government evacuate from New York City.

()

August 17th, 1799:
Passing through Kinderhook that morning, Alexander Hamilton asks all able bodied men to come to arms to join the militia and help the army. He warns that the British will be passing through the town as well in what may be a matter of days or hours and that this is an important moment for the town and for America. Among those that volunteer to help to, in vain, protect their town is a young lawyer's apprentice named Martin Van Buren.

August 18th, 1799:
Being shoved awake in the early morning hours to hear news from the front-lines that the British have burned Albany and are making their way towards the capitol. Meanwhile, in Kinderhook, a sixteen year-old Martin Van Buren is wounded in the attempt to stop the oncoming British. However he will stick with the militia even as he is forced to flee from his small town as the Britisih continue marching South. He thanks God that the city has not been burnt on in other ways defiled and the British merely intend to pass through and continue South.

August 19th, 1799:
The Senate and the House of Representatives are ordered out of New York City as well as any of the members of the Supreme Court left around. Citizens as well are encourage to leave but a large number choose to stay behind with their President who has chosen to ride our the oncoming storm. "It is lucky the British are embroiled in Europe, or we would find every American port including this one substantially blockaded." he tells John Quincy Adams. Adams agrees. It's lucky that the war with Britain come at a time that America's allies of Spain and France are busy fighting the British in Europe. America is a small concern for Britain compared to the other two.

September 26th, 1799:
Hamilton's men arrive on the shores of New York, across the way from Manhattan Island. With all remaining New England recruits pouring in from the East, Hamilton awaits news from Andrew Jackson who has been embroiled in the Northwest Territory.

September 30th, 1799:
With their backs to the water, the New York State Militia and the National Army meet the British once again in battle. The battle itself will take weeks as the amount of forces committed by each side and the amount of retreating along the coast Hamilton does draw out America's otherwise weak forces.

October 2nd, 1799:
The British are hit from the side by Andrew Jackson's forces. The battle is far from over, but it is now an equal fight. With the Northwest Territory near completely cleared and William Clark to oversee it, Jackson has taken the vast mass of the National Army located there and brought them to New York.

()

October 20th, 1799:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court James Iredell passes away in Edenton, North Carolina at age 48, leaving a vacancy for President Jefferson to fill. However, he is in no position to fill it, nor even aware of Iredell's death as he find himself embroiled in the Battle of New York.

November 1st, 1799:
In a surprise, State Senator John Treadwell is elected Governor as a National following winning the nomination of his party over the incumbent and popular John Trumbull who didn't take kindly to the talk of near secession.

November 5th, 1799:
The Siege of New York is broken as a final surge of American forces up the coastline kills a large number of British regulars and the remainders flee or surrender. The battle has lasted over a month and is the singe bloodiest battle of both this war and the Revolution. The battle has made heroes of both Hamilton and Jackson who themselves were already nationally known. As well, a number of younger veterans emerge from the battle including the young Martin Van Buren who now plans on returning to Kinderhook to help the town and continue his apprenticeship as a lawyer if possible.

December 1st, 1799:
With the re-establishing of the Federal Government in New York City, Jefferson proposes to fill the seat left vacant by James Iredell with his own Attorney General, George Clinton. Clinton is a man of high standing and has served as Governor of New York in the past. However, he is also controversial and to some, such as the Nationals in New York, he is seen as one of their worst enemies. However, with Jefferson's popularity following victory over the British in that very city only a month prior and the Senate being controlled by Republicans, they will find itself easily confirming Clinton.

December 6th, 1799:
Following little debate, George Clinton is confirmed as the next Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. He resigns his position as Attorney General to take the seat.

()

December 13th, 1789:
Postmaster General James Monroe is appointed to become the next United States Attorney General. With little interest in law, Monroe is nonetheless a loyal protege of Jefferson.

December 19th, 1799:
James Monroe is confirmed as the fourth United States Attorney General. However, he has agreed to keep his position as Postmaster General as well until the next session of Congress. Following the emergency session which lasted throughout the year, Congress is heading home for the next few months.

()

December 25th, 1799:
A happy Christmas is celebrated throughout the nation as the Hell the nation seemingly descended to is now fleeing back towards the Canadian border. Jefferson now plots, with his cabinet and with the members of the military, the next step, that being incursion into Canada. "After the last year, taking Canada should be a mere matter of marching." declares the President. Northwest Secretary William Clark--another hero of the war thus far--finds himself leading the forces in the West. Andrew Jackson shall be there as well. Meanwhile, the second group of forces shall be heading up from New York and New England. Former New York Governor Stephen Van Renssalear who himself served in the Battle of New York is in charge of that force. Hamilton instead shall be left at home in order to oversee the reconstruction of Albany and the affairs of the state he was elected to govern. Navy Secretary John Quincy Adams plots the blockade of the coast through use of the Buckaneers, the small American fleet, the purchased ships, and the "mosquito boats" Jefferson has grown so fond of.

January 1st, 1800:
A new decade and a new year begin today. With American troops preparing to take the war into Canada and the United States recovering from a year of warfare in their own country, it is a year of hope for the young country.

January 25th, 1800:
The "Aroostook War" on the American-Canadian border in Northern Massachusetts begins as lumberjacks from both sides erupt into guerilla and militia fighting in the dead of winter. With that in mind, to President Jefferson, the time has come to strike.

February 13th, 1800:
In biting cold, American forces surprise attack a British detachment on the border between the Northwest Territory and Canada, beginning the American Invasion of Canada.

February 17th, 1800:
The Connecticut State Senate, under the command of the radical Governor John Treadwell, votes to condemn the recent actions of the United States military. But more importantly, a motion is also proposed, pledging resources to the British cause. As news of this escapes throughout the country, a political firestorm is brewing.

February 25th, 1800:
United States Attorney General James Monroe files to bring the State of Connecticut before a court to declare its recent actions unconstitutional. While such a move is expected, it is also seen as pre-emptive as Connecticut has yet to pass its most recently proposed motion.

March 15th, 1800:
Britain is reminded to "beware the Ides of March" as America's navy begins a blockade of Western Canada, specifically Nova Scotia. With tiny "mosquito boats" bombarding Nova Scotia's coast and assisted by cannon fire from an American frigate, Navy Secretary John Quincy Adams (looking on from a safely located boat) is proud. However, he knows that the British, in full force, still rule the seas and that success is relying on the distraction of war in Europe.

April 3rd, 1800:
Andrew Jackson's forces are attacked and nearly over-powered by a group of Canadian and American Indians on the journey into Canada, taking the largest death toll of the war in a single battle in what will be called the Battle of Northern Huron.

April 11th, 1800:
The Battle of Lake Erie, taking place on the aforementioned lakes' shores between British and America soldiers, kicks off the beginning of the second point of American invasion.

April 13th, 1800:
On the day of the President's 57th birthday, he receives bad news as he discovers that American troops in Canada have been slaughtered by vengeful Indian tribes, most notably the Ottawa and the Lenape, which fled there in 1793 following the massacring of their leaders and troops in the Northwest Indian Wars.

April 14th, 1800:
The Battle of Lake Erie ends with American victory, a morale boost to the troops who are under the command of General Stephen Van Renssalear. Sending a page back to New York to deliver the news of American victory, the general and his troops press on.

April 15th, 1800:
Having not received taxes at all from Connecticut since early 1799, federal troops, headed by Henry Dearborn himself, march into Connecticut. In the so-called "Battle of Stamford", Dearborn defeats the Connecticut state militia sent out to stop him. Despite President Jefferson's doctrine of "State's Rights", he is also a pragmatist, and knows no country in which its own states refuse to support it can survive.

May 3rd, 1800:
The National Party nominates former Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay of New York and Senator George Cabot of Massachusetts for President. Following the debacle in Connecticut and a number of secessionist movements in New England, these two are left as two of the few currently respected members of the party willing to run. Alexander Hamilton for his part is all too willing to stay out of the election and continue his term as Governor of New York.

May 11th, 1800:
With Vice President Samuel Adams refusing a second run, the Republican Caucus in Philadelphia instead nominates President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and Senator Aaron Burr of New York.

May 12th, 1800:
In the "Battle of Hartford", Governor John Treadwell is arrested as well as a number of members of the Connecticut State Senate. One of the biggest scandals in the nation's history, the near secession of a state, has been averted, but reconciling the state with its country will be less than easy.

May 14th, 1800:
With Congress re-convening, President Jefferson reveals his appointment to succeed Postmaster General James Monroe. It is John Breckenridge, the former Attorney General of Kentucky. An attorney and Revolutionary War veteran, Breckenridge served as a Congressman from Virginia (1793-1794) before resigning and moving to Kentucky, becoming its Attorney General (1795-1797). During his time in the House, Breckenridge was one of the original Republicans and had a loyal voting record while in there.

()

May 19th, 1800:
After a short period of debate, John Breckenridge is confirmed as the 4th United States Postmaster General.

May 27th, 1800:
An amphibious American force captures Fort George on the northern end of the Niagara River without serious losses.

June 2nd, 1800:
In order to smooth over the reconstruction of Connecticut and its government, President Jefferson appoints Congressman Gideon Granger to become interim Governor for Connecticut. Granger is a committed Republican and loyal party member. As members of a party founded on states' rights and democracy, this puts both Jefferson and Granger in an odd position. However, Granger vows to try to make it all work out.

()

July 4th, 1800:
President Jefferson's address to Congress is an optimistic one, focusing on the American successes in the invasion of Canada. No mention is made of many of the serious losses that were incurred around Lake Michigan.

July 9th, 1800:
Governor Granger unveils before Congress the 25% Plan. Under it, 25% of the Connecticut population will have to submit to a loyalty oath for the state to receive its full rights as citizens. While a majority of members of both parties support it--one Nationalist representative whispers that it seems like something his party would cook up--a faction emerges called the "Radical Republicans" organizes in opposition to it. Led by John Randolph Roanoke, they propose the 50% Plan, where 50% of all Connecticut residents must pledge their loyalty. "These Radicals are not Republicans at all!" cries Jefferson from his office, and he is right. The most radical of them go the most against the original principles of the party.

August 3rd, 1800:
Having fought itself far into Canada, Van Renssalear's forces now converge on Montreal. Despite heavy casualties, re-enforcements have joined them along the way and now, the Seige of Montreal begins.

August 25th, 1800:
After over three weeks of waiting, the Seige of Montreal comes to a close as British troops, starving, exit the valuable fort. One of the greatest moments of the war has ended with American victory.

September 10th, 1800:
The 25% Plan is finally passed by both the House and the Seante, despite the objections of the Radical Republicans. In it, an addition is made where-in at 10% loyalty, elections for Congress and the Governorship will be held, but only at 25% will reconstruction end and the right to participate in elections begin.

September 22nd, 1800:
With Andrew Jackson fighting in the North around the Georgian Bay, Secretary Will Clark meets British troops outside York, the capitol of Canada. With troops on both sides having dwindled and Americans having ravaged fields of crops or taken them for their own, the Americans have the advantage as they can be re-supplied from across Lake Ontario and from now American controlled Fort George.

September 25th, 1800:
In the most casualty filled battle of the war, surpassing the Battle of North Huron, the Battle of York ends with American victory, but at a heavy price. William Clark is left to attempt to control the city with only a few hundred men at his disposal and little hope for re-enforcement. Nevertheless, news of the two British defeats--at Montreal and now at York--will make its way back to London.

November 13th, 1800:
In the Election of 1800, all the states where popular vote affects the votes of the electors have now closed their polls.

December 3rd, 1800:
All states have now determined their electoral votes. However, the only clue anybody has as to the winner are through rumors. All these rumors, however, point to a massive land-slide re-election for Jefferson, the likes of which President Adams never experienced. The official results, however, will not be known until they are read in the Senate in February.

February 11th, 1801:
With the electoral votes for all the states being read aloud in the Senate under the watchful eye of outgoing Vice President Samuel Adams, it is soon made clear that something unprecedented has taken place in American politics: The first two finishers, President Jefferson and Senator Burr, have tied, meaning that a vote in the House of Representatives is required to determine who will be inaugurated on March 4th. Connecticut, due to still being under "Reconstruction" is prevented from voting.

()
President Thomas Jefferson [Republican-Virginia] 105 electoral votes
Senator Aaron Burr [Republican-New York] 105 electoral votes
Former Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay [National-New York] 32 electoral votes
Senator George Cabot [National-Massachusetts] 32 electoral votes

February 13th, 1801:
President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia is re-elected following two days of speculation. The majority of his opposition comes from embittered Nationals un-willing to let their most popular opponent maintain his control on the White House. Nevertheless, with the support of the majority of representatives, Jefferson is given a second term. His victory in Connecticut is due to the Reconstruction elections giving moderate Nationals--unaffiliated with the secession movement--the seats.

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President Thomas Jefferson [Republican-Virginia]: 11 states
Senator Aaron Burr [Republican-New York]: 5 states

March 4th, 1801:
President Thomas Jefferson is sworn in for a second term. This is the first inauguration to take place in the District of Columbia, the new national capitol on the Potomac. Aaron Burr is sworn in as the nation's fourth Vice President.

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List of Vice President of the United States

1. John Rutledge (None-South Carolina) April 30th, 1789-March 4th, 1793
2. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-Virginia) March 4th, 1793-March 4th, 1797
3. Samuel Adams (Republican-Massachusetts) March 4th, 1797-March 4th, 1801
4. Aaron Burr (Republican-New York) March 4th, 1801-?

List of United States Senators from Virginia (Class 1)
William Grayson (Anti-Administration) March 4th, 1789-March 12th, 1790
Thomas Jefferson (Republican) December 6th, 1790-March 1st, 1793
James Madison (Republican) March 22nd, 1793-May 3rd, 1797
Bushrod Washington (National) May 19th, 1797-?

March 4th, 1801:
As well, the 7th Congress convenes for the first time. Republicans hold significant numbers in both the House and the Senate and the Nationals have met the low point of their power, especially since the scandal in Connecticut.

March 5th, 1801:
On the first full day of his second term, Navy Secretary John Quincy Adams confides with the President that as soon as the war is complete, and it is looking to be within the year, he shall be resigning his position as Secretary of the Navy.

April 9th, 1801:
President Jefferson reads aloud a letter, distributed to the three powers of the Trenion Treaty, to his cabinet. In it, Great Britain is willing to come to negotiations with the three powers following a string of losses not only in the Americas, but in Europe as well. Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison will be heading to Paris immediately to engage in such discussions. There he will be meeting Spanish King Charles IV, and Napoleon Bonaparte who has risen from a general to become de facto leader of the French Directory.

April 30th, 1801:
The election for Governor of New York is held. While Governor Hamilton hadn't intended on running for a second term, the state of New York is still experiencing economic trouble and need for reconstruction of infrastructure and buildings, and the Governor allows himself to be put up for election a second time. That said, Governor Hamilton is re-elected by a large margin to his office.

May 10th, 1801:
Tripoli declares war on the United States, cutting down the flagpole at the consulate.

May 21st, 1801:
In the conclusion to a long and drawn out affair, the case of the State of Connecticut v. the United States is brought before the Supreme Court. With Attorney General James Monroe heading the prosecution, it is clear this case is one of great importance.

May 27th, 1801:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison arrives in Paris, meeting with King Charles and Director Bonaparte. While an official meeting place has not been set for the negotiations, there are talks of using Paris, London, or the Hague.

June 11th, 1801:
The case of The State of Connecticut vs. the United States is decided after a small amount of deliberation, and the decision is unanimous in favor of the plaintiff. With the former Governor John Treadwell and a number of State Senators now being formally tried for treason, they are sentenced, not to hanging, but to lifetime imprisonment. Such a change in the usual punishment is at the urging of President Jefferson to the court. In private he explained that a severe punishment could result in a much slower reconstruction period for Connecticut.

June 12th, 1801:
Riots break out in the state of Connecticut, still under reconstruction. While Governor Granger had urged the court not to decide the court case until after reconstruction, but it could not be changed.

June 14th, 1801:
Federal troops are forced to put down the riots. The last three days have been costly to hopes for Connecticut's full rejoining to the union.

July 4th, 1801:
The 25th Anniversary of the Revolution, President Jefferson's address to Congress--read aloud by Vice President Aaron Burr--is especially long, reflecting on the fight for liberty not only in America, but in France and Spain against England, and with American troops fighting in Canada.

July 20th, 1801:
U.S. Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison, Spanish Secretary of State Pedro Guerra, and French Director Napoleon Bonaparte at last have their first meeting with British Envoy Extraordinary Robert Liston, who has been appointed to head negotiations with the Trenion Pact. The meeting takes place in the neutral Holland, using the small nation's capital, the Hague, as their location to negotiate.

July 27th, 1801:
Meeting again, and for the first time settling into negotiations over the war, Madison is surprised that Prime Minister Tierney and his government have been willing to agree to the terms presented. In them, the United States shall receive parts of Southern Canada in exchange for peace. Meanwhile, France must stay within its borders and will receive no further attacks from monarchistic regimes. Finally, Spain shall be left alone in Florida and the British shall confine themselves to their Caribbean Islands and Canada. Prime Minister Tierney's reasoning had been that "Once again, the Tories have led us down the path of costly and un-necessary war. It is time for Great Britain to pull back, regroup, and be confined to trade and commerce."

August 1st, 1801:
In the Medditarranean Sea, the USS Enterprise defeats the Tripolitan ship in a fierce battle. Such violence has been the result of Tripolitan demands for tribute.

August 11th, 1801:
Connecticut finally fulfills its obligations in the 25% Plan. Elections for Governor and State Senate will be held in September.

September 8th, 1801:
In the election for Governor, former Comptroller of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott Jr. is elected Governor. A National, he is nonetheless one that was completely unconnected with the secession crisis a year ago and is loyal to his country.

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September 25th, 1801:
Negotiations in Holland conclude between Great Britain, the United States, France, and Spain. It is a diplomatic triumph for the Jefferson Administration and will, if successful, increase the size of the United States by a large margin.

October 3rd, 1801:
With negotiations at The Hague having concluded, Secretary Madison writes to the President that he shall be coming home soon, with a new peace treaty in hand.

November 14th, 1801:
Jefferson receives the letter from Madison. With Navy Secretary John Adams having said that he will leave office upon the end of the war, Adams revises his promise: Come January 1st, 1802, Adams will be resigning his post.

November 18th, 1801:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Madison arrives home with the newly minted Hague Treaty in hand.

November 19th, 1801:
Madison meets with President Jefferson, allowing him to look over the full text of the Hague Treaty. Glad that America has seen such a turn in luck, he gladly states that, should the treaty pass the Senate, he'd be glad to sign his name to it.

December 7th, 1801:
On the first day of the new session of Congress, President Jefferson appoints Captain Thomas Truxtun, a naval hero of the War of 1799 and of the Barbary Wars, is appointed to be the new Secretary of the Navy. While some of the former "Radical Republican" faction oppose the appointment of another National to the position, Truxtun is experienced in naval affairs, and with mainstream Republicans and all Nationalists approving the confirmation, the confirmation shall be fairly easy.

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As well, the Hague Treaty is presented to the Senate for the first time. With both Nationals and Republicans favoring national expansion, it is likely to be ratified early in the beginning of the upcoming year.

December 9th, 1801:
In order to create a system where confusions like the election of 1800-1801 don't occur, an amendment is proposed in Congress where, if ratified, it will have electors vote once for President and once for Vice President, instead of twice for President. Thus making the idea of an electoral tie much less possible, American democracy would be much more stable. With tensions having risen since Burr seemingly tried to depose President Jefferson, this is seen as much needed.

December 31st, 1801:
Secretary John Quincy Adams, on his last full day in office, writes a letter to his father about the great relief he has in stepping down from his position as head of the Navy during a time of war, but at the same time, the sense of gratitude and accomplishment he feels in having commanded the Navy in a time where the country must be defended.

Im'a edit more into this in a few.

January 1st, 1802:
New Secretary of the Navy Thomas Truxton is sworn in and the outgoing secretary, John Quincy Adams hands over his authority. Adams is planning on returning to Braintree and while he has no real wish to continue in politics, preferring his private practice, he will find a number of Bay Staters hoping for him to run for higher office in the future.

January 6th, 1802:
Former Navy Secretary John Quincy Adams settles into a private law firm in the middle of Boston. His status as a national hero in his own rite and as the son of the President is quite helpful in regaining legal contacts lost during his time abroad and in the government's service.

February 24th, 1802:
The Hague Treaty is, following a slow process, confirmed by a large margin. This means that America has acquired vast new lands to the North, and its first territorial gain since the Treaty of Paris.

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The new United States
Blue-Treaty of Paris, 1783
Red-Treaty of the Hague, 1802

February 27th, 1802:
In accordance with the Hague Treaty, the Embargo Act is unanimously repealed by both the House and the Senate in a show of national unity and the move of America from a wartime nation to a peacetime nation.

March 16th, 1802:
The university at West Point is established.

April 5th, 1802:
On election day in Massachusetts, three-term Governor Elbridge Gerry is re-elected to what wil be his fourth and final term as Governor. In other elections, John Quincy Adams fins himself, much to his disgruntlement, elected to the State Senate. Nevertheless, knowing his duty, he consents to being sworn in.

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Governor Elbridge Gerry (National) 63%
Former Congressman James Sullivan (Republican) 37%

April 20th, 1802:
The territories of Ontario and Quebec are established. The Ontario Territory is to the North of the North-West Territory and its northern border is defined by the Ottawa River. Quebec lies North of New York and New England and its norther border is the St. Lawrence River. William Hull is appointed 1st Governor of the Quebec Territory and Secretary of the North-West William Clark is appointed Governor of the Ontario Territory. Clark, a war hero who spent the most time commanding troops in Canada, is best suited to deal with Ontario.

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William Hull--first Governor of the Quebec Territory

April 30th, 1802:
The Enabling Act of 1802 is passed, allowing residents of the eastern portion of the North-West Territory to form the State of Ohio. This sets precedent for future induction of states into the Union.

May 29th, 1802:
John Quincy Adams is sworn into the Massachusetts State Senate. His great legal mind and experience in the service of the Federal Government are seen as plusses, but his time away from Massachusetts is not.

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June 8th, 1802:
William Clark takes office in York, the capitol of the Ottawa Territory. The territory is populated mainly by bitter Native Americans and British citizens. He will have to work to civilize his territory and make it more hospitable to American settlers. This will include setting up trading posts and roads. Luckily, the area has already been somewhat settled which will make his job easier.

July 4th, 1802:
President Jefferson's annual address is one of triumph as it addresses the United States victory in the War of 1799. With American acquisitions in Canada and newfound peace, there is much to be happy about. Meanwhile, the university of West Point is unveiled and opened.

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September 19th, 1802:
In Ontario, in every town square, the Governor's order is delivered, that when 60,000 citizens take loyalty oaths to become citizens of the United State--assuming they are not already citizens--the state will be inducted to the United States as a fully voting state. While a number of residents are embittered at the United States for their seizure of territory, many will decide to accept the way things are or move out. With American fur trappers arriving and roads now under construction, Governor Clark intends on ushering in statehood for Ottawa as soon as possible.

November 1st, 1802:
Delegates meet in Chillicothe in the North-West Territory and decide to form a constitution for the newly forming state of Ohio. Among the delegates are William Cheighton, Thomas Worthington, and Edward Tiffin.

November 29th, 1802:
Ohio is inducted as a state, making it the 17th state in the Union.

December 6th, 1802:
Governors William Hull and William Clark appear before the Senate requesting the passage of a Canadian Development Act, entailing the appropriations for road construction and other pieces of infrastructure. Other measures, such as the creation of territory militias, are overseen by the governors themselves.

December 25th, 1802:
Christmas for the Adamses in Braintree is a happy one. Former President Adams, long retired, is happy (though part of him resents the praise that seems to be continually heaped on Jefferson) to be with his entire growing family, and happy as well with the fact that his eldest, John Quincy, is holding a seat in the Massachusetts State Senate and will likely be elected to the U.S. Senate next year.

January 19th, 1803:
The Canadian Development Act is formally introduced to the House of Representatives by freshmen, Senator Isaac Shelby (R-KY) and Congressman William Chamberlain (N-VT). Being of the West and the North respectively, they are of the two regions most in support of developing American-Canada and see it as a regional ally of sorts.

February 17th, 1803:
State Senator from 1st District John Quincy Adams is elected to the United States Senate by a comfortable margin. A number of his colleagues are nonetheless happy to see the un-appeasing John Quincy pushed out of their Senate and into the national Senate. "His stubbornness will serve him better when we're not the ones asking him for favors", whispers one Senate.

February 19th, 1803:
President Jefferson signs an act of Congress approving Ohio's borders and constitution.

February 22nd 1803:
The Canadian Development Act is signed into law by the President. Despite protests from "High Nationals"--members of the party located in New England who are ardently against expansion--and "Radical Republicans", the act passed thanks to a coalition of more nationalistic and newer members of both parties.

March 1st, 1803:
While no official date for the admission of Ohio as the 17th state, this date is set retroactively as today.

March 3rd, 1803:
Edward Tiffin, one of Ohio's leaders and the President of its Constitutional Convention, is sworn in as the first Governor of Ohio.

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March 4th, 1803:
The first session of the 8th Congress of the United States commences. Among new faces are Senator John Quincy Adams (N-MA) and Congressman Meriwether Lewis (R-VA-5) who was recently elected to replace retiring Representative John J. Trigg. Lewis served as a member of the military in the Legion of the United States, the Virginia Militia, and the National Army, as well as having served as an important aide to President Jefferson (1797-1798, 1801). Among the departing are Senator Bushrod Washington (N-VA), the nephew of the late General Washington, who had been elected to finish Madison's term when he resigned to become Secretary of Foreign Affairs. All in all, Nationals have made gains for the first time since 1792, and despite Jefferson's popularity, it appears fatigue may be setting in.

Senate Balance of Power
President: Aaron Burr (R-NY)
President Pro Tempore: Stephen R. Bradley (R-VT)
Republicans: 19
Nationals: 15

House Balance of Power
Speaker: Nathaniel Macon (R-NC)
Republicans: 81
Nationals: 60
Vacant: 1

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Freshman Congressman Meriwether Lewis (R-VA-5)

April 30th, 1803:
President Thomas Jefferson receives a letter forwarded by Ambassador to France William Short explaining that France would be willing to negotiate the sale of the Louisiana Territory which they are soon to receive from Spain later in the year.

May 2nd, 1803:
Meeting Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison, the President shows him the news from France and tells him to prepare to leave soon and meet with Short as well as French Minister of Foreign Affairs Talleyrand to negotiate the purchase. He also prepares a letter back to Short telling him of their plans.

May 17th, 1803:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Madison leaves for France to negotiate the purchase of Louisiana.

June 20th, 1803:
Ambassador Short receives Jefferson's letter and is ecstatic. He relays the information back to Councilor Napoleon and Minister Talleyrand who are both happy.

July 3rd, 1803:
Secretary Madison arrives in Paris and immediately meets Ambassador Short. With Napoleon informed of his arrival, the American diplomats will be granted an audience with him soon.

July 4th, 1803:
With the nation having experienced over a full year of peace, and with the economy continuing on its course and no major legislation in the works, the President's annual address to Congress is brief. Being cautious, Jefferson chooses not to mention--yet--negotiations to purchase Louisiana.

July 6th, 1803:
Ambassador William Short and Secretary James Madison meet together with Minister Talleyrand for the first time and negotiations commence. While nothing is immediate, issues such as price and the date of transfer are discussed.

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French Minister of Foreign Affairs Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

September 10th, 1803:
Negotiations in Paris conclude with Madison, Short, Talleyrand, and Napoleon placing their signatures on a document that sells the entire Louisiana Territory for roughly $15 million, American. It is the biggest land gain in the nation's short history and will surely meet with awe in the states. Thus the Louisiana Purchase has been made.

September 30th, 1803:
Tennessee becomes the last state necessary to ratify the 12th Amendment to the United States Constitution which changes the election of Presidents from one that has each elector voting twice for President to a system where electors vote once for President and one for Vice President.

October 17th, 1803:
The Candian Homestead Act is proposed in the House of Representatives. Supported by moderate Republicans and Nationals alike, it agrees to sell land in the Canadian Territories at a premium so as to encourage settlement. With both Ontario and Quebec gaining more and more registered citizens by the day, it is believed both will become states in time for the next Presidential election.

October 22nd, 1803:
Jefferson receives news that the agreement has been made and is ecstatic.

November 7th, 1803:
Having passed both Houses of Congress, President Jefferson signs the Canadian Homestead Act. On the same day, Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison arrives home with the complete text of the Louisiana Purchase to present it to the Senate.

November 12th, 1803:
Following an address before the Senate on his experience in France and on the Louisiana Purchase, Secretary Madison confides with the President that he is tired of trips abroad and would appreciate an assignment to something more domestic, such as a court appointment. Ambassador Short, who has accompanied Madison to D.C., is longing for home and is looking to advance his career.

December 12th, 1803:
Upon confirmation of Short's successor as Ambassador to France, Robert Livingston, Short steps down from his position and prepares to move back to Virginia.

January 9th, 1804:
Ringing in the New Year, the Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase. The biggest opponents were New England Nationals who are opposed to Westward Expansion for sectionalist reasons, and ardent Radical Republicans, opposed to it due to its price tag. Nevertheless, these two groups are again marginalized by the mainstream of both parties.

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The United States, 1804
Red-The Treaty of Paris, 1783
Blue-The Treaty of the Hague, 1802
Green-The Louisiana Purchase, 1804

January 25th, 1804:
At the behest of Republicans in Congress, President Jefferson signs the Free Commerce Act, lowering tariffs to 4%.

January 26th, 1804:
Supreme Court Justice Alfred Moore of North Carolina resigns. During his time on the court he wrote only one opinion and was the least active judge on the bench. It is now up to the President to make what will be only the second Supreme Court appointment of his Presidency.

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January 30th, 1804:
President Jefferson appoints Secretary of Foreign Affairs James Madison of Virginia to fill the seat vacated by Alfred Moore. Madison is an experienced diplomat and legal mind and was one of the chief crafters of the constitution. "There is no one more fit than he to interpret our founding document and the law of the land."

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February 3rd, 1804:
James Madison is confirmed as the next Associate Justice of the Supreme Court and he takes his assignment that very day, resigning the post of Secretary of Foreign Affairs. That adds one more Republican to the bench.

Balance of the Supreme Court
Chief Justice: William Cushing (MA) Serving since 1789
Associate Justice: John Marshall (VA) Serving since 1795
Associate Justice: William Paterson (NJ) Serving since 1790
Associate Justice: Samuel Chase (MD) Serving since 1793
Associate Justice: George Clinton (NY) Serving since 1799
Associate Justice: James Madison (VA) Serving since 1804

February 5th, 1804:
In order to fill the vacancy left by Madison, the President appoints former Ambassador to France William Short to the position of Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

February 13th, 1804:
William Short is confirmed as the 4th United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs. He was one of Jefferson's many proteges from Virginia and served as one of John Adams' Ambassadors to Spain (1792-1794). His time as Ambassador to France earned him fame in Europe and America for his negotiations that led to American entry into a European War, and then American purchase of Louisiana. By now he is seen as a seasoned and respected diplomat, worthy of the position.

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March 15th, 1804:
Quebec is admitted as the 18th State in the Union. With rapid growth thanks to the movement of New England and New York businesses into the area, it is unsurprising that it become the first of the two Canadian Territories to be admitted to the Union.

March 22nd, 1804:
At the 1804 Republican Caucus, Vice President Aaron Burr is nominated for President. The star of the convention is the Vice Presidential nominee, "The man who bought us Louisiana", Secretary of Foreign Affairs William Short.

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March 30th, 1804:
Elections are held for Senate, Governor, and State Legislature in Quebec. Businessman, philanthropist, and former Governor of New York Stephen Van Renssaeler is elected the first Governor of Quebec, making him the first American to be elected Governor of two different states. During the last two years, Renssaeler's business expanded into the Quebec Territory with its coastline and ports. The Senators are James Livingston and Thomas Dunn. Dunn is a former British appointee to Quebec and the most prominent former British citizen to be elected. The At-Large Representative is Thomas W. Thompson. All are Nationals.

April 5th, 1804:
At the National Party Caucus, held in New York City, Governor Alexander Hamilton of New York and former Senator Bushrod Washington of Virginia are nominated for President and Vice President, respectively. Hamilton is the founder of the party and has paved a successful career as soldier, banker, legislator, Senator, Treasury Secretary, and Governor. During his two terms as Governor he defended New York against the onslaught of British troops and has overseen its reconstruction. Washington is the nephew of the late General Washington, has served in the Senate and as a judge in his homestate of Virginia.

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April 23rd, 1804:
President Jefferson commissions the Corps of Discovery to explore the new American lands to the West. It is led by the son of Daniel Boone, Nathan Boone.

May 10th, 1804:
A breakoff caucus of Radical Republicans nominates Representative John Randolph of Virginia for President and Senator Jesse Franklin of North Carolina for Vice President. They protest "President Jefferson's blatant imperialism, willingness to tolerate Northern banks and money, and his lack of concern for true Republican principles".

June 13th, 1804:
Ontario qualifies to be admitted as the 19th State in the Union. With that, elections for Governor, Senators, Representatives, and State Legislature are scheduled.

July 4th, 1804:
"We must remember that we are all Nationals, we are all Republicans, we are all Americans. While various factions may seem to wish to divide this nation, we must remember, United We Stand" proclaims Jefferson's Annual Address to Congress. It calls for a spirit of bi-partisan cooperation and seems to address specifically the Radical Republicans who have recently decided to challenge heir apparent Aaron Burr for the Presidency.

July 11th, 1804:
A political cartoon depicting the "duel" for the Presidency between Hamilton and Burr is published.

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July 17th, 1804:
In the Ontario elections for national and state office, Solomon Sibley is elected the At-Large Representative for Ontario. Sibley served in the North-West Legislature and has been one of the highest ranking government officials in Ontario since its establishment in 1802. William Clark, due to the calls of the citizenry, is elected the first Governor. In the Senate elections, William McMillan and Paul Fearing are elected Senators. All but Fearing are Republicans, and most of the State Legislature is as well. At the State Capitol, where William Clark is stationed as Territorial Governor, he is sworn in.

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Solomon Sibley, Representative from Ontario

September 18th, 1804:
The Corps of Discovery leaves Camp Dubois and begins their expedition.

November 9th, 1804:
The final polls for popular votes close, leaving the election in the hands of the counters and the state legislatures. Estimates show Hamilton winning many New England and Middle states. The South is for the most part in question.

November 18th, 1804:
Alexander Hamilton's father-in-law, former Senator Phillip Schuyler, dies. Schuyler helped to start Hamilton's career again when in 1790 he declined to run for re-election to the Senate and Hamilton took his place. From there, Hamilton rose to become Treasury Secretary and later Governor of New York, both positions of which helped springboard him to be a candidate for President.

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Philip Schuyler (November 20th, 1733-November 18th, 1804)
United States Senator from New York (July 16th, 1789-March 4th, 1791; January 12th, 1801-March 4th, 1803)

December 5th, 1804:
In the Presidential election, National Party candidate Alexander Hamilton wins by a comfortable margin, marking the first time a member of the National party is elected to the Presidency. He beats Republican candidate Aaron Burr and Radical Republican candidate John Randolph of Roanoke.

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Former Governor Alexander Hamilton [National-New York]/Former Senator Bushrod Washington [National-Virginia] 100 electoral votes
Vice President Aaron Burr [Republican-New York]/Secretary of State William Short [Republican-Virginia] 66 electoral votes
Representative John Randolph [Radical Republican-Virginia]/Senator Jesse Franklin [Radical Republican-North Carolina] 16 electoral votes

December 26th, 1804:
Following Christmas, President-elect Alexander Hamilton makes the decision to begin putting together his cabinet. Like Jefferson, a number of appointees will be from his home state. However, unlike Jefferson and his predecessor Adams, Hamilton has no intention of trying to unite the nation with his appointees.

January 3rd, 1805:
In a letter to Massachusetts Senator John Quincy Adams, Hamilton asks if he would be willing to step up and take the position of Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Adams has had a long career in travelling the world, starting from his childhood in the days of the Revolution when he accompanied his father on a number of diplomatic trips. Later, Adams served as Ambassador to the Netherlands (1795-1797) and Secretary of the Navy (1797-1802). Adams, however, declines. He is happy as a Senator and will need more prodding if he is to again be part of a President’s cabinet. He also advises against asking his father, former President John Adams. The nation’s first President is too happy in his retirement, being away from the controversy that seemed to surround his second term, to step back into the arena. Having to face the critics after having done so for his entire political career might make him mad.

January 7th, 1805:
Hamilton receives John Quincy Adams’s reply to his letter. With that, Hamilton must set about looking for a new choice for Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

February 12th, 1805:
In the House of Representatives, the results of the elections are read, confirming that Hamilton has indeed been elected President.

February 14th, 1805:
Philip J. Schuyler, Hamilton’s brother-in-law and a New York State Assemblyman, submits President-elect Hamilton’s choices for the cabinet to the Senate. For Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton’s friend, former Ambassador to France, and fellow Roger Morris protégé, Gouvernour Morris is appointed. The nominee for Attorney General is Elbridge Gerry, former Governor of Massachusetts. For Secretary of the Navy, Thomas Truxton is to be retained, and for Postmaster General, member of the Bank of New York Board of Directors and New York State Assemblyman James Roosevelt is chosen. The positions of Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Secretary of War have yet to be decided upon.

February 22nd, 1805:
While some had considered that former Secretary of War Charles Cotesworth Pinckney as a potential candidate, Governor of the Indiana Territory, war veteran, and former Congressman from the Northwest Territory William Henry Harrison is appointed. Hamilton had wanted a man with a record of service on the battlefield, and Pinckney has done quite little of that since the Revolution.

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Meanwhile, Hamilton's nominee for Secretary of Foreign Affairs is submitted. It is that of former Secretary John Jay, a fellow New Yorker and someone acknowledged as one of the nation's foremost diplomats.

March 4th, 1805:
Alexander Hamilton of New York is sworn in as the nation's third President. Bushrod Washington of Virginia is meanwhile inaugurated as its fifth Vice President. As well, many of Hamilton's cabinet appointees are confirmed and sworn in to their respective offices. The only one being held up is Hamilton's nominee for Secretary of the Treasury, his good friend, Gouvernour Morris.

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The 9th Congress is as well sworn in today. Nationals control the Senate by a narrow margin. In the House, Nathaniel Macon is able to convince some moderate Nationals to vote for him in the election for Speaker of the House. Otherwise, Macon would have been unable to cobble together a majority as Republicans control only a plurality and Radicals are unwilling to compromise.

Balance of Power in the Senate
President: Bushrod Washington (N-VA)
President Pro Tempore: Oliver Ellsworth (N-CT)
Nationals: 20
Republicans: 14
Radical Republicans: 4

Balance of Power in the House
Speaker:Nathaniel Macon (R-NC-6)
Republicans: 69
Nationals: 60
Radical Republicans: 15

March 6th, 1805:
The Senate at last rejects President Hamilton’s appointment of Gouvernour Morris to the position of Secretary of the Treasury. While the Senate is controlled by Nationals, some found Morris to be too much of an elitist, and Western, Southern, and Quebecois Nationals rejected the radical aristocrat.

March 13th, 1805:
After some deliberation, the new appointee for Secretary of the Treasury is submitted. It is former Auditor of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott, Jr., son of the former Governor of Connecticut and employee under Hamilton during the days of the Adams Presidency.

March 25th, 1805:
The Senate confirms Oliver Wolcott Jr. to become the nation’s 4th Secretary of the Treasury. President Hamilton’s cabinet is complete and the other side isn’t happy one bit. Not only are they all Nationals, but the only one from a state outside the North and New England is Secretary Harrison.
Secretary of Foreign Affairs: John Jay (N-NY)
Secretary of the Treasury: Oliver Wolcott Jr. (N-CT)
Secretary of War: William Henry Harrison (N-IN)
Attorney General: Elbridge Gerry (N-MA)
Secretary of the Navy: Thomas Truxton (N-PA)
Postmaster-General: James Roosevelt (N-NY)

March 26th, 1805:
With his cabinet assembled, it seems President Hamilton is ready to move ahead. However, Congress does not convene until December of the year, so he is forced to wait. In the meantime, he busies himself and his legislative allies to begin drafting the bills he desires.

April 27th, 1805:
In the Battle of Derne, United States Marines attack Tripolan city of Derna. This is one of the battles of the ongoing Barbary Wars along the coast of North Africa.

May 6th, 1805:
In order to acquaint America’s allies with the new leadership in place, Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay embarks on his first diplomatic mission under President Hamilton. It is to Madrid where Jay will meet with the leaders of France and Spain as part of the Trenion Pact.

June 25th, 1805:
John Jay, having arrived in Madrid a few days ago, meets with Ambassador Joseph Bonaparte, representing France, and First Secretary Pedro Cevallos Guerra of Spain. In a series of talks that will last over three weeks, they discuss the future of the Trenion Pact, its function, possible threats to each of the three nations, and how it will affect commerce.

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Ambassador Joseph Bonaparte of France

July 4th, 1805:
With Congress away, President Hamilton’s address is instead distributed via newspaper. In it, his plans for a nationalist economic policy and a Bank of the United States are discussed.

July 18th, 1805:
Talks having resolved, Secretary Jay prepares to head back to D.C. to speak with President Hamilton of his interactions with the representatives of Spain and France.

August 2nd, 1805:
With Governor John Sevier retiring, his former rival Andrew Jackson, a war hero, former Senator, and prominent planter, is elected to the position.

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August 30th, 1805:
John Jay returns to Washington D.C. to give full details of his discussions with Guerra and Bonaparte. Despite Napoleon not having been present at the meeting, Jay relays the messages of Napoleon's government and Hamilton is impressed. While the President in the past has not had much love for France, breaking the current alliance would disrupt international relations and the gains America has made so far.

September 23rd, 1805:
Andrew Jackson is sworn in as the 4th Governor of Tennessee.

October 17th, 1805:
The Corps of Discovery reaches the Great Falls of the Missouri River, indicating that they are right on track.

()

December 2nd, 1805:
On the first day of the session of the 9th Congress, several bills are submitted by Hamilton’s supporters for passage. Among them are the Whiskey Act, an act to put an excise taxes on liquor and other distilled drinks, the Hamilton Tariff, raising rates once again to 6%, the Industrial Bounties Act, investing revenues from tariffs and other taxes back into businesses, and the First Bank of the United States, creating a national bank in order to provide a strong backing for the growing economy, good credit for all, and a national stake in growing industry.

December 16th, 1805:
The Hamilton Tariff becomes the first piece of the President's legislation to pass both houses of Congress. However, the other three pieces of legislation are all much more controversial and debate will be drawn out through the beginning of next year.

January 3rd, 1806:
Senator John Quincy Adams (N-MA) introduces another piece to the “Hamilton Package” of bills being debated on the floors of both houses of Congress: The National Road, the first national highway, to cut from Maryland through Pennsylvania and Ohio and into the Indiana and Illinois territories. Immediately, its biggest opponents are not Southern Republicans but New England Nationals who fear the growth of the West at the expense of the North-East.

January 9th, 1806:
On the floor of the House, Hard-line Nationals, Radicals, and Republicans alike form a temporary alliance against the National Road. In a speech given by Caleb Ellis (N-NH-AL), he claims “This Act is merely an attempt to fund a project for the benefit of the West alone and against the interests of other states.” Meanwhile, Radical Republican Robert Marion (RR-SC-1) denounces it as “Another Nationalist attempt to levy taxes on an entire nation for the interests of a few states.”

January 15th, 1806:
The National Road passes the Senate thanks to National backing and some breakaway Republican votes from states like Ohio and Kentucky. However, it remains mired in debate in the House of Representatives. The rest of Hamilton’s agenda as well as still stalled.

February 4th, 1806:
After a month of debate, Speaker Nathaniel Macon at last is able to bring the National Road to a vote in the House. With the South and New England against it, it passes thanks to support from Western states (TN, KY, OH), and middle states (NY, PA, MD, DE, NJ). The Virginia delegation was split, and John Quincy Adams was able to bring some Massachusetts Representatives to vote Aye. Its passage is the second successful piece of legislation on Hamilton’s list.

February 5th, 1806:
With John Quincy Adams’ bill now out of the way, attention and debate instead focuses on the Industrial Bounties Act. Designed by Hamilton to fund a large amount of industrial growth in the middle states and the Great Lakes area, it is one of the more controversial plans proposed. With the heavily agricultural South already against it, he will need to hope that the West takes favor with it. He already has New England and the middle states backing it.

Meanwhile, President Hamilton gladly sits down at his desk to sign the National Road, passed late yesterday. He feels his agenda is on the right track.

February 17th, 1806:
In a relatively non-controversial vote, the Industrial Bounties Act passes the Senate, which is controlled by Nationals.

February 26th, 1806:
The President slams his desk as he hears news that the Whiskey Act has failed to pass the Senate. With all Western and Southern members voting against it as well as Pennsylvania’s two Senators, it was unable to garner enough votes. Hamilton had been planning on using the revenues from it to help finance many of his domestic projects.

March 4th, 1806:
In a stroke of good news for the President, the House at last passes the Industrial Bounties Act following a large amount of haggling with Western Representatives and moderate nationalist Republicans. Hamilton signs it into law that very day.

March 11th, 1806:
The Corps of Discovery at last reaches the Pacific Ocean. Nathan Boone, leader of the expedition, records the magnificent sight of the massive body of water.

()

March 17th, 1806
At last, Hamilton’s greatest and most significant plan is brought before the Senate for a final vote. The First Bank of the United States ties thanks to the “Nay” vote of a Pennsylvania National. Therefore, it is up to Vice President Bushrod Washington to determine the bill’s passage, and he votes “Aye” much to the uproar of his fellow Southerners.

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President of the Senate Bushrod Washington (N-VA)

April 8th, 1806:
In the House, the First Bank of the United States fails to pass by a comfortable margin thanks to mobilized and united Republican and Radical Republican forces.

April 21st, 1806:
The first session of the 9th Congress of the United States comes to a close. The most active Congress since the first term of John Adams, President Hamilton has seen both failure and success for his ambitious agenda. On one side, the Hamilton Tariff, National Road, and Industrial Bounties Act have passed. On the other hand, the Whiskey Act and First Bank of the United States have failed. It is clear Hamilton will need more support in Congress to advance his agenda further.

July 4th, 1806:
In his annual address, President Hamilton declares how proud he is of the progress made just in the first session of Congress. Three major bills crucial to his plan have been passed. However, there is work to be done and the President states that only with a strong economy can the United States become the nation it is "destined" to be.

September 9th, 1806:
Justice William Paterson of New Jersey dies from previously received injuries, leaving a spot on the court to be filled by a man of Hamilton’s choice.

()

September 12th, 1806:
Following Paterson’s funeral, Alexander Hamilton sits down to write a letter to former President Adams asking him to accept nomination to the Supreme Court.

September 17th, 1806:
While staring contentedly out his window at Peacefield and observing the fruits of his planting early in the Spring, former President Adams opens a letter from one of his successors and it surprised to read that Hamilton wishes him to accept nomination to the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Shocked and a bit flattered, he must decide and consults with Abigail later that evening.

()

September 23rd, 1806:
In a letter to President Hamilton, former President Adams accepts the nomination for appointment to the Supreme Court. Having been out of politics for well over nine years, the President feels he's recovered enough to again wade into the arena, this time as a Justice.

October 6th, 1806:
In a special session of the Senate, with quorum and presided over by Vice President Washington, John Adams is confirmed by a quick voice vote to replace the late Justice William Paterson.

October 9th, 1806:
Having ridden down from Massachusetts, former President John Adams is inaugurated as the next Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. "It is a strange thing," he says to his friend and Associate Justice John Marshal, "to take over for a man I myself appointed". In fact, fifty percent of the court is comprised of Adams appointments. Cushing, Marshall, and Chase were all put on the bench during his two terms.

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Balance of the Supreme Court
Chief Justice: William Cushing (MA) Serving since 1789
Associate Justice: John Marshall (VA) Serving since 1795
Associate Justice: John Adams (MA) Serving since 1806
Associate Justice: Samuel Chase (MD) Serving since 1793
Associate Justice: George Clinton (NY) Serving since 1799
Associate Justice: James Madison (VA) Serving since 1804

November 17th, 1806:
Led by Nathan Boone, the Corps of Discovery reaches St. Louis Missouri, having reached the Pacific Ocean and completed their mission. They bring with them extensive notes and drawings of the wild-life and landscape of the new territory.

December 1st, 1806:
The 9th Congress convenes for its second session.

December 15th, 1806:
An Act Prohibiting the Importation of Slaves is proposed by Senator Stephen R. Bradley (R-VT). It is favored by the President and many Northern Congressmen from either party. However, the South and West are likely to oppose it.

January 12th, 1807:
Following nearly a month of contentious debate in both houses of Congress, President Hamilton is proud to sign the Act Prohibiting the Importation of Slaves. It is to take effect January 1st, 1808.

February 10th, 1807:
The United States Coast Survey is established.

March 4th, 1807
The two year anniversary of the commencement of the Hamilton Presidency, it is also the day of the swearing-in of the 10th Congress. In a surprise, the Nationals have control over both houses of Congress. While the Nationals hold a clear majority in the Senate, their control over the House of Representatives was the result of deal making with Northern and Western Republicans. Senator Bradley's (R-VT) bill against the slave trade introduced late last year has pitted the Northern and Southern Republicans against each other.

While in 1803 and 1805, gains were made due to over-inflated Republican majorities from the height of Jefferson's popularity, these are biting into previously safe Republican seats that have been held since the 1795 and 1797 elections. Political scientists and historians will later credit the productiveness of the Hamilton administration as well as some of the most energetic congressional campaigns run, especially in Western swing states and in the states of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

Balance of Power in the Senate
President: Bushrod Washington (N-VA)
President Pro Tempore: Fisher Ames (N-MA)
Nationals: 21
Republicans: 15
Radical Republicans: 2

Balance of Power in the House of Representatives
Speaker: Joseph Lewis Jr. (N-VA-7)
Nationals: 70
Republicans: 66
Radical Republicans: 8

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President Pro Tempore of the Senate Fisher Ames (N-MA)

In the state of Ontario, Governor William Clark's second term as Governor draws to a close. He had decided to serve only one two terms and his replacement was elected in February. Now, Clark, a planter, explorer, soldier, and now apparently statesman, has set his eyes on the West.

June 17th, 1807:
A letter arrives at the office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay. It is from the French government and it states that "His highness, Emperor Bonaparte would like the audience of Mr. President Alexander Hamilton, sometime within the coming year." Secretary Jay is rushed via carriage to the White House to deliver the news. This has the potential to be one of the greatest meetings of national leaders in modern history. Hamilton, himself not the friendliest towards the French, nonetheless recognizes this letter's significance and has respect for Napoleon for helping to settle France following the bloody revolutionary days.

June 29th, 1807:
In a carefully drafted response, Secretary Jay writes, dictated mostly by Hamilton, that the President would welcome any opportunity to meet with Napoleon, whether on a visit to France's ally the United States, or vice versa.

July 4th, 1807:
In the President's annual address, delivered orally by Vice President Bushrod Washington, not much is to be said but for promises of continued success in the upcoming session of Congress.

August 3rd, 1807:
Representative Thomas Terry Davis (R-KY-2) dies at the age of 48 during a sweltering day in the heat. A special election is scheduled to fill his seat.

August 13th, 1807:
Jay's letter arrives in France and is read aloud to Napoleon, having ascended from the ranks of the French Coucillors and now taken the mantle of Emperor. Napoleon is pleased and orders the French Ambassador to America begin working in collusion with the American Department of Foreign Affairs to arrange a meeting, whether in Paris or in Washington D.C. in the coming year.

August 17th, 1807:
The Clemont becomes the first commercial steam boat. Designed by Robert Fulton, it was predicted by critics to be a failure. Nevertheless its first run has proven successful.

September 8th, 1807:
In a small provincial election, Fayette County Representative to the State Legislature Henry Clay, a National is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, replacing the late Thomas Terry Davis.

October 26th, 1807:
On the first day of the first session of the 10th Congress, an occurrence similar to one at the beginning of the 9th Congress takes place, with Nationalist legislators introducing legislation that is part of President Hamilton's legislative agenda. Among them are The First Bank of the United States--Hamilton's most ambitious project--and the Whiskey Act. As in the previous Congress, both acts and others will draw long and emotional debate from both sides and it will be a long time before either of them reach final votes in either House.

Being sworn in today is Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky, first elected in September to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Thomas Terry Davis. Clay, unlike most from his state, supports Hamilton's proposals and favors internal improvements. His largest difference between him and the majority of his party is his opposition to the National Bank.

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Representative Henry Clay, National of Kentucky's 2nd District

December 2nd, 1807:
The House passes the Whiskey Act, thanks in large part to the Nationals holding strong and winning the votes of a number of Republicans from planter districts, not beholden to constituencies of poorer farmers in the Western areas of their states.

December 9th, 1807:
The United States Senate at last passes The First Bank of the United States, marking a step forward for the President's agenda. However, must still pass in the House, where rumors abound of a potential floor vote soon. As well, the Whiskey Act passes, marking the first piece of major legislation passed by the 10th Congress.

December 11th, 1807:
In a surprise, the United States House of Representatives passes The First Bank of the United States. The passage was due to Speaker Lewis being able to win over the votes of some of the Northern Republicans who had originally supported him for Speaker in March. As well, an amendment was made ensuring that the president of the bank would be approved by Congress. The Radical Republicans and Republican faithful are devastated by the move. That very same day, a tired President Hamilton, awoken by the news, proudly signs off on the legislation.

January 1st, 1808:
The Act Prohibiting the Importation of Slaves is put into effect.

January 4th, 1808:
The President reveals his appointment for President of the First Bank of the United States. It is Postmaster General James Roosevelt. A longstanding member of the board of the Bank of New York, a former member of the New York State Assembly, and since 1805 the Postmaster General of the United States, Roosevelt is a pick that frightens many Southern Republicans.

January 11th, 1808:
James Roosevelt is confirmed President of the First Bank of the United States on a deal that to replace him, Hamilton would choose a Southerner or moderate Republican. Roosevelt accepts the position, leaving the spot of Postmaster General vacant, and allowing Congress to see whether or not Hamilton and the Nationals will stick to their end of the bargain.

February 3rd, 1808:
After having looked at a variety of options including former Governor of Ontario William Clark, Congressman Henry Clay, former War Secretary Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and others, Hamilton has made his decision as to whom to appoint Postmaster General. Senator Stephen R. Bradley of Vermont, an anti-slavery moderate Republican who has received flack from the Southern wing of his party, the much less partisan position of Postmaster General will suit him well.

February 10th, 1808:
Stephen R. Bradley is confirmed as United States Postmaster General, leaving his Senate seat vacant.

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February 11th, 1808:
The day after Bradley's confirmation, the leaders of the Republicans and the Radical Republicans sit down to discuss uniting. John Randolph is sick of Republican disunity and bleeding of Northern Representatives leading to passing of Hamilton's plans, and Macon is as well.

February 15th, 1808:
On the floor of the House, the Republicans and the Radicals unite officially under the banner of the Republicans, and with their new majority call for a new vote for Speaker. In the chaos of the ensuing session, Nathaniel Macon is elected Speaker, ousting Joseph Lewis Jr.

Macon: 73 votes
Lewis: 69 votes

March 26th, 1808:
The Republican Caucus takes place, held in the chambers of the Senate. Among the contenders are former Attorney General James Monroe of Virginia, former Vice President Aaron Burr of New York, and the new Speaker, Nathaniel Macon. With joy at the re-uniting of the Radicals and the Regular Republicans and enthusiasm after taking the House of Representatives, Macon is nominated. In order to help win back Northern Republicans, the Burrr, Clinton, and Bradley factions, New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton is nominated for Vice President.

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Nathaniel Macon, Speaker of the House and Republican nominee for President

April 22nd, 1808:
At the Nationalist Caucus, held in New York City, President Hamilton is unanimously re-nominated for President while Bushrod Washington is for Vice President. Following several legislative victories over the past three years and an economy that is slowly beginning to industrialize and improve, the Nationals have much to hope for.

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However, President Hamilton has little time for campaigning--and the practice is still unfashionable for Presidential candidates--for he has to prepare for Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France's visit to the United States, coming in June.

April 25th, 1808:
The last day of the first session of the 10th Congress. It hasn't been nearly as productive as the 9th Congress, but Hamilton has seen the remaining pieces of his agenda passed.

May 1st, 1808:
Following a magnificent Sunday mass in Paris, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France departs for America. This trip has been the result of nearly a year of diplomatic work between his foreign policy team and John Jay's Department of External Affairs.

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June 15th, 1808:
In a large welcoming ceremony in New York City, Napoleon Bonaparte disembarks onto American soil. He is greeted by New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton, New York Governor George Clinton, and President Alexander Hamilton. Bonaparte's visit in America will last into July and include a tour of the nation's capitol many miles to the South. Inside Federal Hall--formerly the capitol building of the United States, the leaders of the two allied nations converse for the first time through the use of translators. They discuss thoughts on government, the nation's two counterpart revolutions, and foreign policy.

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July 1st, 1808:
Bonaparte and his entourage arrive in Wasington D.C. with President Hamilton. Following his glorious entrance to the city, he meets with former President Jefferson, the man who helped forge the Trenioin Pact which binds American and France together. Former President and Associate Justice Adams refused to meet with Bonaparte. In private, he accuses Hamilton "of betraying his own imperialistic ambitions by allying himself with the Emperor himself." He also notes that one of the greatest opponents of the French Revolution two decades earlier now is the first President to meet with him.

July 4th, 1808:
The President's annual address is little more than one of the most publicized and enthusiastic campaign stops in history. For the first time, President Hamilton himself delivers the address, outside, in front of not only the Congress, but citizens and officials. Standing with Speaker Macon and Vice President Washington behind him and Emperior Bonaparte on his right, he speaks mostly of the valuable alliance America shares with Spain and, more importantly, France, and of the success America has seen since the years following the end of the War of 1799. With Nationals united behind their popular President and moderate Republicans glad to see Bonaparte himself in the United States, several see the President as a shoo-in for re-election.

Among those attending the annual address are the Supreme Court Justices. Included in them are former President Adams and his friend John Marshall. "Consider this", mutters Adams, "We both knew him when he was an upstart Senator from New York. And now he's the President of the United States." Marshall knows of what he speaks of. Hamilton was ever a fan of creating intrigue against political enemies. Now however, he appears as one of the greatest modern American statesmen.

November 7th, 1808:
The second session of the 10th Congress convenes with Nathaniel Macon still as its Speaker.

November 11th, 1808:
The final states using popular vote to determine how their electors shall cast their ballots cease voting today.

December 7th, 1808:
With electors meeting in their respective state capitols and all states using a popular vote system having already voted, the tally for President is finalized. While the results will not be known to many until early 1807, the results have been set.

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President Alexander Hamilton [National-New York]/Vice President Bushrod Washington [National-Virginia] 118 electoral votes
Speaker Nathaniel Macon [Republican-North Carolina]/Mayor DeWitt Clinton [Republican-New York] 58 electoral votes

December 22nd, 1808:
At a victory celebration in Washington D.C., Foreign Affairs Secretary John Jay informs President Hamilton that he will be resigning as of March 4th, 1809, or as soon as an able replacement is found.

December 26th, 1808:
Opening up his post for the morning, Senator John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts finds a letter from President Hamilton asking him to allow for his appointment to the position of Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Adams, having foregone re-election due to his fatigue with dealing not only with other Senators but his constituents who disapprove of his pro-Western policies that seem to go against the interests of New England, is willing to accept a position he's much more open to. The Senator immediately sits down to write his reply.

January 2nd, 1809:
President Alexander Hamilton appoints Senator John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts to replace outgoing Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay.

January 6th, 1809:
With the Senate well under Nationalist control, it is able to confirm John Quincy within a week. Upon hearing the confirmation, John Jay immediately resigns and later that same day, John Quincy Adams is sworn in.

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February 11th, 1809:
Robert Fulton patents the steamboat.

March 1st, 1809:
The Illinois Territory is organized from a portion of the Indiana Territory.

March 4th, 1809:
President Alexander Hamilton and Vice President Bushrod Washington are sworn in to their second term. Hamilton has accomplished much in his first four years, having passed every piece of his domestic agenda. His re-election has made Hamilton as ambitious as ever and he has grand plans for his second term.

Also today, the 11th Congress is sworn in. While Nationalists still retain control of the Senate, by a good margin in fact, Republicans have made gains in the House of Representatives.

Balance of Power in the Senate
President: Bushrod Washington (N-VA)
President Pro Tempore: James Ross (N-PA)
Nationals: 22
Republicans: 16

Balance of Power in the House
Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (R-MA-9)
Republicans: 77
Nationals: 69

President Hamilton's cabinet for his second term has so far had two changes.
Secretary of Foreign Affairs: John Quincy Adams (N-MA)
Secretary of the Treasury: Oliver Wolcott Jr. (N-CT)
Secretary of War: William Henry Harrison (N-IN)
Attorney General: Elbridge Gerry (N-MA)
Secretary of the Navy: Thomas Truxton (N-PA)
Postmaster General: Stephen R. Bradly (R-VT)

All lists up to date as of March 4th, 1809

List of Presidents of the United States
1. John Adams (Massachusetts) April 30th, 1789-March 4th, 1797
2. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-Virginia) March 4th, 1797-March 4th, 1805
3. Alexander Hamilton (National-New York) March 4th, 1805-Present

List of Vice Presidents of the United States
1. John Rutledge (South Carolina) March 4th, 1789-March 4th, 1793
2. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-South Carolina) March 4th, 1793-March 4th, 1797
3. Samuel Adams (Republican-Massachusetts) March 4th, 1797-March 4th, 1801
4. Aaron Burr (Republican-New York) March 4th, 1801-March 4th, 1805
5. Bushrod Washington (National-Virginia) March 4th, 1805-Present

List of United States Secretaries of Foreign Affairs
1. John Jay (None, National-New York) July 27th, 1789-February 10th, 1796
2. Patrick Henry (Republican-Virginia) February 25th, 1796-March 4th, 1797
3. James Madison (Republican-Virginia) May 3rd, 1797-February 3rd, 1804
4. William Short (Republican-Virginia) February 13th, 1804-March 4th, 1805
5. John Jay (National-New York) March 4th, 1805-January 6th, 1809
6. John Quincy Adams (National-Massachusetts) January 6th, 1809-Present

List of United States Secretaries of the Treasury
1. Samuel Osgood (None-New York) September 11th, 1789-April 11th, 1792
2. Alexander Hamilton (None, National-New York) May 10th, 1792-March 4th, 1797
3. Albert Gallatin (Republican-Pennsylvania) June 8th, 1797-March 4th, 1805
4. Oliver Wolcott Jr. (National-Connecticut) March 25th, 1805-Present

List of United States Secretaries of War
1. Henry Knox (None-Massachusetts) September 12th, 1789-December 31st, 1794
2. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (National-South Carolina) January 3rd, 1795-March 4th, 1797
3. Henry Dearborn (Republican-Massachusetts) April 12th, 1797-March 4th, 1805
4. William Henry Harrison (National-Indiana Territory) March 4th, 1805-Present

List of United States Attorneys General
1. John Marshall (None, National-Virginia) September 24th, 1789-November 19th, 1795
2. Fisher Ames (National-Massachusetts) December 11th, 1795-March 4th, 1797
3. George Clinton (Republican-New York) May 27th, 1797-December 6th, 1799
4. James Monroe (Republican-Virginia) December 19th, 1799-March 4th, 1805
5. Elbridge Gerry (National-Massachusetts) March 4th, 1805-Present

List of United States Postmasters General
1. Cotton Tufts (None-Massachusetts) September 26th, 1789-June 27th, 1794
2. William Johnston Dawson (Republican-North Carolina) June 27th, 1794-January 16th, 1796
3. James Monroe (Republican-Virginia) January 23rd, 1796-May 19th, 1800
4. John Breckenridge (Republican-Kentucky) May 19th, 1800-March 4th, 1805
5. James Roosevelt (National-New York) March 4th, 1805-January 11th, 1808
6. Stephen R. Bradley (Republican-Vermont) February 10th, 1808-Present

List of United States Secretaries of the Navy
1. George Cabot (National-Massachusetts) February 5th, 1794-March 4th, 1797
2. John Quincy Adams (National-Massachusetts) July 3rd, 1797-January 1st, 1802
3. Thomas Truxton (National-Pennsylvnia) January 1st, 1802-Present

List of Speakers of the House of Representatives
1. Frederick Muhlenberg (Pro-Administration-Pennsylvania-At Large) March 4th, 1789-March 4th, 1791
2. Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (Pro-Administration-Connecticut-4th) March 4th, 1791-March 4th, 1795
3. Frederick Muhlenberg (Anti-Administration, Republican-Pennsylvania-At Large) March 4th, 1795-Marrch 4th, 1797
4. Nathaniel Macon (Republican-North Carolina-5th, 6th) March 4th, 1797-March 4th, 1807
5. James Lewis Jr. (National-Virginia-7th) March 4th, 1807-February 15th, 1808
6. Nathaniel Macon (Republican-North Carolina-6th) February 15th, 1808-March 4th, 1809
7. Joseph Bradley Varnum (Republican-Massachusetts-9th) March 4th, 1809-Present

May 22nd, 1809:
The first session of the 11th Congress opens in the District of Columbia. While no bills are submitted that day, in the upcoming month-long session a number of bills will be introduced

May 24th, 1809:
The Act of Fortification of the American West, co-authored in the House of Representatives by Henry Clay (N-KY-2) and Meriwether Lewis (R-VA-5), is introduced. It mandates the creation of American military forts--regularly habitated and kept in order--along the Mississippi River. As well, it fortifies other key areas of the American West including the America's North-Western border and New Orleans. As with previous pieces of pro-Western legislation, its main opponents are staunch New England Nationals and Republican penny-pinchers--mostly located in Southern coastal states such as Virginia and North Carolina.

May 29th, 1809:
Senator Gouverneur Morris (N-NY) introduces the Act of Financial Stability and Centralization, putting the United States Mint under control of the National Bank and also securing the position of Bank President by making it illegal for the U.S. President to replace the President of the National Bank unless the bank's executive resigns, dies, or is impeached. Immediately attacked by Republicans in both the House and the Senate as "The realization of Hamilton's dream of a society and economy controlled by Northern bankers", the act is seen as too radical even for many loyal Nationals.

June 1st, 1809:
In order to win the support of a few New England representatives, the Act of Fortification of the American West is amended to include the funding of forts along the St. Lawrence River to protect against British military strength in Canada.

June 5th, 1809:
In a fit of anger, President Hamilton orders Senate President Pro Tempore James Ross out of his office following Ross' insistence that passage of Morris' Act of Financial Stability and Centralization is near impossible.

June 11th, 1809:
In the House of Representatives, the Act of Fortification of the American West passes with Representatives from Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Ontario, and Quebec all steadfastly supporting it as well as a smattering of representatives from larger states. On the same day, the House strikes down the Act of Financial Stability and Centralization by a large margin.

June 13th, 1809:
Following in the footsteps of the House, the Senate as well passes the Act of Fortification of the American West, also known as the Clay-Lewis Act. On that same day, President Hamilton, a supporter of building up America, even in Western states, proudly signs the act.

June 19th, 1809:
The Act of Allied Commerce, proposed by Senator William Short (R-VA), lowers tariffs to only three percent on goods from Virginia and Spain. Short, a former Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Ambassador, is attempting to strengthen the alliance he first helped forge.

July 3rd, 1809:
Senator Short's Act of Allied Commerce is still in debate as the first session of the 11th Congress comes to a close. Tomorrow is its last day and it is only in the morning and reserved for the President's address to Congress.

July 4th, 1809:
In the President's address to Congress, a firm stand against what are called "Anti-American attempts to destroy United States commerce", is taken. It is seen as a clear rub on the Act of Allied Commerce.

January 15th, 1810:
Senator James Turner of North Carolina proposes the Tariff of 1810, lowering tariffs from their 1805 high of 6% to instead 3%. With Hamilton's main focus, economically, being on encouraging industrial growth and with this bill benefiting farmers mostly, it is likely to cause yet another moment of friction between the White House and Congress.

January 23rd, 1810:
In the Senate the Tariff of 1810 is amended so as to lower it to four percent instead of three.

January 29th, 1810:
The Senate passes the amended Tariff of 1810, while it remains in debate in the House.

February 5th, 1810:
Following debate between moderates and the radicals that demand the original number of three percent, the House finally passes the amended Tariff of 1810.

February 6th, 1810:
President Hamilton once again exercises veto power in killing the proposed Tariff of 1810, once again angering Republicans of almost every stripe. However, the House declines to attempt to over ride Hamilton's veto this time, realizing its futility.

April 26th, 1810:
New York City Mayor and 1808 Republican Vice Presidential candidate DeWitt Clinton is elected Governor of New York.

May 1st, 1810:
The second session of the 11th Congress comes to a close.

July 1st, 1810:
DeWitt Clinton is inaugurated as the 5th Governor of New York. The first was his uncle, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court George Clinton.

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July 4th, 1810:
In front of Congress, Senate President Bushrod Washington reads the President's annual address. It is a short one and refers vaguely to a vision of America as a strong and powerful nation. The President is obviously weary from months of disagreements with Congress.

July 20th, 1810:
Colombia proclaims its independence from Spain.

September 13th, 1810:
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States William Cushing dies in his home town of Scituate, Massachusetts, leaving the position empty. Cushing was the very first man appointed to the Supreme Court and the very first Chief Justice, having assumed both positions in 1789 under the Presidency of John Adams.

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Chief Justice William Cushing (March 1st, 1732-September 13th, 1810)

September 23rd, 1810:
West Florida declares its independence from Spain and renames itself the Republic of West Florida. Spain, still unhappy due to its failing presence in the Americas (the recent declared independence of Colombia an example) does not plan on letting this sit.

October 27th, 1810:
The United States, led by Tennessee General Andrew Jackson, annexes West Florida. This is following exactly ninety days of the existence of the Republic of West Florida. With the Spanish having asked for help, this is not what they expected. Andrew Jackson is instated as the Military Governor of West Florida, instating himself at the capitol in St. Francisville and replacing Governor Fulwar Skipwith.

November 12th, 1810:
Spanish troops, what little presence they have in Florida, stage a daring attack on the headquarters of General Jackson in West Florida. Despite having the advantage of surprise and the cover of nightfall, they are beaten back easily and it becomes part of folk legend that Jackson himself shot a number of the fleeing troops.

December 3rd, 1810:
Upon the opening of the third and final session of the 11th Congress, President Hamilton submits his two appointments to the Supreme Court. John Marshall shall be made Chief Justice while former United States Senator Rufus King shall fill the vacant seat on the bench.

December 6th, 1810:
Both Marshall and King are easily confirmed to their respective positions. John Marshall is now the second Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

()
Chief Justice John Marshall of Virginia

*While Adams maintained no party affiliation either during his presidency nor his time on the bench, a majority of his votes were interpreted as National-leaning

December 19th, 1810:
While in Spain at a holiday dinner with members of the diplomatic corps, news reaches American Ambassador Charles Pinckney (and the Spanish government as well) that America has annexed Western Florida.

December 27th, 1810:
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France announces his public support of America in its annexation of West Florida. It is a diplomatic attempt to take advantage of the rift in the Trenion Pact and potentially use it to win the favor of the United States in a hypothetical takeover of Spain.

January 14th, 1811:
"Well, my colleagues, as it seems the spirit of the moment is 'out with the old, in with the new' and I myself have grown tired in my old age, I will now be leaving you." Associate Justice of the Supreme Court John Adams resigns, leaving his position as well vacant.

January 21st, 1811:
President Hamilton submits his new appointee to the Supreme Court, United States Attorney General Elbridge Gerry.

February 7th, 1811:
Elbridge Gerry is confirmed as the newest Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. He leaves his position as Attorney General to take up that role.

()
Associate Justice Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts

Balance of the Supreme Court
Chief Justice: John Marshall (VA) Serving since 1795, as Chief Justice since 1810
Associate Justice: Rufus King (NY) Serving since 1810
Associate Justice: Elbridge Gerry (MA) Serving since 1811
Associate Justice: Samuel Chase (MD) Serving since 1793
Associate Justice: George Clinton (NY) Serving since 1799
Associate Justice: James Madison (VA) Serving since 1804

February 18th, 1811:
As a replacement for Elbridge Gerry, Pennsylvania Attorney General and former U.S. District Attorney for Philadelphia Jared Ingersole is confirmed as the next United States Attorney General.

()

March 4th, 1811:
The 12th Congress of the United States begins. Republicans once again hold a majority in both the Senate and the House, having made gains due to the unpopularity of a number of Hamilton's vetoes as well as legislation associate with him. Among the new Senators is James Monroe (R-VA), a Jefferson protégé and former cabinet member.

Balance of Power in the Senate:
President: Bushrod Washington (N-VA)
President Pro Tempore: John Gaillard (R-SC)
Republicans: 20
Nationals: 18

Balance of Power in the House of Representatives:
Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (R-MA-4)
Republicans: 80
Nationals: 66

March 12th, 1811:
In answering a plea from Spain for assistance against the United States and France, King George of Great Britain, with a solidly Torie Parliament in agreement, agrees to oppose the United States. As with France's decision, it is a political one and Britain hopes to deal a blow against the United States and against France.

May 8th, 1811:
Fort Vanguard, a United States fort in American Quebec that overlooks the Atlantic Ocean and the St. Lawrence River, is fired upon by a British ship. Meanwhile, tensions have escalated into conflict on the other side of the Atlantic.

May 17th, 1811:
Having heard news of Britain's hostilities to the North, Spain's hostilities to the South, and Europe's actions to the East, President Hamilton orders the mobilization of America's forces. Aiding General Stephen Van Renssalear in the North will be General William Clark who has been serving as Governor of the Illinois Territory. In the South, General Jackson is to receive orders to hold West Florida and to begin to occupy the main part of Spanish Florida. Frigates from America's Navy are to aid ground forces in both locations.

May 19th, 1811:
Twelve Republican Congressmen still in Washington attempt to protest the President's move. However, it will take either the Speaker or the Senate President to call Congress into session.

June 1st, 1811:
Finally, in order to avoid a constitutional challenge, President Hamilton agrees to call Congress into session, scheduled for June 11th.

June 10th, 1811:
American marines meet the Spanish for the first time in the Battle of St. Augustine. Meanwhile, General Jackson is blazing a trail through Florida's panhandle.

June 11th, 1811:
Congress comes into session. Anti-war Republicans, expecting a victory, are surprised to see Speaker Varnum toppled. Instead, a coalition of young and freshmen representatives from both parties, such as John C. Calhoun (R-SC-6), elect Henry Clay, one of the "warhawks" to the Speakership under a new "War Coalition". That very day, they pass a Declaration of War.

()
New Speaker of the House Henry Clay (N-KY-2), head of the "Warhawks" Coalition

June 13th, 1811:
After only two days of deliberation, the Senate falls in line with the House and grants the President a Declaration of War, which Hamilton accepts. What historians will refer to by various names, including the War of 1811, St. Lawrence's War, and the West Florida War, has begun.

June 14th, 1811:
"While not wishing to abandon my post in a time of need, I fear I am too old and too ill-equipped to deal with the impending crisis that this nation will have to face. Therefore, I am resigning to see that a younger and more able set of hands can guide this nation's navy to victory." Thomas Truxton, Secretary of the Navy, will resign upon confirmation of a successor.

Hamilton as well faces another resignation as Postmaster-General Stephen R. Bradley, a Republican, resigns in protest of "The President's vigorous pursuit of policies that are both in opposition to trade and wholeheartedly in support of war."

June 15th, 1811:
With General Jackson's troops arriving, siege is laid to St. Augustine.

June 19th, 1811:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Samuel Chase of Maryland dies of a heart attack.

June 20th, 1811:
Governor Juan José de Estrada of East Florida surrenders and General Jackson proclaims victory. Many of the Spanish troops, having heard of the alliance of the British, are disappointed. Spain's presence is weak in the area and instead of helping their ally, the British are instead focused on waging war in the North, along the American-Canadian border. The Battle of St. Augustine is over.

()

June 21st, 1811:
Paul Fearing, a former Nationalist Senator from Ontario, is confirmed by the Senate to replace the recently resigned Stephen R. Bradley at the position of Postmaster-General.

June 25th, 1811:
President Hamilton's replacement for Thomas Truxton, John Brooks, is quickly confirmed by the War Coalition in the Senate.

()

July 4th, 1811:
The Presidential Address is little more than a celebratory toast to the war effort. Meanwhile, President Hamilton's appointment to the Supreme Court, Treasury Secretary Oliver Wolcott Jr., is confirmed easily. To the North, American ships are engaging the famed British Navy in a naval battle off the coast of Canada.

July 17th, 1811:
Gouverneur Morris, a Nationalist Senator from New York, is confirmed to replace Oliver Wolcott Jr. as the Secretary of the Treasury. In the words of historian David McCullough "In the aftermath of the takeover of the War Coalition, Hamilton was able to pass a number of other-wise controversial appointments in haste due to Congress' willingness to obey the President in the name of national unity during wartime."

August 5th, 1811:
British regulars cross the St. Lawrence River from Montreal into American Quebec. General Stephen Van Renssalaer, who has been camped nearby for the past few months, readies his troops to attack, beginning the Battle of Saint Hubert, a town on the American side of the river.

August 8th, 1811:
In the Battle of Tocobaga, General Andrew Jackson routs some of the last Spanish troops from Florida. America has little to fear in the acquisition of the vast Peninsula. Rather, danger lies to the North with Spain’s ally Great Britain.

()

August 17th, 1811:
Under pressure from Republicans such as John C. Calhoun to include more Republicans in the cabinet, and at the same time under pressure from his own party to put more Nationalist generals on the front-lines, President Alexander Hamilton calls General William Clark home from his station in American Ontario to assume the position of Secretary of War. Replacing Clark in the North-West will be current Secretary of War William Henry Harrison.

August 19th, 1811:
The Battle of Saint Hubert ends with incredible casualties on both sides. Americans claim victory but have lost more than even their British opponents.

August 29th, 1811:
While Harrison is assuming command of troops in Ontario, William Clark arrives in D.C. to face a short confirmation hearing as par for the course of his assumption of the office of Secretary of War.

August 30th, 1811:
William Clark is sworn in as the nation’s 5th Secretary of War.

September 3rd, 1811:
Off the coast of Florida’s tip, miles from a Spanish mission called Santa Maria, American Naval Commander Oliver Hazard Perry defeats Spanish ships attempting to send reinforcements from the Caribbean. The one naval battle to take place between America and Spain is a victory for the United States.

October 7th, 1811:
William Henry Harrison completes a sweeping attack on British frontier forts in Rupert’s Land, giving the United States fragile control over the Canadian North-West. However, in the East, the war fails to go as well as American troops are facing heavy new British regulars.

December 25th, 1811:
As the nation celebrates Christ’s birth, the war against Britain and Spain appears to be shaping up nicely. America holds control over the Canadian frontier and over Florida. Meanwhile, U.S. troops are holding ground against British regulars in British Quebec.

January 1st, 1812:
Former Justice and President John Adams, after years of having been estranged from his friend turned opponent Thomas Jefferson, sends a warm note to his successor in the Presidency, rekindling a long and plentiful correspondence between the two.

February 13th, 1812:
British troops cross the St. Lawrence’s River into American Quebec, killing American general and Hamilton friend Stephen Van Rensselear. However, the British are held from continuing little more than a few miles into the American interior by a young Lieutenant Colonel Winfield Scott.

February 17th, 1812:
Stephen Van Rensselear, philanthropist, Governor of both New York and Quebec, and American war hero, is laid to rest at a family plot in Albany Rural Cemetery. President Alexander Hamilton, himself a former New York Governor and Rensselear’s successor in the office as well as his commander-in-chief during the war, is in attendance.

April 20th, 1812:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court George Clinton, a Jefferson appointee, dies of a heart attack. He has been a prominent American statesman for decades. This leaves James Madison the only Republican on the bench.

April 30th, 1812:
Louisiana is admitted as the 20th state in the United States of America.

May 2nd, 1812:
Bowing to regionalist and sectionalist concerns, President Hamilton appoints his first Southerner (not counting Marshall) to the bench, Vice President Bushrod Washington, to replace the late George Clinton.

May 13th, 1812:
Bushrod Washington is confirmed to the Supreme Court, making the position of Vice President vacant. Many wonder what will happen with the first ever vacancy of the Vice Presidency, but the President has plans for that.

Balance of the Supreme Court
Chief Justice: John Marshall (VA) Since 1810, on bench since 1795
Associate Justice: Rufus King (NY) Since 1810
Associate Justice: Elbridge Gerry (MA) Since 1811
Associate Justice: Oliver Wolcott Jr. (CT) since 1811
Associate Justice: Bushrod Washington (VA) since 1812
Associate Justice: James Madison (VA) since 1804

June 8th, 1812:
The Republican Caucus nominates Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York for President and Senator James Turner of North Carolina for Vice President. Pro-war Republicans storm out of the convention as Clinton has taken a strongly anti-war stance.

()

June 16th, 1812:
What is historically referred to as the 1812 National-Republican Caucus opens. It is headed by a group of pro-war Republicans pledging their loyalty to the President and to the current Congressional coalition. Also in attendance, as a sign of unity, are the Nationals House Speaker Henry Clay, Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Adams, and Secretary of War William Henry Harrison. The caucus nominates President Alexander Hamilton of New York for President and Senator James Monroe of Virginia for Vice President.

()()

June 25th, 1812:
“As in the nomination of secretaries to cabinet posts, the role of confirming a candidate for the Vice Presidency in the case of a vacancy shall be left to the Senate” claims President Hamilton in an address to the Senate (read by President Pro Tempore John Gaillard), setting an important precedent that many in years to come will dispute. As well, his nomination for Vice President is, in the character of the National-Republican campaign, a uniting one. Former War Secretary and national hero Henry Dearborn, a Republican who headed the nation’s military during the War of 1799, has reluctantly accepted nomination to the Vice Presidency under the condition that he never be called on to defend the administration or stand for re-election.

July 4th, 1812:
While in New York City and the District of Columbia, fires and festivities celebrate the day, to the nation’s North, cannonfire mark America’s Independence Day as Oliver Perry successfully retreats from British ships off the coast of Quebec.

July 6th, 1812:
With many Senators rising in protest to the President’s “unconstitutional decree”, former War Secretary Henry Dearborn of Massachusetts is only narrowly confirmed as the nation’s 6th Vice President on the last day of the Congress’s session.

()
Henry Dearborn (R-MA), Vice President of the United States of America

July 7th, 1812:
At the National Party Caucus, honoring the decision of the National Republican Caucus three weeks earlier, Hamilton and Monroe are nominated for President and Vice President respectively. The only opposition comes from a small group of New England Nationals, the same type of politician that voiced opposition to the War of 1799 just over a decade before.

July 23rd, 1812:
At a meeting of the Tennessee State Senate, a bold lone senator announces his support instead for a ticket of Florida Military Governor Andrew Jackson and War Secretary William Clark. With both being western Republican war heroes, and Jackson being the former Governor of Tennessee, the ticket is quite attractive to many in the meeting. It will achieve ballot access alongside the two major party tickets in the election.

September 1st, 1812:
The 1812 Dissident National Caucus, a group of anti-war New England Nationals, convenes and nominates the Republican candidate, Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York. For Vice President, Connecticut Supreme Court Justice and former U.S. Representative Nathaniel Smith is nominated.

October 30th, 1812:
In the state of Ohio, results show a clear majority victory for President Alexander Hamilton and Senator James Monroe. Ohio, a state which voted for Burr in 1804 and two-thirds for Hamilton in 1808, is the first sign of what Nationals and National-Republicans are hoping is a land-slide victory. Pennsylvania as well is an easy victory for the President.

November 1st, 1812:
In Tennessee, with voters dis-satisfied with the candidacies of the pro-bank Alexander Hamilton and the anti-war DeWitt Clinton, the third party ticket of generals Jackson and Clark wins the state, despite neither of the two nominees having in anyway indicated their candidacy. Meanwhile, in Virginia, the home state of Vice Presidential candidate James Monroe, the joint National-Republican ticket wins a clear majority.

November 3rd, 1812:
On a date with many states voting, yet another western states goes “rogue” as the Louisiana State Senate elects three electors pledge to Andrew Jackson and William Clark. Meanwhile in Rhode Island, the anti-war campaign of DeWitt Clinton has caught on as Rhode Island, a moderate state that uses the popular vote system and has many merchants in it who rely on trade with the British for their livelihood, votes for the Republican ticket.

November 21st, 1812:
North Carolina, the last state to vote, votes for DeWitt Clinton who shares a ticket with Senator James Turner of that very state.

February 13th, 1815:
James Monroe of Virginia is sworn in as the 4th President of the United States of America. Officially, he has been President since the 10th, however, with the rate that it takes news to reach one end of the country from the other, there was no way to know of President Hamilton's untimely demise. The last two years had worn on Hamilton and a combination of military defeat and stalemate with Congress had destroyed his Presidency.

()
James Monroe
Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from Virginia (November 3rd, 1783-November 7th, 1786
Congressman from Virginia's 5th Congressional District (March 4th, 1793-January 23rd, 1796)
3rd United States Postmaster General (January 23rd, 1796-May 19th, 1800)
4th United States Attorney General (December 19th, 1799-March 4th, 1805)
15th Governor of Virginia (December 1st, 1808-December 15th, 1811)
United States Senator from Virginia (March 4th, 1811-February 12th, 1813)
7th Vice President of the United States (March 4th, 1813-February 10th, 1815)
4th President of the United States of America (February 10th, 1815-Present)

Immediately, with the nation in the midst of war, Monroe makes clear that he is now the President despite arguments in the cabinet over whether he is only the acting President or not.

President Hamilton swept into his third term with a sympathetic Congress and a popular war after having vanquished his rival New York Governor DeWitt Clinton. In his address to the crowd on March 4th, he proclaimed "The steady march of American freedom, eventually to all corners of the American continent, driven by a strong and robust economy." However it was not to be.

Quote

Balance of the Senate - March 4th, 1813
President of the Senate: James Monroe (R-VA)
President Pro Tempore: Gouverneur Morris (N-NY)
Nationals: 23
Republicans: 17

Balance of the House - March 4th, 1813
Speaker of the House: Henry Clay (N-KY-2)
Nationals: 102
Republicans: 93

While at the date of his inauguration the war was going well and the United States had near completely secured Florida, in Canada, the situation devolved over the course of the next three years. With Napoleon's war in Europe failing, England was able to divert resources to the war in North America. With America's army facing Britain's one-on-one (Negotiations with Spain took place in late 1813, with Spain giving up Florida) a string of American losses began to take place. By late 1814, support for the war had completely deteriorated. Henry Clay's National-Republican War Coalition had deteriorated and he was voted out of the Speakership at the opening of Congress' new session on September 19th and replaced by Connecticut Representative, Calvin Goddard (N-CT-AL) as part of an anti-war coalition. As the new year began and Nationals were preparing to take immense losses, President Hamilton sought a new course in the war. Speaking before Congress, he proclaimed "In these times of crisis, as our indispensable union faces a threat from across the Atlantic, our nation needs a strong military push at the Northern front." With that, President Hamilton, who served in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1799, vowed to ride out and lead America's troops, then camped on the American side of the St. Lawrence River, facing the threat of British troops possibly crossing onto American territory. It was an act of desperation and an effort to raise troop morale and deliver a victory to the American side. At the second Battle of Montreal, President Hamilton, riding out in front, found himself shot multiple times in the crouse of the battle, collapsing off his horse. Dragged to a small tent behind battle lines, America's third and longest serving President died.

()
Alexander Hamilton (January 11th, 1755-December 10th, 1815
Delegate to the Congress of Confederation from New York (1782-1783)
Delegate to the Annapolis Convention from New York (1786)
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from New York (1787)
Member of the New York State Legislature from New York County (1787-1788)
Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from New York (1788-1789)
United States Senator from New York (March 4th, 1791-May 10th, 1792)
2nd United States Secretary of the Treasury (May 10th, 1792-March 4th, 1797)
3rd Governor of New York (July 1st, 1798-July 1st, 1804)
3rd President of the United States of America (March 4th, 1805-February 10th, 1815)

February 14th, 1815:
The funeral for President Alexander Hamilton is held in New York City, New York. The nation's second Treasury Secretary, third President, the two-term Governor of New York, and one of the architects of the constitution, he is the first American President to pass despite being the youngest. He is buried in Trinity Cemetery Churchyard in Manhattan. Politicians from Albany are gathered there, as well as any number of contemporaries that were available to attend. Aaron Burr, the nation's former Vice President, however refuses to attend, having never forgiven his old rival Hamilton.

March 4th, 1815:
The 14th United States Congress convenes for the first time. With Nationals having taken large losses, Speaker Goddard is thrown out--even by the anti-war Republicans who elected him--in favor the anti-war freshman Representative Samuel S. Conner. Conner, in speaking to the House, proclaims "I fought in both the War of 1799 and the war we are currently embroiled in. I have seen the horrors of these conflicts. I have seen some of the best men to have served in our nation's army be shot down by the British in the name of this war of imperialism. I say now it is time to end this."

Balance of power in the Senate
President: vacant
President Pro Tempore: Joseph B. Varnum (R-MA)
Republicans: 21
Nationals: 19

Balance of power in the House
Speaker: Samuel S. Conner (R-MA-19)
Republicans: 110
Nationals: 81

On the same day, President Monroe speaks before both houses of Congress on the issue of the war, proclaiming that ambassadors for peace will be appointed, but until the war is settled, the United States will be fighting at full force. As well, he claims that in the tradition of Hamilton, he too will appoint a Vice President with approval of the Senate. President Pro Tempore Varnum and Speaker Conner agree to extend the session so as to confirm the appointments of peace ministers and a Vice President.

March 9th, 1815:
President Monroe unveils a four-person slate of peace ministers to meet with the British and settle the war. The delegation is bi-partisan, composed of former War Secretary Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and Representative Calvin Goddard, both Nationals, and former Secretary of Foreign Affairs William Short and former Ambassador to France Robert Livingston.

March 11th, 1815:
After two days of discussion, all four of President Monroe's peace ministers are confirmed by the Senate. A letter from Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Quincy Adams is prepared to send to England preceding the peace ministers. The delegation will be departing in April.

March 17th, 1815:
After over a month since his inauguration, President Monroe announces his appointment for Vice President. Senator William H. Crawford of Georgia, a Republican who supported the war effort and is loyal to Monroe's faction of the party, is his choice for the nation's next Vice President.

March 20th, 1815:
Freshamn Senator Jeremiah B. Howell (R-RI) questions nominee Crawford over his past support for the war. "Senator Crawford, you maintained unquestioning support for the war our nation is currently embroiled in over the last years. Now, when this nation faces a crisis of unbridled significance and a member of your own party faction holds the Presidency and has capitulated to calls for peace talks, you expect us to put close to power another war hawk?" While Crawford will be confirmed within a week, questions such as Howell's are raised during the hearings, and the young Rhode Island Senator has made a name for himself.

March 25th, 1815:
William H. Crawford is sworn in as the nation's eighth Vice President.

()
William H. Crawford of Georgia
8th Vice President of the United States of America
March 25th, 1815-?

March 27th, 1815:
President Monroe calls for an extension of the emergency session of Congress after being informed by his cabinet members that a number of them are looking to resign. The current cabinet is made up primarily of Nationals:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs: John Quincy Adams (N-MA)
Secretary of the Treasury: Gouvernour Morris (N-NY)
Secretary of War: William Clark (R-VA)
Attorney General: Jared Ingersole (N-PA)
Secretary of the Navy: William Jones (N-RI)
Postmaster-General: Paul Fearing (N-ON)

Among those wishing to step down, not wanting to work with a Republican, are Gouvernour Morris, Jared Ingersole, and Paul Fearing. President Monroe intends on replacing each of them with Republicans.

April 2nd, 1815:
In Great Britain, news of American peace ministers arrives. In response, it is ordered that for now the British troops slow their advance on American troops. However, the news may not reach in time.

April 3rd, 1815:
James Monroe submits three names for confirmation to various cabinet posts. The choices show the amount of influence Monroe's mentor, Jefferson, has had. For Secretary of the Treasury is Jefferson's old choice, Albert Gallatin. For Attorney General, Republican Chief Justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals Thomas Todd is selected. And for Postmaster-General is former Congressman Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., former President Jefferson's son-in-law.

April 8th, 1815:
In the Battle of Aroostook, British troops meet American troops in the woods in Quebec and Massachuetts.

April 11th, 1815:
The four man peace delegation begins its trans-Atlantic voyage to Great Britain where it will meet with representatives of the British government with the hope of ending the War of 1811.

April 13th, 1815:
Both Gallatin and Todd are approved by the Senate. However, the nation's chief legislative body, dubious of the apparent nepotism of appointing Jefferson's son-in-law to a powerful post, has delayed their confirmation of Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr.

April 15th, 1815:
In a surprise, after a week of fighting, American troops repel "Red Coats", ending the Battle of Aroostook. Nevertheless, casualties are high.

April 17th, 1815:
At last, Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. is confirmed as Postmaster-General. With that, both the House and the Senate disband until December.

The Cabinet of President James Monroe
Secretary of Foreign Affairs: John Quincy Adams (N-MA)
Secretary of the Treasury: Albert Gallatin (R-PA)
Secretary of War: William Clark (R-VA)
Attorney General: Thomas Todd (R-KY)
Secretary of the Navy: William Jones (N-RI)
Postmaster-General: Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. (R-VA)

The Supreme Court of the United States of America
Chief Justice:
John Marshall (VA) Serving since 1795, Chief Justice since 1810
Associate Justices:
Rufus King (NY) Serving since 1810
Robert Trimble (KY) Since 1814
Oliver Wolcott, Jr. (CT) Serving since 1811
Bushrod Washington (VA) Serving since 1812
James Madison (VA) Serving since 1804

April 27th, 1815:
Even as American peace ministers await an audience with the British, President Monroe orders War Secretary Clark to the front-lines in the West to rally American forces out there in opposition to the British attempt to take advantage of the low population of that territory.

May 3rd, 1815:
The American peace commission is finally admitted to its first meeting with British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Robert Stewart and his staff. Despite the conciliatory tone that all four Americans bring to the table, Britain is nevertheless unresponsive to it, instead relying on its military upper hand.

May 13th, 1815:
While in the East, American and British forces alike are taking heavy losses, with the British typically winning, William Clark deals the first American victory in the West in a while.

July 11th, 1815:
Peace negotiations in Great Britain conclude. It is agreed that hostilities shall cease upon the removal of all Americans from Canada and all British regulars from America. Borders shall remain at their status quo.

July 16th, 1815:
After an over two month long campaign in the Northwest Territory, William Clark wins a crushing victory in Canadian lands to the North-East of Lake Superior.

August 25th, 1815:
The American peace commissioners arrive in the District of Columbia. President Monroe grants them audience in the late afternoon, the soonest possible moment he can. Monroe, a seasoned lawyer and former Attorney General, puruses what is being called the Treaty of London and finds the terms amenable. He is surprised to find how agreeable the terms are and speculates that given the record of war between the United States and Great Britain over the years, Britain would rather not have to maintain an even larger frontier across the Atlantic Ocean than it already must. He will submit it to Congress come December.

September 23rd, 1815:
The Great September Gale of 1815 hits New England, becoming the first hurricane to hit it in 180 years.

December 4th, 1815:
With the opening of the 14th Congress, the Treaty of Britain is submitted to the United States Senate.

January 3rd, 1816:
Following less than a month of consideration, the Treaty of London is ratified by the United States Senate. With the nation weary of war, it faced an easy passage, its only notable opposition being some ardent war-hawks from the Western Republicans and a few Nationals from states such as Pennsylvania and New York.

January 5th, 1816:
With news being slow to travel across the country, the final blow of the war is made by William Clark in the Eastern portion of Ontario.

March 12th, 1816:
The Republican caucus occurs in D.C. While few men are willing to campaign openly for the Presidency still, the party is deeply divided between supporters of DeWitt Clinton of New York, the President James Monroe, and rising star War Secretary William Clark.

March 16th, 1816:
Despite votes in favor of President Monroe, Secretary Clark, and even Vice President Crawford, Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York manages a bare majority on the last day of the caucus.

Quote

Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York: 40 votes
President James Monroe of Virginia: 23
Secretary of War William Clark of Virginia: 15

As opposed to tradition, which dictates that a Southerner or Westerner be nominated for Vice President, the majority of attendees instead support another anti-war Northerner, this one being Senator Jeremiah B. Howell of Rhode Island.

Meanwhile, retiring to the Executive Mansion, President Monroe sighs and laments on his political career, for it seems that he has been tossed out of office by his own party, and that his career is over.

April 9th, 1816:
The National Caucus occurs in New York City, New York, ironically the city where their political rival, DeWitt Clinton, once served as Mayor. For the first time lacking the presence of Alexander Hamilton as a powerful influence, there is little organization. However, former Speaker Henry Clay soon takes charge of the gathering and established himself as its greatest political leader. Clay, an ambitious politician, nevertheless declines whisperings that he run for the Presidency. Instead, he proposes Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Quincy Adams.

April 13th, 1816:
With the conclusion of the National caucus, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts is nominated for President. While there are still calls to nominate Henry Clay for the Vice Presidency, he defers to his senior, both in age and in politics, General William Henry Harrison. Still only in his forties, Harrison is a noted military leader and former cabinet secretary. The Nationals are hoping to use their ticket to deliver a message of foreign policy accomplishment and war victory. However, such images may be out of vogue in the wake of the debacle of the War of 1811.

Talk Elections

Presidential Elections - Analysis and Discussion => Election What-ifs? => Topic started by: FEMA Camp Administrator on January 01, 2012, 12:11:19 AM