<gazes into a cracked cystal ball> Here's my overall view of 2100, told to me by a crazed 113-year-old version of me:
There will be a 3-way struggle between the US and allies (including SEAsia aka Greater India/Thailand, the South American Republic, and Greater Australia), China and allies (including the Union of South American Socialist Republics), and the Caliphate (although it's a highly uneven war, chiefly between the US and China, the Caliphate being a nuked-out 7th century hellhole that hasn't been conquered largely because it isn't worthwile). Both the US and China have moonbases and Marsbases.
China shall essentially absorb Korea, Vietnam/Laos, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia. Taiwan is not as, alongside Japan, Mexico, western Canada, Panama, the Guyanas, Ireland, Greenland, Iceland, Cuba, Belize, the Phillipines, and the Bahamas, it join the United States. Which has over 90 states now btw.
Over 500 million died during the Caliphate War of 2041, which devastated much of the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. Paris, Cairo, Jerusalem, Mecca, Athens, Rome, Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon, Riyadh, Haifa, Amsterdam, Medina, Damascus, Beirut, Tel Aviv, London, Manchester, Baghdad, Basra, Tehran, Lyon, Marseilles, Venice, Qoz, Addis Abeba, Timbuktu, Alma Aty, Kandahar, Islamabad, Karachi, and New Dehli were among the cities destroyed by nuclear fire. Of all the nations in the area, only India survives as a fully coherent nation - having merged with its allies in SE asia. The rest is nominally under the command of a 'Caliph' meeting in some surviving town (I think my future self claimed it was Tikrit...), but is really a bunch of petty squabbling fiefs that hate each other only a little less then they hate the rest of the world. Some are stronger then others - the former West Indonesia is one of the more frightening ones (everything from Bali east is part of Australia now - King George X rules the remnants of the Commonwealth from Sydney).
Europe's a mess - Russia's been reduced to its borders circa 1600 or so, the Caliphate "runs" much of Southern and Western Europe (including most of Britain - i hear they never managed to take over the Scottish highlands though, or a big chunk of Wales). Everything else is either a part of the Eastern European Union or the Scandinavian League.
There are two non-US nations in South America: the South American Republic aka Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile, and the Union of South American Socialist Republics aka Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. There is considerable strife, especially in Colombia and Bolivia in the SAR and in Paraguay and Venezuela in the USASR.
There are now only 3 French-speaking nations on Earth: Quebec, Haiti, and Madagascar. The three most popular languages are English, Mandarin Chinese, and Arabic, in roughly that order.
There are about 7 billion people, of which 2 billion live in China, 1.5 billion in SEAsia, 1 billion in the United States, and 2.5 billion elsewhere. About 10 million people have left Earth and now live in one of several US or Chinese moonbases, the two US marsbases, the half-dozen orbiting space stations, or the O'Neill space colonies operated jointly by the US, EEU, Australia, and SEAsia (or rather, by corporations from those countries).
Africa's population was decimated by AIDS. much of Africa is now under nominal Caliphate control, the rest is like it was back in 2005 except with fewer people.
Central America, aside from the now-US-ruled areas, is much like it always was. Of the 5 countries, 2 are corrupt democracies, 2 are run by military juntas, and one has a socialist dictatorship.
The Republicans and the Democrats have both long since collapsed politically. The four major parties are the Labor Party, the Whig Party, the Populist Party, and the Federalist Party. My 113-year-old self is a diehard Whig. The current President is Alberto Samosa, a Federalist. The Senate is run by a Whig-Federalist coalition, while the Populist-Labor coalition holds the House. 2100 is going to be an interesting election year...
As for how my 113 year old self is still alive and kicking? A mixture of gene therapy and cybernetics. He claimed to have been one of the 21st centuries great mad scientists, involved in some project involving AI androids (I couldn't get specifics). He certainly looked the part: frazzled white hair, glasses (despite the fact that most of that stuff's been cured), a bent posture, and a slightly maniacal laugh
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