I've taken a random interest in this bill!
Using real life stats, according to the Mint,
it cost 1.79 cents to make a single penny, meaning for every penny we make, it's created at a 0.0079 (of a dollar) loss.
In 2010, we created four billion pennies, which amounts to a loss of $32 million. This act would reduce the supply of pennies that would've otherwise been in circulation by (using the last six years to create the average) an average of 5.8 billion pennies a year.
At the current loss, an average of 5.8 billion pennies a year amounts to roughly $45.8 million a year in savings.
But Duke's comment deserves some attention:
This makes fiscal sense. It costs more to produce a penny than they are actually worth. There's no reason to continue to make pennies.
The Senator is correct, it doesn't make fiscal sense to continue to make pennies, but it also doesn't make fiscal sense to continue to create nickels, either.
It costs at least 7.1 cents to make a nickel. (Some other sources put that number at 7.7 cents.) Using the same six year average (which is lower than the actual average, really, given the tightening of the money supply in 2009), we created an average of 943.2 million nickels a year.
At a 0.021 loss in creating each nickel, we lose an average of $19.8 million a year creating a comparatively much smaller amount of nickels.
As penny supplies in the overall economy tighten in the coming years, we may be in a bit of a bind. If we eliminate pennies altogether and round up prices, the Mint will be forced to create a lot more nickels, which would more than offset the savings we would make by stopping penny production due to the loss on nickels being nearly three times the amount of loss on manufacturing pennies. Even simply stopping penny production indefinitely but not mandating prices must be rounded up may cause penny shortages after several years, with some retailers rounding up prices independently, forcing the mint to create more nickels to compensate anyway.
Because of that, and the halfhearted method of this bill in trying to stake out a position somewhere in the middle of the status-quo and stopping penny production and the legal tender of it altogether, I don't actually believe this bill will really
do much. Short term savings will, in substantial likelihood, be erased by increased losses after several years' time anyway.