The liberal Republic

[President Johnson]

October 3, 1979: Jere Beasley enters race for Democratic presidential nomination



Governor Jere Beasley of Alabama has announced his presidential bid

If there was an Alabamian in the race, it was expected to be Albert Brewer. Since the senator declined, indications pointed into the direction of Governor Jere Beasley running. In early October, Beasley has formally entered the race. He is a centrist, some even argue conservative, Democrat who was lieutenant governor under Brewer from 1971 to 1975, before winning the governorship himself in 1974. He was easily reelected in 1978. Political observers expect Beasley’s impact on the race very limited, without a clear chance to become the nominee.


October 10, 1979: Ford Administration sets up Solar Research program as energy prices rise



President Gerald Ford announcing the plan to invest large sums into solar energy research at a press conference

As energy prices continue to rise, in part due to the turmoil in Iran, the Ford Administration has undertaken various attempts to combat inflation in the energy sector. Secretary of Energy John B. Anderson has approved more oil drilling and even begun looking for more imports from South America. In addition, recently developed solar energy has attracted the president’s attention. Ultimately, President Gerald Ford approved over 1.2 billion dollars in research funds for solar energy and set up a new program, multiplying the sum that has been spent before. The new program, which consists actors of the private sector, will be headed by Vice President William Scranton.

Conservatives expressed doubts about the technology and think it’s a waste of money, but the administration has rejected criticism.


October 23, 1979: Iranian Shah seeks cancer treatment in US, President Ford to decide soon



The Shah of Iran has requested cancer treatment in the US. Now it is incumbent to President Ford to decide.

No end in sight with regard to the crisis in Iran: The Shah, who fled Teheran in January, has officially requested the American government to seek cancer treatment in the United States. The Shah currently stays in Mexico, while the new Iranian regime demands to extradite him and threatened with a harsh response, should the Ford Administration grant him treatment in New York. The final decision would soon be made by President Gerald Ford. White House interns told the press, that National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger warned the president approval of the request would be considered an act of hostility by Iran.

According to sources within the State Department, Secretary Richard Nixon has ordered to review current security standards for diplomatic offices in Iran, which became subject to severe street protests.


October 25, 1979: Frank Church not running, seeks reelection to senate



He's out: Senator Frank Church (D-ID) isn't running for president and focusses on his senate reelection bid

He ran in 1976 with modest success in the primaries, now Senator Frank Church (D-ID) ruled out another bid for the White House. In an interview with a local radio station in Boise, Idaho, he declared his candidacy a fourth term in the senate, this ruling out another presidential run. The senator emphasized the Democrats to nominate a fairly liberal candidate who can unite the party and the country. He didn’t endorse anyone, but spoke favorably about Jerry Brown and Reubin Askew.


What will Lloyd Bentsen do?



Senator Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX) might soon enter the presidential race

Senator Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX) has long been considered a frontrunner for the nomination, especially since RFK declined to run and he (Bentsen) performed way better than expected in 1976. However, he has not yet declared a run. “It’s definitely on the table and I’ll be making a decision by the end of the year”, the Texas senator said in a September interview. In the latest survey, he has a lost the lead among Democratic primary voters to Reubin Askew, but is still within the margin of error.


October 31, 1979: New Gallup polls, including for 1980

President Ford job approval
Approve: 58% ▼
Disapprove: 35% ▲


1980 Republican Party presidential nomination

President Gerald Ford: 57% ▲
Former Governor Ronald Reagan: 31% ▼
Someone else/undecided: 12%


1980 Democratic Party presidential nomination

Governor Reubin Askew: 23% ▲
Senator Lloyd Bentsen: 21% ▼
Governor Jerry Brown: 11% ▲
Senator Walter Mondale: 8% ▲
Senator John Glenn: 7% ▲
Governor Jere Beasley: 3% ▲
Senator Birch Bayh: 2% ▬
Senator Alan Cranston: 2% ▼
Senator Wendell Ford: 2% ▼
Someone else/undecided: 21%

[President Johnson]

November 4, 1979

BREAKING: Iranian Protesters break into US Embassy, take 52 hostage



Following President Gerald Ford’s decision to allow the Iranian Shah cancer treatment in New York City, protesters in Tehran, encouraged by the Mullah regime, broke into the US Embassy and took 52 diplomats and their employees hostage. At the White House, President Gerald Ford immediately summoned his closest advisors: Vice President William Scranton, Secretaries Richard Nixon and Dan Evans as well as National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger. All voices surrounding the president agreed to put in place sanctions against the regime. The next day, President Ford signed an Executive Order, barring oil imports from Iran; in addition over 8 billion dollars of Iranian assets in the United States were frozen by the Treasury Department under Raymond Shafer. The White House furthermore insisted that all options are on the table, including the use of force.

Official sources remained largely silent in the following das other than condemning the regime in Tehran and Iranian students, but insiders from within the administration report that the State Department is engaged in negotiations. What troubles these efforts is the resignation of the Iranian government on November 6, following complains over “an invasion of radicals into the institutions.”

On November 15, a number of Democratic lawmakers, including presidential candidate Walter Mondale, expressed reservations about President Ford’s decision to grant the Shah U.S. entry. Governor Jerry Brown, another presidential contender, urged the administration to change course and expel the Shah right after another country grants him asylum. The White House rejected these calls, but President Ford is reportedly upset behind the scenes over the CIA’s underestimation of the threat his decision posed.


Ronald Reagan emphasizes use of force against Iran



Ronald Reagan, still flirting with a presidential bid, emphasizes a tough response to Iran

Former California Governor Ronald Reagan, who is still thinking about a presidential run, publically emphasized the use of military force against Iran during a November 16 interview. When asked what he would do as president, he answered: “I would strong consider to set a deadline for the release of all our hostages. If the responsible, who are clearly controlled by this murderous regime, chose to ignore it, I would definitely authorize the use of force in order to send a clear signal. When cannot tolerate this kind of tyranny against our own citizens, who are entirely innocent. I applaud President Ford for issuing sanctions and pray he will do the right thing, but he needs to go a step further if necessary.” Reagan insisted he was only expressing his opinion and refused to announce any plans to run for president.

The White House did not comment Reagan’s remarks, though a spokesman for Secretary Nixon said the former governor was not speaking for the administration.


November 23, 1979: Lloyd Bentsen announces bid for president



Senator Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX) has finally thrown is hat into the ring

He finally made his decision: Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas declared his candidacy for president. Bentsen gained national profile when he ran in the 1976 primaries and did well, finishing a strong third behind Edmund Muskie and George McGovern. A moderate to liberal Democrat, the Texas senator is considered not just a favorite for the nomination of his party, he is also someone who is perceived to have a real chance to win nationwide. If elected, he would be the second consecutive Democratic president from the state of Texas after Lyndon B. Johnson. Bentsen also starts off with a clear fundraising and organization advantage over most of his rivals.


November 30, 1979: New Gallup polls, including for 1980

President Ford job approval
Approve: 61% ▲
Disapprove: 34% ▼


1980 Republican Party presidential nomination

President Gerald Ford: 58% ▲
Former Governor Ronald Reagan: 33% ▲
Someone else/undecided: 9%


1980 Democratic Party presidential nomination

Senator Lloyd Bentsen: 26% ▲
Former Governor Reubin Askew: 21% ▼
Governor Jerry Brown: 14% ▲
Senator John Glenn: 10% ▲
Senator Walter Mondale: 8% ▬
Governor Jere Beasley: 4% ▲
Senator Wendell Ford: 2% ▬
Someone else/undecided: 15%

[President Johnson]

December 1, 1979: Ronald Reagan declares presidential candidacy – challenges President Ford for Republican nomination



In a broadcasted video, Ronald Reagan announced his candidacy for president, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford for the Republican nomination

“Ladies and Gentlemen, my fellow Americans, I am pleased to share with you my decision to seek the Republican nomination for President of the United States”, former California governor Ronald Reagan told his audience in a now released 25-minute video he broadcasted. In his remarks, Reagan reminded people how far America has come in the just over 200 years of its existence. “Yet, we face unprecedented challenges that we have to meet”, he further said, pointing to the turmoil on the world stage and the slowly overheating economy over recent months. He explicitly emphasized his presidential candidacy is not intended to run against something or someone. “It is not for me or anyone the question the patriotism or commitment of Gerald Ford. We know that he is gentle and honest person”, Reagan remarked about the sitting president. Instead, his campaign would intend to offer an alternative to the centrist-oriented administration and Republican Party built by late President Nelson Rockefeller. “The Rockefeller/Ford Administration has delivered on several issues, but leaves challenges open that we have to face with a new approach instead of continuing the old”, he commented. In the end, it was up the Republican voters and he (Reagan) would live with whatever they decide.

The cornerstones of Reagans campaign, as he said in his video, are: An across the board tax reduction of 30%, a massive cut in regulations and social programs and a tougher stance against the USSR. He also calls for spending increases on defense and weapon systems.


Mixed reactions on Reagan candidacy



Senate Minority Leader Mark Hatfield (R-OR) opposes Reagan's presidential bid and backs Gerald Ford

Ronald Reagan’s announced presidential campaign received mixed reaction from Republicans and the general public. The White House did not publically react, but a spokesman for the Ford campaign expressed confidence that President Gerald Ford would easily win the nomination and the general election: “The voters know where the president stands and they trust him.” Senate Minority Leader Mark Hatfield criticized Reagan for “once again dividing the party”. Hatfield, who supports Ford, told a reporter: “I think this is not particularly helpful and I am disappointed that Governor Reagan puts his personal interest ahead of the party and, even more important, the country. We have a Republican president, and he is doing excellent work.” President Ford also has the large part of the Republican establishment behind his campaign. Surprisingly, Senate Minority Whip John Tower of Texas, a conservative, endorsed the president over Reagan.



Senator Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) supports Ronald Reagan

Senator and 1964 Republican nominee Barry Goldwater was the highest ranking lawmaker to endorse the Reagan candidacy. Goldwater said he thinks the competition is healthy and would make Ford a better candidate if he beats Reagan in the end. Even more important than GoldwaterÄs helping hands is that Reagan enjoys grassroots support from conservative groups, who always were lukewarm about the Rockefeller/Ford Administrations.

Most political observers give Reagan a chance not higher than 25% to win the nomination. “He will give Gerald Ford a run and may force him adopt some more conservative policy planks into the platform”, the New York Times editorial board wrote.


December 11, 1979: Secretary Nixon rules out ransom to Iran, threatens with war if one hostage is killed



Secretary of State Richard Nixon threatens Iran with a harsh response

Following a meeting of the National Security Council, Secretary of State Richard Nixon directed harsh words at Iran: First, he publically ruled out the payment any ransom in exchange for the 52 hostage’s release. And second, he threatened with “total destruction” if one hostage was injured or killed. “Nobody on purpose kills one of our citizens without paying a severe price”, he said. Meanwhile, backroom channels through allied nations are going on. Reports indicate that National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger has been assigned to lead the effort.


Insider reporters: President Ford instructed Pentagon the evaluate military options

December 14, 1979: A Washington Post report, citing sources within the Pentagon, reveals that President Gerald Ford has instructed the Pentagon to evaluate military action against Iran to resolve the hostage crisis. Both a maneuver to free the hostages are reportedly under consideration, as is broader operation to target the regime. However, it is unclear how exactly this would look like since not the entire Iranian military has come out in support of the new regime.

The White House declined the story but emphasized “all options are on the table”.

[President Johnson]

Terrific updates! Is George Romney still governor of MI then?

Enjoying the TL

Thanks...

No, Romney retired after two terms from 1963 to 1971. But at that time, there wasn't term limit in Michigan.

Romney was elected MI Governor in 1962 & reelected in 1964 & 1966.

Speaking of Governors: what happened to Connally ? I'm assuming he chose not to seek a 4th 2-year term in 1968 ?

I also have some tidbits on this TL: Brewer (if he had beaten Wallace in the Runoff in 1970), was allowed to seek a 2nd full 4-year term in 1974 & was NOT term limited since AL extended the term of Governor to back-to-back 4 years.

On Rocky: I thought he was buried at the Rockefeller Family Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, NY St ? Because I noticed that you'd have to be in the military to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Connally in this TL retired as governor in 1969, just as he did IRL. He served as Commerce Secretary in Rocky's first term but stepped down in 1977.


I don't know about the rules in Alabama whether Brewer could have run again 1974, but however, he decided to run for senate instead


As president, there would have been some chance he gets burried in Arlington, especially after dying in office as a popular president.

[President Johnson]

I'll provide the next update (the final one before the primaries begin) within the next days. Have been too busy recently

[President Johnson]

December 27, 1979: Soviet Union invades Afghanistan



Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan on December 29, 1979

On December 27, 1979, Soviet troops launched an invasion into Afghanistan and begun occupying major governmental, military and media buildings, including the Presidential Palace in Kabul. Immediately after Soviet troops entered Afghanistan along two ground routes and one air corridor, local militias begun a counter operation. Babrak Karmal, Afghanistan's new president, charged the Soviets with causing an increase in the unrest, and demanded that the 40th Army step in and quell the rebellion, as his own army had proved untrustworthy.

Along with the international community, the Ford Administration condemned the intervention as a serious violation of Afghan sovereignty. President Ford made it clear that the United States under his leadership would not remain silent and consider various sanctions and arming rebels. However, he also made it clear that he has no interest in turning Afghanistan into a close ally of the US and threaten the USSR with American military presence there. It is unclear at this point, whether a planned meeting between Ford and Brezhnev in East Berlin in March 1980 will even take place. A White House spokesman, the president considers cancel the unofficial meeting, should the Politburo stay on course.


December 31, 1979: New Gallup poll

President Ford job approval
Approve: 54% ▼
Disapprove: 39% ▲


January 10, 1980: President Ford imposes additional sanctions on Iran, sanctions Soviets



President Gerald Ford imposed a variety of sanctions against both Iran and the USSR

No breakthrough in the efforts to release the American hostages captured in November led President Gerald Ford to impose even stricter sanctions on the Iranian regime. The Treasury Secretary was directed to cut off any Iranian access to capital markets. Meanwhile, the president renewed threats made by Secretary of State Richard Nixon to use American military force against Iran if necessary.

On January 10, the president also issued sanctions on the Soviet Union, cancelling some deliveries of grain that were approved under the Rockefeller presidency. “I am aware that this also affects civilians suffering under the Soviet regime, but their renewed aggression makes it necessary to show American determination”, the president said in a public statement.


Mid-January 1980: Momentum for Reagan candidacy grows



Ronald Reagan during a campaign event in January 1980

Months ago, it seemed as Ronald Reagan’s announced presidential bid was a hopeless case and merely intended to push the Republican platform into a more conservative leaning. But in light of recent setbacks for the Ford Administration, the Gipper’s candidacy gains steam. He experienced a bump in the polls and there is enthusiasm on his campaign rallies. Reagan has his campaign focused on his key issues such as major new tax cuts across the board, deregulation and an increase in military spending. The renewed Soviet aggression in Afghanistan is proof to him that détente policies by the Rockefeller and Ford Administration have outlived themselves. However, Reagan has not attacked the president personally at this point.

President Ford has not much responded to his challenger, but pointed out that he is far more experienced than any of his opponents. He continues to point to the successes of the Rockefeller presidency, in which he played a key role. The incumbent is still expected to win the Republican nomination, but it looks like Reagan is making it a fight rather than a cakewalk.


January 31, 1980: New Gallup polls

President Ford job approval
Approve: 53% ▼
Disapprove: 39% ▬


1980 Republican Party presidential nomination

President Gerald Ford: 52% ▼
Former Governor Ronald Reagan: 39% ▲
Someone else/undecided: 9%


1980 Democratic Party presidential nomination

Senator Lloyd Bentsen: 25% ▼
Former Governor Reubin Askew: 21% ▬
Governor Jerry Brown: 16% ▲
Senator John Glenn: 12% ▲
Senator Walter Mondale: 10% ▲
Governor Jere Beasley: 2% ▼
Someone else/undecided: 14%


IOWA: 1980 Republican Party presidential nomination

President Gerald Ford: 50%
Former Governor Ronald Reagan: 37%
Someone else/undecided: 13%


IOWA: 1980 Democratic Party presidential nomination

Senator Lloyd Bentsen: 24%
Senator John Glenn: 17%
Former Governor Reubin Askew: 15%
Senator Walter Mondale: 14%
Governor Jerry Brown: 14%
Governor Jere Beasley: 3%
Someone else/undecided: 13%

[President Johnson]

February 5, 1980

DECISION 1980: Ford defeats Reagan in Iowa! Bentsen wins Democratic caucus, Glenn and Brown with strong performance!



Iowa Republican Caucus
✓ Gerald R. Ford (inc.): 62.4%
Ronald Reagan: 37.1%

And there it goes: President Gerald Ford has won the first Republican caucus of the 1980 election by defeating challenger Ronald Reagan in Iowa. He won by over 24 points in a state, that Nelson Rockefeller lost to Reagan in 1972 election. The president has run up his margins in urban and suburban areas, while Reagan won a lot of rural counties. Fiord thanked his supporters and directly flew to New Hampshire, where is expected to win as well in the upcoming primary.


Iowa Democratic Caucus
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 24.3%
John Glenn: 22.1%
Jerry Brown: 21.7%
Walter Mondale: 16.7%
Reubin Askew: 11.0%
Jere Beasley: 3.5%



The victory on the Democratic side belongs to the Texan: Senator Lloyd Bentsen has, as polls already predicted, won the first Democratic contest of the 1980 cycle. He garnered about a fourth of the vote. But there are two more candidates, who have a good night: Senator John Glenn of Ohio overperformed opinion polls and came in a very strong second, closely followed by California Governor Jerry Brown. To Walter Mondale, Senator from neighboring Minnesota, and Reubin Askew, the former Florida governor, this result is a disappointment. Alabama Governor Jere Beasley finished last among the major candidates.


February 6, 1980: Jere Beasley withdraws candidacy, endorses Bentsen



Governor Jere Beasley's short lived candidacy comes to an end after failing to gain traction

The first major Democratic contender is out: Alabama Governor Jere Beasley suspended his campaign after a very poor showing in Iowa. His quest for the nomination has always viewed as a longshot and lacked major financial support. Several rank and file Southern Democrats have united behind the Bentsen and Askew campaigns. Beasley told his supporters that he favors Lloyd Bentsen to be party’s standard bearer.


February 12, 1980

DECISION 1980: Ford and Glenn victorious in New Hampshire primaries! Brown strong second



New Hampshire Republican Primary
✓ Gerald R. Ford (inc.): 55.0%
Ronald Reagan: 44.5%

Another victory for Gerald Ford: New Hampshire is a conservative state in New England but has backed Nelson Rockefeller in 1972 as well. Reagan hoped to improve from his Iowa defeat, and he did, but just fell short by ten points. The hopes of his campaign are now in the two upcoming contests in Nevada and South Carolina.


New Hampshire Democratic Primary
✓ John Glenn: 27.3%
Jerry Brown: 26.0%
Lloyd Bentsen: 20.4%
Walter Mondale: 15.6%
Reubin Askew: 8.9%

The New Hampshire primary essentially produced two winners, two losers and a neutral result. John Glenn definitely belongs to the winner, as he came in first with over 27% of the vote. This is a crucial victory for his campaign. The second, and maybe even bigger winner is Jerry Brown. The 41 year old California has yet again surprised political observers by gaining a lot of grassroots support from Democratic activists. The New Hampshire primary gives him momentum in his bid to win Nevada later this month. For Lloyd Bentsen, the result is satisfying, but not too great either. Both Walter Mondale and Reubin Askew struggled to break out and came in fourth and fifth. However, for Askew, there is reason to be optimistic about South Carolina, where he is neck-in-neck with Bentsen.

[President Johnson]

February 15, 1980: Vice President William Scranton walks off meeting with Soviet minister



Vice President William Scranton walked off a meeting with the Soviet foreign minister over severe disagreements on Afghanistan

Showdown in Vienna: At a bilateral meeting between US and Soviet representatives, Vice President William Scranton walked off a conversation with Foreign Minister Alexei Gromyko. The two discussed the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, which has been condemned by the Ford Administration and several other nations. President Gerald Ford himself originally planned a summit with Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev, but cancelled the planned event after the invasion took place. However, he agreed for Vice President William Scranton, who tours Europe, to meet with the foreign minister of the USSR. Apparently, he told the vice president that the USSR won’t withdraw its troops any time soon and America should stay out of the conflict.

Right after the news broke, a White House spokesman announced that the president is considering a series of sanctions against Moscow. After the final Johnson years and the Rockefeller presidency calmed down tension between the superpowers, it begins to look like the Cold War is restarting.


February 19, 1980

DECISION 1980: Reagan upset in South Carolina! Democratic contest undecided, extremely close between Bentsen and Askew



South Carolina Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 55.5%
Gerald R. Ford (inc.): 44.3%

Ronald Reagan stuns the political world! He upset President Gerald Ford in South Carolina primary. This is a badly needed win for him after two losses earlier this month and underlines his status a serious contender for the Republican nomination. The president’s advisors had, as insiders report, already prepared him for a potential loss, even though they hoped to pull it off and force Reagan to quit his candidacy or cost him momentum he gained over the last few days.


South Carolina Democratic Primary
Reubin Askew: 28.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 28.5%
Jerry Brown: 19.7%
John Glenn: 17.3%
Walter Mondale: 5.5%

The only thing that is clear on the Democratic side is that Jerry Brown and John Glenn finished with respectable numbers in a state of the Deep South. A region, where Walter Mondale has apparently trouble to gain traction, as he ended up with just over five percent of the vote. Reubin Askew and Lloyd Bentsen finished ahead of the rest of the field. Askew is currently in the lead with less than 100 votes. As neither candidate was declared a winner, a manual recount will take place.


February 26, 1980

DECISION 1980: Reagan wins his next contest in Nevada! Brown on top of Democrats!



Nevada Republican Caucus
✓ Ronald Reagan: 53.8%
Gerald R. Ford (inc.): 46.0%

The Gipper is having a moment: With the support of his friend Senator Paul Laxalt a local Republican groups, he managed to edge out his second win against President Ford this cycle. This confirms his appeal among a certain electorate of the party. The incumbent, who never ran for national office other than Nelson Rockefeller’s vice president, has lately suffered from a slowdown of the economy and turmoil on the world stage. Reagan thanked his supporters and said the results show Republicans’ desire for something new. The Ford team downplayed the loss and expressed confidence the president will ultimately win the nomination and a full term in November. However, behind the scenes, the team is getting more nervous as Reagan’s charisma sticks with a lot of voters.


Nevada Democratic Caucus
✓ Jerry Brown: 35.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 26.3%
John Glenn: 18.0%
Reubin Askew: 12.7%
Walter Mondale: 7.1%

Jerry Brown has been leading in the Nevada polls for more than two weeks, but his leads were all within the margin of error. Now that the voters finally spoke, the California governor has not just pulled off a win, he almost beat Lloyd Bentsen, the runner-up, by double digits. Media observers described his victory as pretty impressive. As a result, the Brown, who also had strong showings in the previous contests, campaign goes with momentum into Super Tuesday.


February 27, 1980: Reubin Askew declared winner in South Carolina by 154 votes; Democratic contest produces four winners in four states



Reubin Askew has officially won the South Carolina primary

Over a week late, the South Carolina Democratic primary results are finally certified: Former Florida Governor Reubin Askew has won the state by 154 votes over Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen. This means that the four Democratic contests before Super Tuesday have produced four different winners.


February 29, 1980 New Gallup polls, including for 1980

President Ford loses ground in all polls, even though he still leading in both the Republican primary and general election polls. Ronald Reagan on the Republican side as well as Jerry Brown and John Glenn on the Democratic side have gained traction.

President Ford job approval
Approve: 51% ▼
Disapprove: 42% ▲


1980 Republican Party presidential nomination

President Gerald Ford: 50% ▼
Former Governor Ronald Reagan: 40% ▲
Someone else/undecided: 10%


1980 Democratic Party presidential nomination

Senator Lloyd Bentsen: 24% ▼
Governor Jerry Brown: 19% ▲
Former Governor Reubin Askew: 17% ▼
Senator John Glenn: 17% ▲
Senator Walter Mondale: 8% ▼
Someone else/undecided: 15%


1980 General election match-ups

Gerald Ford (R, inc.): 48%
Lloyd Bentsen (D): 46%

Gerald Ford (R, inc.): 50%
Reubin Askew (D): 45%

Gerald Ford (R, inc.): 51%
Jerry Brown (D): 45%

Gerald Ford (R, inc.): 51%
Walter Mondale (D): 43%


Ronald Reagan (R): 47%
Lloyd Bentsen (D): 47%

Ronald Reagan (R): 47%
Reubin Askew (D): 45%

Ronald Reagan (R): 49%
Jerry Brown (D): 46%

Ronald Reagan (R): 50%
Walter Mondale (D): 43%

[President Johnson]

I'm still in favor of an Askew/Glenn ticket if I can't have President Mondale.

Brown is icky. Bentsen is... meh.

I'm going to assume that Clements won the TX Governor's Mansion for the GOP in 1978 in this TL as he did in real life.

Yes, he still won the governorship.

Could we see a map of the primary results so far?

I'll do one after the next update, which consists Super Tuesday

[President Johnson]

March 4, 1980

DECISION 1980: Reagan takes lead by sweeping the South, puts pressure on Ford; Brown and Bentsen take commanding leads




Alabama Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 63.0%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 36.3%

Arkansas Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 64.3%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 33.9%

Colorado Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 54.5%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 44.2%

Georgia Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 58.2%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 41.7%

Massachusetts Republican Primary
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 66.0%
Ronald Reagan 31.8%

Minnesota Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 49.9%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 49.6%

Oklahoma Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 52.7%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 46.7%

Tennesee Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 50.0%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 49.7%

Texas Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 60.3%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 38.8%

Virginia Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 53.2%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 45.7%

Vermont Republican Primary
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 81.3%
Ronald Reagan 17.3%


Summary: A warning sign for Gerald Ford



Ronald Reagan had a very good night

What a resounding victory for Ronald Reagan: He won all but two contests over an incumbent president, whose campaign failed to rally enough Republican support behind him. All political observers now agree that this has shifted the power balance within the party and that the Gipper has a real shot at the nomination. However, it must be admitted that the contests of Super Tuesday took mostly place in states favorable to him. Once the Atlantic North East and Mid-West start voting, President Ford is expected to make up a lot of ground. Nevertheless, the president must increase his presence on the campaign trail, something that even his advisors told him lately. Up to this point, Ford was not taking the challange that serious. The Super Tuesday results are a warning sign for the occupant of the Oval Office.


The Republican primary map:

Ronald Reagan: ~19% of delegates
Gerald Ford (inc.): ~6% of delegates


Alabama Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 32.5%
Jerry Brown: 24.4%
Reubin Askew: 23.1%
John Glenn: 12.3%
Walter Mondale: 7.0%

Arkansas Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 29.9%
Reubin Askew: 27.4%
Jerry Brown: 24.1%
John Glenn: 10.5%
Walter Mondale: 5.7%

Colorado Democratic Caucus
✓ Jerry Brown: 30.6%
Lloyd Bentsen: 25.7%
John Glenn: 25.0%
Walter Mondale: 11.3%
Reubin Askew: 6.8%

Georgia Democratic Primary
✓ Reubin Askew: 29.4%
Lloyd Bentsen: 26.1%
Jerry Brown: 22.4%
John Glenn: 14.2%
Walter Mondale: 5.7%

Massachusetts Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 26.5%
John Glenn: 24.1%
Lloyd Bentsen: 21.9%
Walter Mondale: 13.6%
Reubin Askew: 6.6%

Minnesota Democratic Caucus
✓ Walter Mondale: 28.9%
Jerry Brown: 26.1%
John Glenn: 18.4%
Lloyd Bentsen: 17.6%
Reubin Askew: 8.3%

Oklahoma Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 27.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 27.0%
John Glenn: 19.2%
Reubin Askew: 18.0%
Walter Mondale: 7.8%

Tennessee Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 23.6%
Lloyd Bentsen: 23.3%
Reubin Askew: 23.0%
John Glenn: 18.9%
Walter Mondale: 7.2%

Texas Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 41.5%
Jerry Brown: 21.5%
Reubin Askew: 15.2%
John Glenn: 14.1%
Walter Mondale: 5.1%

Virginia Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 25.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 22.6%
Reubin Askew: 19.7%
John Glenn: 19.0%
Walter Mondale: 11.8%

Vermont Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 29.5%
John Glenn: 28.1%
Lloyd Bentsen: 17.9%
Walter Mondale: 15.4%
Reubin Askew: 8.6%


Summary: Bentsen and Brown emerge as frontrunners

On the Democratic side, two contenders took the lead: Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas and Governor Jerry Brown of California. Bentsen has gained ground through his strong performance in the South while finishing with respectable results in the North. Even though Reubin Askew was able to cut into his support among Southerners and win contests, Bentsen remains to overall favorite. Meanwhile, Governor Jerry Brown and his youthful grassroots campaign for government reform has gained steam and he won several important states. Even Tennessee, Oklahoma and Virginia; states, that he wasn't expected to win. He certainly took advantage of the Southern rivalery between Bentsen and Askew, what allowed him to come in first with a relatively low vote share.

For John Glenn, it was not enough to win any state at this point. He pledged to continue his campaign, though. Walter Mondale managed one win in his homestate of Minnesota, but had poor showings almost anywhere else. Especially in the South he mostly failed to get out of single digits.

As of now, the Democratic contest looks like to become a matchup between Bentsen and Brown.


The Democratic map:

Jerry Brown: ~10% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~10% of delegates
John Glenn: ~3% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~3% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~2% of delegates


March 5, 1980: Walter Mondale suspends campaign after poor showing

Senator Walter Mondale is out

Walter Mondale takes a logical step after Super Tuesday: The senator officially ended his campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. "Even though the upcoming states to hold primaries look more favorable to us, it is clear that I can't win the nomination. I thank you all for your support", he said. Mondale left open whom he would support.

[President Johnson]

I think Reagan would do better in NH than IA , remember in OTL he did much better in NH than IA both in 76 and 80. NH was a pretty conservative Republican state in those days .

I've modified these results a little now

[President Johnson]

March 8, 1980: Reagan challenges Ford to debate; Brown, Bentsen and Askew agree to participate in Democratic forum



While Ronald Reagan wants a televised primary debate, President Ford remains reluctant about that

Republican presidential contender Ronald Reagan has officially called upon President Gerald Ford to debate him live on TV. ?I believe that it is in the voters interest to have to major candidates for the Republican nomination debating the issues of this campaign?, he told supporters at a Mississippi rally. The Ford campaign remained lukewarm in a response. Later on, President Ford said he did not make up his mind, but he doesn?t think additional debate is necessary since voters ?already know where he stands?.

Meanwhile, the Democratic contenders have reached an agreement: Senator Lloyd Bentsen, Governor Jerry Brown and Governor Reubin Askew have agreed to participate in a televised forum later that month. The Glenn campaign has also been invited, but not given an official response. Senator Glenn, however, indicated he would welcome the opportunity to debate.


March 9, 1980: Ahead of Maine primary, Edmund Muskie endorses Brown



Former Senator and 1976 presidential nominee Edmund Muskie endorsed Jerry Brown ahead of the Maine primary

Two days before Maine holds its primaries, former Senator and 1976 presidential nominee Edmund Muskie has endorsed Jerry Brown?s candidacy. Muskie said that the 42-year old California governor has energized the Democratic base and run a spectacular grassroots campaign. Brown has been locked in a close fight with John Glenn in Maine polls. Muskie denied speculation he aims a political comeback after he left the senate in 1977 following his crushing defeat against Nelson Rockefeller in 1976.


March 11, 1980

DECISION 1980: Ford wins two of three primaries; Brown upsets in Michigan and Maine, Bentsen crushes field in Mississippi



Maine Republican Primary
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 57.4%
Ronald Reagan: 40.9%

Michigan Republican Primary
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 70.7%
Ronald Reagan: 27.6%

Mississippi Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 52.8%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 46.6%

After his weak performance on Super Tuesday, President Gerald Ford has rebounded: He both won Maine and, by a wide margin, his homestate of Michigan. And even in Mississippi, he managed to keep it relatively close. However, it underlines that he has trouble in the South. This gives Democratic hopefuls such as Lloyd Bentsen confidence to win back the region in a general election match-up, should Ford win the nomination (which he is still expected to).

The Republican primary map:

Ronald Reagan: ~20% of delegates
Gerald Ford (inc.): ~11% of delegates


Maine Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 33.6%
John Glenn: 30.3%
Lloyd Bentsen: 25.1%
Reubin Askew: 10.3%

Michigan Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 29.6%
John Glenn: 28.4%
Lloyd Bentsen: 24.2%
Reubin Askew: 17.0%

Mississippi Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 43.2%
John Glenn: 19.3%
Reubin Askew: 18.9%
Jerry Brown: 18.0%



Governor Jerry Brown continues his momentum: He edged out narrow wins in Maine and Michigan. Especially the latter is a huge success for his campaign, that didn?t started off in the top-tier. His victory in Michigan pressures John Glenn, who hoped to make inroads in the Midwest after only winning New Hampshire so far. In Mississippi, Lloyd Bentsen easily defeated his competitors, who all finished close at each other with about a fifth of the vote. His two most recent victories give Jerry Brown the lead at this point. However, Lloyd Bentsen, who performed respectable in the North, is still within striking distance. First media observers already start talking about a Bentsen/Brown or Brown/Bentsen ticket.


The Democratic map:

Jerry Brown: ~13% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~11% of delegates
John Glenn: ~3% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~3% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~2% of delegates

[President Johnson]

On NC Governor: Holshouser was term limited from succeeding himself in 1976, so I don't think he would've been allowed to run again for the Governorship that year.

I'm going to assume Jim Hunt (D) won the Governorship in 1976 in this TL like he did in real life.

Holshouser became a senator in 1979 after a successful primary challange to Jesse Helms that was supported by Nelson Rockefeller.

[President Johnson]

March 13, 1980: President Ford, joined by allies, announces boycott of Olympic Games in Moscow



President Gerald Ford announces his decision to boycott the Olympic Summer games in Moscow

Within months, US-Soviet tensions have risen to levels not seen since the presidency of John Kennedy. When Nelson Rockefeller died less than a year ago, many thought the Cold War was over and some peaceful co-existence would endure for decades. That all changed with the Soviet intervention of Afghanistan. President Gerald Ford already issued a variety of sanctions against Moscow and cancelled food exports. On March 13, 1980, he announced together with key allies such as the UK, France, Canada and West Germany to boycott the Olympic Summer games in Moscow later this year. "As someone who has always been interested in sports and promoted sports, I deeply regret to take the decision, but we have no choice. The Soviet aggression must be confronted at every level", Ford said at a White House press conference.

According to various sources, US special forces have already begun to deliver arms to Afghanistan and help rebels against the Russians.


March 14, 1980

DECISION 1980: Ford and Brown win two Grest Plains primaries! Reagan and Bentsen take Louisiana




Kansas Republican Caucus
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 52.0%
Ronald Reagan: 47.4%

Louisiana Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 55.9%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 43.6%

Nebraska Republican Primary
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 53.1%
Ronald Reagan: 46.3%

Some relief for the president: He won both Kansas, where Senator Bob Dole heavily campaigned for him, and Nebraska, the state of his birth. Ronald Reagan continued his win streak in the South, where he managed to win Louisiana.

The Republican primary map:

Ronald Reagan: ~21% of delegates
Gerald Ford (inc.): ~13% of delegates


Kansas Democratic Caucus
✓ Jerry Brown: 35.3%
Lloyd Bentsen: 28.1%
John Glenn: 20.5%
Reubin Askew: 15.7%

Louisiana Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 40.5%
Reubin Askew: 27.3%
John Glenn: 16.8%
Jerry Brown: 14.3%

Nebraska Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 33.3%
Llyod Bentsen: 31.7%
John Glenn: 20.8%
Reubin Askew: 13.0%

After the latest primaries, it becomes more and more clear that Jerry Brown and Lloyd Bentsen are running away. Both have won contests this night and collected almost all delegates up for grabs on this day. Jerry Brown with his grassroots campaign has highly exceeded all expectations so far and won the most contests. Political observers agree that he has a very good shot at the nomination so far. But Lloyd Bentsen has also a reasonable path. What might help Bentsen: He is currently polling better for the general election and can make the case that he's the best one win states in both the South and the North.

The Democratic map:

Jerry Brown: ~15% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~12% of delegates
John Glenn: ~3% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~3% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~2% of delegates


March 15, 1980: John Glenn to end campaign for president



Senator John Glenn of Ohio has decided to end his campaign after failing to win more states

New Hampshire is the only state he won so far, despite respectable showings in some other contests. For John Glenn, this is disappointing enough to suspend his campaign. "I am deeply thankful for all the support I received, but the point has come, where I have no illusions that we can still win enough delegates", the Ohio senator told supports back home. He has declined to endorse one of the remaining candidates and added it's either going to be Brown or Bentsen and he would support both in the general election.

[President Johnson]

I'm assuming Taiwan still has diplomatic relations with the United States & still a member of the United Nations ?

Yes. There will be no changes before the 1980 election

[President Johnson]

March 18, 1980

DECISION 1980: Reagan has another good night in key states as all three remaining Democrats win contests!


Ronald Reagan campaigning in Youngstown, Ohio
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Florida Republican primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 51.1%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 48.4%

Illinois Republican primary
✓ Gerald Ford (inc.): 53.8%
Ronald Reagan: 45.7%

Missouri Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 50.9%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 48.8%

North Carolina Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 56.5%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 43.2%

Ohio Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 49.9%
Gerald Ford (inc.): 49.4%


Another great night for Ronald Reagan: Important victories in key states, especially in Ohio what bolsters his current lead in delegates over sitting president Gerald Ford. Even though the Gipper’s wins were, except for North Carolina, pretty close ones, they are significant in his quest for the Republican nomination. The only primary Reagan lost is Illinois, the state of his birth, what is mainly due to Ford’s crushing margins in greater Chicago and around Springfield. What started off as a longshot for the former California governor became into a successful campaign to move the Republican Party to the right. Ford’s struggling is mostly attributed to the economic slowdown, the turmoil on the world stage and his lack of experience running national or nomination campaigns.

The Republican primary map:

Ronald Reagan: ~32% of delegates
Gerald Ford (inc.): ~17% of delegates


Florida Democratic primary
✓ Reubin Askew: 50.3%
Lloyd Bentsen: 25.4%
Jerry Brown: 22.9%

Illinois Democratic primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 40.1%
Lloyd Bentsen: 33.6%
Reubin Askew: 22.5%

Missouri Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 38.7%
Jerry Brown: 34.0%
Reubin Askew: 27.0%

North Carolina Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 46.2%
Reubin Askew: 28.1%
Jerry Brown: 25.2%

Ohio Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 45.4%
Lloyd Bentsen: 30.0%
Reubin Askew: 23.9%


On the Democratic side, there is more consolation after John Glenn’s exit from the race: The nomination is most likely being decided between California governor Jerry Brown and Texas senator Lloyd Bentsen. Brown’s strong performance as exceeded all expectations of this campaign. Like George McGovern, he has large grassroots support among liberal activists. But in contrast to the South Dakota senator, Brown is closer to the political center and even considers himself a fiscal conservative. Something, that helps him with the moderate wing and presumably a general election. Lloyd Bentsen was seen as the frontrunner for a long time, and he stresses his campaign on two major factors: He’s experienced in Washington and can get things done. And second, he does best among Democrats in general election matchups. Bentsen makes no secret of the fact he would like to face Ronald Reagan because he believes, he can win over moderate voters than supported Nelson Rockefeller in 1972 and 1976.

Reubin Askew, the third man left in the race, seems to have no realistic path any longer. However, he might just stay on to prevent Brown and Bentsen from winning enough delegates and force a brokered convention that nominates him as a compromise candidate. Another option for him is the vice presidential nomination, as some media observers noted. However, this would most likely only be the case with Jerry Brown as the nominee, since Lloyd Bentsen doesn’t need another southerner on the ticket.

The Democratic map:

Jerry Brown: ~23% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~20% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~ 7% of delegates
John Glenn: ~3% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~2% of delegates


Bentsen calls upon Askew to give up to stop Brown


Lloyd Bentsen, bw photo as senator
See page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Lloyd Bentsen insists he's the only Southern Democrat with a shot at the nomination who can also win in November

The day after the votes were cast, Bentsen stunned the public by calling upon Askew to drop out of the race. “Democrats have the best shot at winning with a southerner. But in order to nominate one, there can be only one in the race”, the Texas senator told reporters. The Askew campaign immediately responded by rebuking the call. This was not the first time Bentsen and Askew took shots at each other during the campaign. When asked to comment, Jerry Brown said with a smile: “Nobody should call for anyone to drop out before this thing is decided”. The feud between the two southerners might just work to his benefit.


Democratic debate scheduled for March 30

In cooperation with ABC News and the League of Women Voters, the Democratic National Committee announced to host a debate between the remaining contenders for president. It is scheduled for March 30 and will take place in New York City. The campaigns of Jerry Brown, Lloyd Bentsen and Reubin Askew accepted the invitation. On the Republican side, the Reagan campaign has suggested to hold a debate, but the Ford camp has not agreed so far.

[President Johnson]

Is this timeline dead?

nope I think President Johnson is taking a break

Hope so. This is one of the best timelines we have and I'd hate to see it end early.

Yes, I take a break. I'll change the format, however, since we can't include any image any longer. Probably I switch from monthly to 3 or 6 months updates (aside from campaign events).

[President Johnson]

I didn't want to abandon this after all as I have an imaginary list of presidents in my mind up to the present day, so I have a suggestion: I'll continue this after the smaller TL suggested here.

[President Johnson]

So I have decided to continue this now and apologize for potential confusion. Enjoy reading and leave some comments.



April 1, 1980

BREAKING: PRESIDENT FORD ENDS CAMPAIGN FOR REELECTION, pledges to continue serving the nation



On 11.30 a.m. EST of April 1, reporters were summoned for a statement by the president. There was no specific information given what exactly the president would say and the gathering was just announced hours in advance.

President Ford: Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen: I apologize for the abrupt scheduling of this meeting and that you didn’t have much time to prepare and potential discomfort coming from this development. However, the decision I’m about to announce is one that I have given thorough consideration and one I need to make public as soon as possible. Both for myself and my family this has been a longer process of reflection and consideration.

Today, as I speak, America faces numerous severe challenges, both at home and abroad. However, over the course of most recent months, I have been engaged in an exhausting campaign that made it increasingly difficult for me to fulfill my urgent duties as president. And while I am grateful to all your passionate support during this campaign effort, it became evident that the voters of my party seek to open a new chapter. Now, therefore, I have decided to suspend my bid for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party. Neither do I take the decision lightly, nor do I shrink from the task to earn your trust and confidence. As I have carefully weighed in various factors over most recent days, I came to the point where I had to decide whether I spend months and months out campaigning or whether I’ll continue, with all my heart and mind and the help of the almighty, to serve as a full time president, working to fulfill the people’s business. And that’s exactly what I intended to do. Until January 20 of next year, when a new chief executive will take the solemn oath of office.

Never have I aspired to be president, nor did walk away nearly eight years ago, when Nelson Rockefeller asked me to be his vice presidential candidate. I’m incredibly proud of what we have archived together after earning America’s trust twice in 1972 and 1976. The Rockefeller-Ford years were a time of renewal and incredible progress. America is more respected in the world than it ever was in its history. And still, a lot of business remains to be done, to form a more perfect union. Every single day, step by step. That’s exactly what I intend to do in the months left and beyond my presidency. I shall always be a humble servant of America.

Thank you very much. I’ll be taking your questions on another occasion. Thank you.

As the president left the room, several questions were thrown out, to which he didn’t respond. However, White House internal sources said that Ford called Reagan that morning to inform the former governor of his decision to exit the campaign. Accordingly, Reagan was shocked, as neither he nor his advisors actually expected the move and already begun preparations for brokered convention. It was a real scenario in Reagan world, after he had already come within an inch of the nomination in 1972, after losing a contested convention to then-governor Nelson Rockefeller, who put Richard Nixon in charge of the ground operation at the time. Now Reagan had reached a milestone: He was the presumptive nominee of his party. Already considered a frontrunner ever since Rockefeller’s 50-state landslide reelection against one of the messiest Democratic campaigns with Ed Muskie and VP candidate George McGovern in 1976, it was expected he’d have to face a moderate Republican backed by President Rockefeller (Oregon senator Mark Hatfield was reportedly Rockefeller’s choice as his successor). After Rockefeller unexpectedly died in office in May 1979 and Gerald Ford ascended to the presidency, the nomination was considered his. However, Rockefeller was already bleeding support from Republicans during his second term, as he moved closer and closer to the left (such as demanding a public healthcare system in 1977). While Ford has always been less liberal than Rockefeller, he’s was always seen as an extension of the Rockefeller presidency, under whom he served as loyal vice president for more than six years. Having not earned an own mandate, Ford pledged to continue his predecessor’s policies and kept his team in place (especially Nixon at State and Brooke at Justice). Further angering conservatives, Ford chose moderate Republican, UN Ambassador and former Pennsylvania governor Bill Scranton as vice president. What initially looked like longshot bid, Reagan’s campaign gained steam amidst an economic slowdown in late 1979 and into 1980.

According to White House circles, Ford plans to make an official endorsement for Reagan in the following weeks. As much as Reagan’s win is a triumph of his own, he still needs the sitting president to keep some voters of the Rockefeller coalition in line. Ford and former Rockefeller confidants will be key in securing support from moderate Republicans that have been lukewarm towards the California conservative. With his decision, Ford is the first president since Harry Truman in 1952 who declined to run again and first since Chester Arthur in 1884, who had never been elected to a full term either. So far, it’s unclear what Ford intends to do after leaving office in January 1981. Confidants expect him to write memoirs and prepare for a presidential library.


The headlines of April 2, 1980:

In shocking announcement, Ford withdraws and clears the way for Reagan

Are Republicans ready to turn right?

Ford's dangerous exit may destroy his party

The Democrats finally have to take Reagan seriously

Liberal Republicans should look closely at Dems

Goldwater's belated victory over the East Coast Establishment

Are Brown, Bentsen and Askew ready to protect LBJ's and Rocky's legacy?

Ford's selfish act he might regret in November no matter who wins

Three things Reagan has to do now

The real winner of Ford's exit: Edmund Gerald Brown, Jr.


Ronald Reagan reacts to Ford decision



Roland Reagan hit the exit of his rival by surprise when the president himself called him just minutes before appearing before the press. Less than an hour after Ford gave his address, Reagan himself addressed the public.

Ronald Reagan: Ladies and Gentlemen, I have a few remark to make. President Ford this morning informed me of his decision not to seek the Republican nomination anymore. You won't be surprised to hear that I did not expect anything like that to happen. What I can say is that I'm deeply humbled to essentially have won the nomination of the Republican Party to be the next president of this great country of ours. Let me also use this opportunity to thank President Ford for his decency and his service to a thankful nation. Despite the fact we campaigned against each other, I have always maintained high respect for Mr. Ford and his family, and my reasons were never to oppose a man, but to propose a new agenda. Republican voters apparently have reacted to that message accordingly.

However, let me say, the hard work begins now. In the coming months, I'm going to work tirelessly not just to win over all Americans, but especially to earn the trust and confidence of Gerald Ford's supporters. I can hear you all, and you will have my back. Let us as Republicans unite to build a more prosperous and peaceful future and not return to the days of endless welfare programs, deficts and foreign policy decisions that got us into another war. This is the task ahead, and I'm ready to take it on. Together, we will make America greater than ever before. Thank you.

Reporter I: Governor Reagan, will you meet with the president? Did he pledge to support you?

Ronald Reagan: We have not talked about the general election, but I fully expect to do so. I'm going to meet with the president whenever he wishes. His team will reach out to mine whenever they feel comfortable to. They can call any time.

Reporter II: Sir, Governor Reagan, does that mean you will pick a moderate as your running mate? Has the possibility been discussed to keep Vice President Scranton on?

Ronald Reagan: It's too early for this question. I'm not going into any speculation now. At first, I'll have to win the nomination officially.

Reporter III: Governor, which Democrat would you consider easiest to beat? And which one the toghest opponent? I mean, you could be running against Jerry Brown, your successor in Sacramento. Would you like to run against Governor Brown?

Ronald Reagan: (smiles) Even if I had preference, I wouldn't tell you. Seriously, though, that's a question for the Democrats to answer. In the end, I doubt it matters that much. All of them seek to expand the site of government, bureaucracy and are rather naive about the Soviet Union. My focus is on presenting a better vision for America. In the end, the people will decide. Thank you all, my people are telling me it's time to go. Have a great day.


New national polls, post Ford exit

Ronald Reagan (R): 46%
Jerry Brown (D): 43%

Ronald Reagan (R): 45%
Lloyd Bentsen (D): 44%

Ronald Reagan (R): 46%
Reubin Askew (D): 45%


President Ford approval rating
Approve: 51%
Disapprove: 42%


All images Wikimedia Commons (PD)

[President Johnson]

So happy this TL is back

I'm sure you like the new update in particular.

[President Johnson]

April 8, 1980

DECISION 1980: As various states hold primaries, Brown and Bentsen pull ahead, tied in delegate count

As several more states held their primaries, Jerry Brown and Lloyd Bentsen remain in a tight battle for the Democratic nomination. Reubin Askew meanwhile falls further back.

Arizona
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 45.5%
Jerry Brown: 31.9%
Reubin Askew: 20.6%

Alaska
✓ Jerry Brown: 57.1%
Reubin Askew: 23.3%
Lloyd Bentsen: 19.1%

Idaho
✓ Jerry Brown: 38.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 37.0%
Reubin Askew: 22.8%

Hawaii
✓ Jerry Brown: 66.5%
Reubin Askew: 19.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 14.0%

Utah
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 51.1%
Reubin Askew: 27.1%
Jerry Brown: 20.2%

Washington
✓ Jerry Brown: 54.0%
Lloyd Bentsen: 30.4%
Reubin Askew: 12.7%

Wisconsin
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 42.5%
Jerry Brown: 40.6%
Reubin Askew: 16.4%

Wyoming
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 58.8%
Reubin Askew: 21.0%
Jerry Brown: 19.9%



Jerry Brown: ~25% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~25% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~ 5% of delegates
John Glenn: ~2% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~1% of delegates


April 9, 1980

BREAKING: Reubin Askew suspends campaign, declines to endorse Brown or Bentsen



After failing to win a single contest in the early April contests, former Florida governor Reubin Askew has officially suspended his campaign for the Democratic nomination. “We have to realize that there is little chance to succeed”, the Florida politician told supporters back home in Tallahassee, “therefore, I’m no longer a candidate”. Askew declined to comment on whether he’d favor Brown or Bentsen for his party’s nomination but said he’d support the nominee “full steam ahead” and warned of a potential Reagan presidency. “Republicans have made a turn to the hard right after Rockefeller forces surrendered”, he remarked. Askew started off as a promising hopeful early on who could hold the Democratic coalition together. However, he was never able to rack up enough delegates from the South as there was another strong Southern candidate in the race with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen. Bentsen previously called for Askew to withdraw in an effort stop Brown, whom both described as a risky general election candidate. In the course of this battle over the status as leading Southerner, insiders describe some “bad blood” between the two contenders and the actual reason Askew hasn’t endorsed Bentsen.

In case of a Brown nomination, Askew is publically seen as a potential vice presidential choice. Brown declined to comment on the issue, but expressed respect for Askew’s decision to exit the race. Bentsen’s office wasn’t available for a comment at the time.


April 10, 1980: Senator Frank Church endorses Brown for president



California governor Jerry Brown gained an important endorsement in his bid for the presidency: Senator Frank Church (D-ID) has declared his support for the Brown campaign. “At a critical time for our nation and as we enter a new decade, I believe Jerry Brown is providing the kind of new leadership America needs now”, the high-profile lawmaker told various newspapers. Church is expected to stump the campaign trail for Brown in the coming weeks as potentially decisive primary contests are being held. Brown responded by saying he’d look forward to work with Church should he win the White House later that year. Church has proposed numerous reforms of intelligence services and new transparence laws for which Brown has voiced strong support. However, Church is in a tough reelection battle for the senate this year, which has led to speculation Brown might offer him a position in his administration.


April 13, 1980: White House reportedly weighs in military options to free hostages in Iran



Months after American hostage were taken in Iran, the Ford Administration apparently weighs into military solutions to free the employees of the now closed embassy. Sources report that Secretary of State Richard Nixon is a major proponent of such a solution. Nixon already threatened the new Iranian regime with severe consequences should any of the hostages get injured or even killed. Meanwhile, Vice President William Scranton and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger cotninue to seek a solution through diplomacy and a sanction regime. However, it's been reported that President Gerald Ford has grown increasingly frustrated and a recent Pentgan visit by the commander-in-chief himself has fueled speculation over military options.

Days before, former Secretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach, who served in Nixon's position from 1969 to 1973 under President Johnson, was sent as special envoy to Egypt to meet with Soviet and Iranian representatives. It's being reported that the president will make a final decision based on Katzenbach's efforts.

In a statement, presumptive Republican nominee Ronald Reagan has expressed strong support for a military solution and in the past critcized Ford for not taking more aggressive action. Democratic hopefuls have urged caution on the matter; Jerry Brown warned of a potential regional war that could become another quagmire. One thing became evident: Time was running out and one way or the other, President Ford would like to see this resolved before leaving office.


All images Wikimedia Commons (PD)

[President Johnson]

April 19, 1980: Governor Robert F. Kennedy endorses Brown ahead of New York primary



Days ahead of New York's critical presidential primary, Jerry Brown wins another big endorsement in his bid for the Democratic nomination. New York Governor and former Vice President Robert Kennedy officially announced his support for Brown. "Jerry Brown has demonstrated that he can lead a major state in the union with efficiency and passion. He's guided by the philosophy that we leave a better America behind than he inherited", the governor said. "Therefore, I will cast my vote for Governor Brown". The endorsement comes at a moment Brown is in a bitter contest with Texas senator Lloyd Bentsen after Reubin Askew withdrew.

Kennedy has remained a big name in Democratic politics after his narrow loss to Nelson Rockefeller in 1972. Despite calls to run again in 1976 and 1980, Kennedy declined and instead focused on his homestate by choice, New York. He represented the state in the senate between 1965 and 1969 before serving as Lyndon Johnson's vice president during the latters final term in office. Kennedy was elected governor in 1974 and reelected in 1978. As governor, Kennedy has implemented a number of progressive reforms and - ironically - continued several policies of Nelson Rockefeller. However, he became a target for Republicans after softening the Rockefeller drug laws in his first term. Kennedy said he'll soon decide whether to seek a third term in 1982. So far, US Senator and former lt. governor Mario Cuomo has indicated interest in the position should Kennedy leave office after his second term.


April 22, 1980

BREAKING: Brown easily wins New York primary! Bentsen to continue bid




New York Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 60.9%
Lloyd Bentsen: 37.9%

As soon as polls closed, Jerry Brown was declared the winner of New York's Democratic primary, having secured just over 60% of the vote. Brown carried all NYC boroughs but Staten Island by wide margin, especially the Bronx with 88% support. Brown also narrowly carried Upstate by running up margins around Albany and Erie County. In his victory speech, the California governor claimed to have the "big momentum on his side" and thanked supporters for their efforts.

Meanwhile, Bentsen left the state earlier in the afternoon and cited his senate duties. Back in Washington, Bentsen congratulated his rival but emphasized that "the fight isn't over at all". "I'll continue my bid because in the end it comes down who can beat Reagan. I can", the senator told reporters. Nevertheless, Brown has pulled ahead in delegate count at this point and can expect to net several more delegates from California alone.




Jerry Brown: ~28% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~25% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~ 5% of delegates
John Glenn: ~1% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~1% of delegates


All images Wikimedia Commons (PD)

[President Johnson]

April 29, 1980

DECISION 1980: Brown wins more delegates, Bentsen remains competitive

Connecticut
✓ Jerry Brown: 59.5%
Lloyd Bentsen: 40.0%

Delaware
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 55.5%
Jerry Brown: 42.9%

Maryland
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 57.7%
Jerry Brown: 41.6%

Pennsylvania
✓ Jerry Brown: 52.8%
Lloyd Bentsen: 47.0%

Rhode Island
✓ Jerry Brown: 64.8%
Lloyd Bentsen: 32.7%


The tone between Brown and Bentsen gets harsher

The Democratic primaries for president remain to be competitive between Governor Jerry Brown of California and Texas senator Lloyd Bentsen. The 42 year old two-term governor of the largest state has accomplished a stunning political uprise in just a few short years. With just one rival remaining for the nomination as president, Brown has done what few expected even after his upset win in the 1974 gubernatorial race. During his White House bid, Brown has constantly stressed the need for a fresh, new face and proposed various reforms similar to his record in California. Meanwhile, Bentsen again repeatedly warned Democratic voters that Brown is too young for the job and lacks foreign policy experience. He also cast doubt whether he could beat presumptive Republican nominee Ronald Reagan, his predesscor in Sacramento. "Look, I know you of y'all find Brown an exicting guy", Bentsen said hours after polls in the April 29 primaries closed, "but our party needs a standard bearer who can beat Mr. Reagan and the Republicans. And who has the knowledge to govern." Brown immediately rebutted the attacks: "Senator Bentsen wants to talk about experience? Wow! What jurisdiction or organization has he run other than a senate office? I've been governing a state. The largest in the nation. You really want to talk about experience? I'm happy to do that! But you have rejected a debate, senator!", Brown told an excited crowd in Philiadelphia.




Jerry Brown: ~34% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~29% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~ 4% of delegates
John Glenn: ~1% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~1% of delegates


April 30, 1980: New Gallup polls

President Ford job approval
Approve: 56% ▲
Disapprove: 39% ▼


Presidential election

Jerry Brown (D): 44%
Ronald Reagan: (R): 48%

Lloyd Bentsen (D): 46%
Ronald Reagan (R): 47%

[President Johnson]

May 6, 1980

DECISION 1980: Bentsen takes Indiana, stalling Brown momentum



Indiana Democratic Primary
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 62.3%
Jerry Brown: 36.0%



Jerry Brown: ~34% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~30% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~ 4% of delegates
John Glenn: ~1% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~1% of delegates


A huge sign of relief for the Bentsen campaign: The Texas senator scored an easy win in the Indiana Democratic primary, cutting into the California governor's increasing delegate lead. Bentsen's victory came a five day intense bus tour through the state in the final days before ballots were cast and just after winning an endorsement from Senator Birch Bayh, a big name in local politics. On his campaign stumps, Bentsen riled up supporters and warned a Brown nomination would hand the presidency to Reagan, who ironically was campaigning in Indianapolis just the day before primary day. As he already secured his party's nomination, he focused on the Democrats and said Brown would be ill prepared to lead the United States in a time of increasing tension with the USSR. Brown for his part has already turned attention on West Virginia, Kentucky and Oregon.


May 13, 1980

DECISION 1980: Bentsen further cuts into Brown lead by taking West Virginia and Kentucky



Kentucky
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 63.5%
Jerry Brown: 35.1%

West Virginia
✓ Lloyd Bentsen: 67.9%
Jerry Brown: 26.3%
Robert Byrd (write in): 6.1%

Another success for Lloyd Bentsen: He easily won primaries in Appalachian states Kentucky and West Virginia. Although Jerry Brown campaigned in both states, he was always considered an underdog here as Bentsen, a southerner, was seen a better cultural fit for Democratic voters. Speaking to supporters and volunteers in Lexington, Bentsen stressed again how the results demonstrated his electablity. "Y'all think Governor Brown is gonna win here in November? I don't!", he told the crowd, who responded with "We don't! We don't!" chores.

A spokesman for the Brown campaign dismissed Bentsen's remarks, saying Brown would work hard to earn hearts and minds all across the nation. "Senator Bentsen repeadetly stresses electablity, and he's still down in delegates. His campaign doesn't offer much beyond that", the governor himself told a reporter back in Sacramento for some state-releated business and ahead of the Oregon primary.


May 20, 1980

DECISION 1980: Brown secures Oregon



Oregon Democratic Primary
✓ Jerry Brown: 61.0%
Lloyd Bentsen: 35.6%



Jerry Brown: ~36% of delegates
Lloyd Bentsen: ~32% of delegates
Reubin Askew: ~ 3% of delegates
John Glenn: ~1% of delegates
Walter Mondale: ~1% of delegates


Hardly a surprise, Jerry Brown won Oregon's Democratic presidential primary. Voters of his neighboring state chose him by a 25 point margin over Lloyd Bentsen, the last remaining rival for the nomination. At a rally in Eugene, Oregon, Brown told supporters and the press that "we're now so close to the nomination, it's going to be damn hard to take it from us". His remarks are a reference to the upcoming California primary, which he is expected to win by a large margin. A Gallup survey found 64% support for Brown among Democratic voters and just 23% support for Bentsen.


May 22, 1980: Scranton-Reagan fundraiser raises questions about ticket prospects




Houston, Texas was suddenly in political news: Vice President William Scranton paid a routine visit to the Texan metro for a number of visits and a Republican fundraiser. His party's presumptive nominee, Ronald Reagan, was in Dallas for a campaign stop and suddely changed his travel schedule to Houston for a meeting with the vice president. The two men met at Scranton's hotel suite in Downtown Houston for a personal conversation before they attended the fundraiser. There were no photos taken from inside and Reagan reportedly only gave a five minute impromptu speech and introduced the vice president for his 45 minute speech on a wide range of issues.

Neither the vice president's office nor the Reagan campaign gave much details about the gatherings. Reagan only told a reporter that it was "a very good dialogue among friends", Scranton praised Reagan's outreach and declined further comment. The sudden meeting and their apparent secrecy about the conversation quickly led reporters to speculation about a potential role of Scranton in the fall campaign and a position in a possible Reagan Administration. A number of news outlets suggested Reagan may consider Scranton as vice presidential running mate. The Pennsylvanian would balance the ticket both geographically and ideologicaly. A moderate Republican, he would appeal to former Rockefeller backers who may reconsider voting Republican with the conservative Reagan. Although Reagan has begun courting "Rockefeller Republicans" and lately praised President Ford's efforts to cut spending and free Iran hostages, many moderate Republicans are still skeptical of him. A May Gallup poll found that 34% of Republican-registered voters who supported Nelson Rockefeller's reelection in 1976 are open to vote Democratic, 21% even said their mind is made up to vote for Brown or Bentsen. However, 85% of self described conservantives back Reagan; only 64% would have supported Ford in a general election.

William Scranton served as governor of Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1967 and was appointed UN Ambassador in 1973 by President Nelson Rockefeller. As such, he quickly gave the position more influence over foreign policy and arose to a critical advisor within the administration, working closely together with Secretary of State Richard Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger. After Gerald Ford's elevation to the presidency in May 1979, he nominated Scranton to be vice president under the 25th Amendment. Scranton's nomination was not well received among conservative Republicans; howerver, he was ultimately confirmed by overwhelming majorities in congress and sworin into office. Although personaly popular and of high integrity, political observers increasingly saw him as a placeholder regardless of Ford's fate and was expected to be replaced by a more conservative nominee. With President Ford's unexpected exit, political winds have shifted and Reagan is now the one in need for a more moderate running mate. Furthermore, Scranton would bring critical foreign policy experience to Reagan's ticket and assure supporters of detente that a Reagan Administration wouldn't change course too drastically.


May 31, 1980: New Gallup polls

President Ford job approval
Approve: 57% ▲
Disapprove: 38% ▼


Presidential election

Jerry Brown (D): 45%
Ronald Reagan: (R): 47%

Lloyd Bentsen (D): 45%
Ronald Reagan (R): 45%

[President Johnson]

List of Presidents:
36. Lyndon B. Johnson (Until January 20, 1973)
37. Nelson Rockefeller (January 20, 1973-May 17, 1979)
38. Gerald Ford (May 17, 1979-Present)

Also, Bobby Kennedy survived here and was vice president from 1969 to 1973, replacing Hubert Humphrey. He narrowly lost the 1972 election to Nelson Rockefeller and was elected governor of New York in 1974 and reelected in 1978.