The liberal Republic

[President Johnson]

March 7, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Super Tuesday! All three Democratic candidates win key races; Reagan carries most contests, Rockefeller second, Agnew wins no states ★★★





Democratic Contests



Alabama
✓ George Wallace: 80.6%
Hubert Humphrey: 10.2%
Robert F. Kennedy: 7.8%

Alaska
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 47.8%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42.3%
George Wallace: 7.0%

Arkansas
✓ George Wallace: 51.0%
Robert F. Kennedy: 30.1%
Hubert Humphrey: 18.3%

Colorado
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 50.1%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41.3%
George Wallace: 7.7%

Georgia
✓ George Wallace: 45.6%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38.7%
Hubert Humphrey: 16.6%

Kansas
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 45.1%
Robert F. Kennedy: 34.7%
George Wallace: 19.9%

Kentucky
✓ George Wallace: 36.8%
Robert F. Kennedy: 33.3%
Hubert Humphrey: 29.3%

Louisiana
✓ George Wallace: 60.4%
Robert F. Kennedy: 22.6%
Hubert Humphrey: 17.0%

Maine
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 47.2%
Hubert Humphrey: 43.4%
George Wallace: 8.1%

Massachusetts
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 85.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 8.9%
George Wallace: 2.8%

Minnesota
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 61.3%
Robert F. Kennedy: 31.9%
George Wallace: 6.0%

North Dakota
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 49.3%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42.7%
George Wallace: 6.5%

Oklahoma
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 37.5%
George Wallace: 33.8%
Hubert Humphrey: 27.9%

Tennessee
✓ George Wallace: 46.4%
Robert F. Kennedy: 32.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 21.1%

Texas
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 38.8%
George Wallace: 31.0%
Hubert Humphrey: 29.6%

Vermont
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 53.3%
Hubert Humphrey: 40.2%
George Wallace: 5,3%

Virginia
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 33.0%
George Wallace: 32.4%
Hubert Humphrey: 31.6%

Wyoming
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 42.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 38.3%
George Wallace: 19.0%

All three remaining Democratic candidates manage to win states, mostly those they were expected to be ahead. After underperforming in Iowa and New Hampshire, Vice President Kennedy picks up the most delegates on this Super Tuesday. In an upset, he won in Texas and Virginia. The latter went extremely close into RFK’s column, with each contender winning roughly a third of the vote. Senator Humphrey did well in the Midwest and the Great Plains, as he enjoys high support among farmers in these regions. He also pulled it off in Alaska, though that states awards just few delegates. George Wallace mostly keeps his southern base also won states in the Upper South such as Kentucky. He received some fair numbers in rural states as well, but struggles in New England to win substantial support.

As of March 7, 1972, the Democratic primary map looks as follows:

Robert F. Kennedy: ~ 15% of delegates
Hubert Humphrey: ~ 13% of delegates
George Wallace: ~ 9% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)
 

Republican Contests



Alabama
✓ Ronald Reagan: 60.7%
Nelson Rockefeller: 28.8%
Spiro Agnew: 11.1%

Alaska
✓ Ronald Reagan: 45.0%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40.8%
Spiro Agnew: 11.1%

Arkansas
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 43.3%
Ronald Reagan: 42.8%
Spiro Agnew: 12.4%

Colorado
✓ Ronald Reagan: 48.0%
Nelson Rockefeller: 36.9%
Spiro Agnew: 14.6%

Georgia
✓ Ronald Reagan: 54.7%
Nelson Rockefeller: 34.3%
Spiro Agnew: 13.1%

Kansas
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 40.7%
Ronald Reagan: 38.5%
Spiro Agnew: 20.4%

Kentucky
✓ Ronald Reagan: 37.2%
Spiro Agnew: 32.8%
Nelson Rockefeller: 29.6%

Louisiana
✓ Ronald Reagan: 52.1%
Nelson Rockefeller: 38.0%
Spiro Agnew: 10.4%

Maine
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 62.0%
Ronald Reagan: 25.9%
Spiro Agnew: 11.8%

Massachusetts
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 70.8%
Spiro Agnew: 15.8%
Ronald Reagan: 13.0%

Minnesota
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 41.2%
Ronald Reagan: 41.0%
Spiro Agnew: 17.6%

North Dakota
✓ Ronald Reagan: 39.3%
Nelson Rockefeller: 37.0%
Spiro Agnew: 23.3%

Oklahoma
✓ Ronald Reagan: 43.5%
Nelson Rockefeller: 35.8%
Spiro Agnew: 20.9%

Tennessee
✓ Ronald Reagan: 45.7%
Nelson Rockefeller: 27.0%
Spiro Agnew: 26.3%

Texas
✓ Ronald Reagan: 40.7%
Nelson Rockefeller: 33.8%
Spiro Agnew: 24.2%

Vermont
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 65.1%
Ronald Reagan: 20.6%
Spiro Agnew: 13.8%

Virginia
✓ Ronald Reagan: 36.7%
Spiro Agnew: 31.9%
Nelson Rockefeller: 31.1%

Wyoming
✓ Ronald Reagan: 44.0%
Nelson Rockefeller: 34.8%
Spiro Agnew: 20.8%

Ronald Reagan sweeps the South and most of the Great Plains! The Gipper is the victor of the day, as he carries most states that voted. As the Reagan campaign gains momentum, Governor Paul Laxalt, a supporter, told the press: “Let me conclude one thing: The results show Governor Reagan’s broad appeal across the country. He’s the most competitive GOP candidate for November.” Meanwhile, the Rockefeller campaign downplayed the results and pointed out that Rocky won all states he was supposed to take plus Kansas, Minnesota and Arkansas, where his brother Winthrop is governor. The candidate’s supporter George Romney said at a television appearance: “As the primaries soon move to the large industrial states, I believe Nelson Rockefeller will win a large junk of the delegates. He has definitely a path to at least 50% of the pledged delegates”. For Spiro Agnew, the day was a disappointment. So far, he exceeded expectations by winning larger portions of the vote than expected before voting began. Nevertheless, the Maryland governor wasn’t able win any state so far, what puts him under increasing pressure. But he confirmed, he will continue his campaign. Some journalists and Maryland Republicans suggested Agnew may become the nominee if the convention ends up in a deadlock between Reagan and Rockefeller. Both Reagan and Rockefeller rejected this analysis. “It is either Governor Rockefeller or myself”, the Gipper remarked.

As of March 7, 1972, the Republican primary map looks as follows:

Ronald Reagan: ~ 24% of delegates
Nelson Rockefeller: ~ 11% of delegates
Spiro Agnew: ~ 2% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)

[President Johnson]

March 14, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: RFK wins three more states, Wallace one; Reagan ahead in three contests, Rockefeller wins important Michigan primary ★★★

Voters on both sides headed to the polls in Hawaii, Idaho, Michigan and Mississippi. The results are as follows:

Democratic contests

Hawaii
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 54.2%
Hubert Humphrey: 41.8%
George Wallace: 3.9%

Idaho
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 44.1%
Hubert Humphrey: 39.6%
George Wallace: 15.8%

Michigan
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 47.9%
Hubert Humphrey: 47.5%
George Wallace: 4.4%

Mississippi
✓ George Wallace: 60.1%
Robert F. Kennedy: 24.7%
Hubert Humphrey: 14.3%

Vice President Kennedy emerges victorious in three out of four contests on this day. Most important is his win in Michigan, where he received strong African American support around Detroit, that pulled him ahead of Senator Humphrey, who received many votes from blue collar workers. George Wallace was not able to gain much support in northern states, though he won Mississippi by wide margin. RFK now expanded his delegate lead over Humphrey.


Republican contests

Hawaii
✓ Ronald Reagan: 40.7%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40.0%
Spiro Agnew: 19.7%

Idaho
✓ Ronald Reagan: 49.7%
Nelson Rockefeller: 36.7%
Spiro Agnew: 13.0%

Michigan
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 59.8%
Ronald Reagan: 24.6%
Spiro Agnew: 15.5%

Mississippi
✓ Ronald Reagan: 57.1%
Nelson Rockefeller: 30.8%
Spiro Agnew: 10.7%

Ronald Reagan once more proved his electability in the South as well as in rural states where he won pretty easily. Surprisingly, he was also able to edge out a narrow victory in Hawaii. The biggest prize of the day, however, was Michigan, where Nelson Rockefeller could celebrate a decisive win. He was largely supported by urban voters (he won 90% in Detroit), blue collar workers as well as blacks. The endorsement of popular former governor George Romney, who campaigned for Rocky, also played a role in the New York Governor's victory. Spiro Agnew came in third in all four races, raising speculation that he soon might leave the race.


March 15, 1972: Spiro Agnew is out! Now it's REAGAN vs. ROCKEFELLER



"We worked hard, but it wasn't enough after all", said Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew upon leaving the race for the GOP presidential nomination, leaving Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller as the only remaining contenders

"We ran a decent campaign from the middle", Governor Agnew told his supports back in Maryland, "but it is now clear, that Republican voters are heavily divided between my distinguished colleagues Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan. One of these two will be the nominee. [...] I shall be neutral for the rest of the primary season and I urge each of my supporters to take a look at these two men and make their own judgement. In the end, it comes down to beat Kennedy and Humphrey. Thank you very much". Agnew hoped to position himself as the man acceptable for both wings of the party by running on a pro-civil rights, law and order and "lean government without leaving the needy behind" platform. Obviously, despite winning decent voter shares in some states, he was overshadowed by Reagan and Rockefeller. Despite dropping out now, Agnew made his name well known across the country and political pundits wrote he might be a good vice presidential pick for either of the two remaining competitors or may also take an important cabinet post in a future Republican administration.

Now that he is out, it remains to be seen where is voters and more importantly, his delegates, will go in the end. A brief poll made the next day by Gallup among Agnew supporters showed that exactly 40% each support Rockefeller and Reagan. Now, with two candidates remaining, it seems like the Republican primaries are a true nail biter between Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller. And this battle may define the party for years if not decades to come.

[President Johnson]

March 21, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Super Tuesday II: Humphrey wins key races, Wallace ahead in the South; Rockefeller gains ground in industrial Mid-West and upsets Reagan in Florida ★★★

The press spoke of a "Second Super Tuesday", as voters headed to the polls to cast their ballots for a party candidate in several more states.




Democratic contests

Arizona
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 46.8%
Hubert Humphrey: 39.1%
George Wallace: 14.0%

District of Columbia
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 81.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 17.5%
George Wallace: 0.9%

Florida
✓ George Wallace: 36.4%
Robert F. Kennedy: 33.3%
Hubert Humphrey: 30.0%

Illinois
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 46.5%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43.2%
George Wallace: 10.2%

Missouri
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 38.1%
Hubert Humphrey: 34.8%
George Wallace: 27.0%

North Carolina
✓ George Wallace:34.7%
Hubert Humphrey: 34.1%
Robert F. Kennedy: 30.9%

Ohio
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 48.0%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43.5%
George Wallace: 8.3%

Utah
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 52.2%
Robert F. Kennedy: 35.9%
George Wallace: 11.7%



Senator Hubert Humphrey talks to the press after winning important primaries. "We have a decent shot at the nomination", he remarked

The winner of the day on the Democratic side is Hubert Humphrey. After setbacks in the last few races the senator and former vice president managed to win important primaries in the Mid-West and the West. Members of the Kennedy campaign already hoped they could lock up the nomination for the vice president, but Humphrey's popularity among blue collar workers in the mid-west and the strong backing of unions gave him the newest streak of wins. Although RFK received strong support from African American communities, it was not enough to stop HHH, whose campaign now also begun to reach out to blacks, pointing out his strong support for civil rights. Surprisingly, Humphrey came in a close second in North Carolina, where he missed just a few hundred votes to come within a half percentage point to demand a recount. In addition to North Carolina, George Wallace also won in Florida, a state, where Vice President Kennedy hoped to pull off a similar victory like in Virginia, where he narrowly won with each contender getting a third of the vote.

As of late March, the nomination is still undecided, though Governor Wallace has de facto no chance anymore to win at the convention floor. The only thing he can do is preventing RFK and HHH from winning the necessary 50% of delegates and play the kingmaker (assuming neither of the two frontrunners quits before).

The state of the Democratic race so far looks like this:

Robert F. Kennedy: ~ 23% of delegates
Hubert Humphrey: ~ 19% of delegates
George Wallace: ~ 16% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)


Republican contests

Arizona
✓ Ronald Reagan: 60.4%
Nelson Rockefeller: 37.7%

District of Columbia
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 86.8%
Ronald Reagan: 12.7%

Florida
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 51.5%
Ronald Reagan: 48.2%

Illinois
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 59.5%
Ronald Reagan: 40.1%

Missouri
✓ Ronald Reagan: 51.3%
Nelson Rockefeller: 48.5%

North Carolina
✓ Ronald Reagan: 53.5%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45.3%

Ohio
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 58.6%
Ronald Reagan: 41.4%

Utah
✓ Ronald Reagan: 63.2%
Nelson Rockefeller: 36.6%



A smiling Nelson Rockefeller in the midst of a crowd of supporters, celebrating his upset win in Florida and the victories in other key states

Anybody who wrote off Nelson Rockefeller after a series of defeat proofed to be wrong on this day. As the primaries moved to the Mid-West, Rocky secured relatively easy wins over Ronald Reagan due to his staunch support from most unions as well as African Americans (those voting in the Republican primaries). The biggest upset, however, came in Florida, where Rockefeller defeated Reagan by a close margin. All polls had him trailing in the Sunshine State by at least six or seven points, but as the results came in, it became evident, that the New York Governor would emerge victorious. Rockefeller campaign aides claimed the results demonstrates, that their hopeful was very well able to win elections in the South. Ronald Reagan congratulated his opponent and said he still believes, he's going to be the nominee. The Gipper also got three less significant triumphs this day: He won Missouri, Utah and North Carolina.


As of March 21, the Republican map looks like this:

Ronald Reagan: ~ 33% of delegates
Nelson Rockefeller: ~ 27% of delegates
Spiro Agnew: ~ 3% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)


March 27, 1972: Henry Kissinger leaves White House and joins Rockefeller campaign



Henry Kissinger delivers a brief speech before leaving the White House... he now wants to help Nelson Rockefeller winning the presidency

"It was a great honor to serve President Johnson in the past two and a half years", remarked Henry Kisinger upon leaving government, "now it is time for me to focus on a new task. I want to help my old mentor and friend, Governor Rockefeller, winning the presidency. Therefore, I will depart from the White House. At least for now."

After serving President Lyndon Johnson for over two years, Henry Kissinger left his post as foreign policy advisor and returns to his old mentor Nelson Rockefeller. He joins the campaign as foreign policy advisor. Should Rocky win the Oval Office, it is certain that Mr. Kissinger will be part of the team. The New York Times listed him as the most likely Secretary of State under a President Rockefeller. It is not certain whether he would play a role in a Reagan Administration, though the liberal GOP wing could demand a Kissinger appointment as concession from the Reagan camp should Rockefeller not be the nominee. Even more unlikely is a position under another Democratic president. Especially Robert Kennedy originally opposed his appointment in 1969. But President Johnson's high regard for the former Nixon aide brought him a job in the LBJ White House. Richard Nixon himself has already endorsed Rockefeller for president in January.

[President Johnson]

March 30, 1972: President Johnson presents Universal Healthcare proposal



President Johnson talking to the press after presenting the healthcare proposal

Political observers were stunned when President Lyndon Johnson in his January 1972 State of the Union Address urged congress to enact universal healthcare legislation as soon as possible. Now that he's come forward with a specific proposal that would cover all Americans with basic healthcare, he underlined the importance of this initiative. Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA), who was heavily involved in the process, said he will introduce a bill within a few weeks to the senate health committee. "We can pass this by summer", RFK's younger brother said. Ted Kennedy already pushed for such a bill in 1969, but LBJ decided to go with the ChildCare Legislation first.

Bobby Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey both endorsed the initiative and promised to continue work on the issue in any case. "If reactionary forces think they have defeated this, if it doesn't pass this year, they are wrong. I will put on top of my agenda as your president", Vice President remarked at a Wisconsin rally. George Wallace said he's open to "more benefits for the needy", but said he wants to see the entire bill before taking a final stance.

On the Republican side, Governor Rockefeller said he thinks passage this year is unlikely, but added: "Healthcare for all is a wonderful idea. As president, I will come up with a plan that covers everyone but is economically and fiscally sound. And I will get it done in a bipartisan way." Governor Reagan denounced the initiative as "another step towards socialized medicine". He promised that he will make changes to the tax code that would allow every citizen coverage.


March 31, 1972: A ton of new polls! Released by Gallup

While President Johnson's approval rating remains stable at over 50%, Hubert Humphrey narrows the gap to Bobby Kennedy's top position. Almost a fourth of Democrats want George Wallace as their candidate. On the Republican side, both Governor Reagan and Rockefeller poll almost even at 46% and 44%, respectively, but short of a majority. One in ten GOP voters remain undecided. In the general election polls, there is a shift towards the Democratic candidates. Even George Wallace now polls even with the remaining Republican contenders. However, with several more primaries to go, the race is still wide open.


President Johnson job approval
Approve: 52%
Disapprove: 43%


Polls for the 1972 presidential race

Democratic Party presidential nomination

Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Senator Hubert Humphrey: 34%
Former Governor George Wallace: 23%
Undecided: 5%


Republican Party presidential nomination

Governor Ronald Reagan: 46%
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Undecided: 10%


General election match-ups

Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Ronald Reagan: 42%

Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%


Hubert Humphrey: 47%
Ronald Reagan: 43%

Hubert Humphrey: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%


George Wallace: 44%
Ronald Reagan: 44%

George Wallace: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%


April 4, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Humphrey and Rockefeller come in first in Wisconsin ★★★


Wisconsin Democratic Primary
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 52.0%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40.3%
George Wallace: 7.5%

A state in Mid-West where the electorate consists a lot of blue collar workers and unions are strong is just the perfect fit for Senator Humphrey, who wins with a clear majority in Wisconsin.


Wisconsin Republican Primary
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 55.2%
Ronald Reagan: 43.6%
Spiro Agnew: 1.0%

As several unions endorsed Nelson Rockefeller, a lot of blue collar workers voted for the New York governor. The Gipper hoped for a close race due to strong turnout in rural areas, but countryside turnout was below expectations due to harsh weather. A clear and important win for Team Rockefeller.

[President Johnson]

Well, there goes my prediction of Agnew coming from the center to become the nominee, and then proceed to get his scandal revealed in the general election and absolutely collapse
This is awesome, keep it up!

Thanks! I don't want to tell too much in advance, but this isn't Agnew's last appearance

[President Johnson]

April 18, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Kennedy and Rockefeller sweep to landslide victories in New York ★★★



The nation's second largest state in terms of population hold its primary this April 18. Two major candidates on both sides are from New York (though RFK is originally from Massachusetts). No surprise at all is their performance in the Empire State:

New York Democratic Primary
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 72.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 24.2%
George Wallace: 3.1%


New York Republican Primary
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 77.8%
Ronald Reagan: 21.3%

Both RFK and Rocky win overwhelmingly, capturing all delegates at stake in New York.


April 26, 1972: George Wallace says he'll "fight to the end" and refuses to rule out third-party presidential bid



Former Governor George Wallace seemingly wants to continue fighting for his cause

"I have to disappoint you, Ladies and Gentlemen", responded former Alabama governor George Wallace with a smile to a reporter, when asked whether he would drop out of the race soon. "My campaign has given voice to millions of people across this nation. I won't let them down and just turn over the entire party to Mr. Kennedy and his buddies", he added, "I will fight this through to the end. I have always been a fighter." When the reporter pointed out that his chances to capture the nomination are "slim at best", the former governor responded: "if I don't win, it will be the will of most Democratic voters, despite millions endorsed my campaign. Even though my friends at the press elite don't like it and continue to write against me."

Another journalist wanted to know whether he rules out a third party candidacy since former Governor Lester Maddox of Georgia openly floated the idea. "At the moment, my focus is on the Democratic primary voters", Mr. Wallace answered. Reporter: "That's not a No, right?" "You're going to write what you want anyway, my friend", the former governor replied with a smile.

So, a Dixiecrat general election challenge is not completely off the table. Journalists wrote that the nomination of Nelson Rockefeller would increase chances for a Dixiecrat ticket in November.


April 30, 1972: A ton of new polls! Released by Gallup

Late April 1972 polling continues to find Democrats in a strong position. The president's approval rating is robust over 50%. Political observers cite the lack of foreign crises, negotiations with the Soviets and an economic recovery, although moving on slowly, as the main reasons. Vice President Kennedy also enjoys momentum after his recent New York victory and more appearances on television. He also polls ahead of Humphrey and Wallace for the general election.

For the first time in months, Nelson Rockefeller surpassed Ronald Reagan in the national Republican nomination polls again.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 54%
Disapprove: 39%


Polls for the 1972 presidential race

Democratic Party presidential nomination

Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Senator Hubert Humphrey: 32%
Former Governor George Wallace: 19%
Undecided: 9%


Republican Party presidential nomination

Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 48%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 44%
Undecided: 8%


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 48%
Republican: 42%


General election match-ups

Robert F. Kennedy: 47%
Ronald Reagan: 41%

Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%


Hubert Humphrey: 45%
Ronald Reagan: 41%

Hubert Humphrey: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%


George Wallace: 45%
Ronald Reagan: 44%

George Wallace: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%


May 2, 1972: FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover is dead



FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover (1895 – 1972)

For a never ending 48 years J. Edgar Hoover headed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). He was admired and feared by many Americans. His secret files about private matters of several politicians are legendary, yet many politicians were afraid of the director. This May 2, 1972, news broke that he passed away at the age of 77.

President Johnson, who was personally close to Hoover, praised his record and spoke of a "tragic loss" at the White House. The president further stated he intends to nominate a successor within a few days and send the nomination to the senate for confirmation. His statement de facto eliminates Deputy Director Clyde Tolson to be the new FBI head. Tolson was very close to Hoover, and the two unmarried men even shared a home together, raising to rumors of homosexuality.

White House insiders spread claims LBJ intends to name Attorney General Ramsey Clark as new director. However, a Clark nomination was officially debunked for now.


May 2, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Indiana primary voters give Humphrey and Reagan the edge ★★★

Indiana Democratic Primary
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 45.8%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41.6%
George Wallace: 11.8%

Hubert Humphrey is back! The senator from Minnesota continues to perform well with his Mid-Western base and edges out RFK in Indiana. As some campaign staffers told the press in backroom conversations, the Kennedy team gets increasingly agonized over Humphrey and want him to drop out to focus on a general election strategy. "The vice president will capture the nomination and it is time for Senator Humphrey to leave the race", an aide said. However, RFK himself denounced the comment the next day, saying the primary season is "invigorating for our democracy."

The state of the Democratic race as of May 2, 1972 looks like this:

Robert F. Kennedy: ~ 31% of delegates
Hubert Humphrey: ~ 24% of delegates
George Wallace: ~ 16% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)


Indiana Republican Primary
✓ Ronald Reagan: 54.9%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45.0%

Indiana has always been one of the more conservative states in the Mid-West and therefore Ronald Reagan comes in first with almost 55% of the vote despite a last-minute effort by the Rockefeller campaign to make this a close one.

After the Indiana primary, the delegate count is now exactly tied between Reagan and Rockefeller. The New York governor briefly took the lead following his homestate win after he trailed badly on Super Tuesday. The Republican race, truely a dead heat, now looks as follows:

Nelson Rockefeller: ~ 35% of delegates
Ronald Reagan: ~ 35% of delegates
Spiro Agnew: ~ 3% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)


BREAKING: May 4, 1972 – ROCKEFELLER and REAGAN will DEBATE on TV!

BREAKING NEWS FROM CBS: The television age doesn’t stop at presidential politics! The Rockefeller and Reagan campaigns confirmed to CBS News that their candidates agreed to debate each other live on the air. Sponsored by the League of Women voters, the debate will be the first live televised contest for a primary. It will consist questions about all political topics. Neither candidate will know the questions in advance.

As the Republican primaries developed into a dead heat between the Rockefeller and Reagan camp, the debate is expected to take place on Wednesday, May 10, the week before Nebraska and Oregon will hold their elections.

On the Democratic side, Vice President Kennedy and Senator Humphrey also agreed to debate, but George Wallace declined. After Wallace declined, RFK also took himself out, what Humphrey criticized. He urged both to debate, and Wallace later said he would reconsider.

The Republican debate makes it likely that there will be at least one debate between the Democratic and Republican nominee in the fall. Stay tuned!

[President Johnson]

May 10, 1972

★★★ THE GREAT REPUBLICAN DEBATE: Rockefeller vs. Reagan ★★★

HOWARD K. SMITH: Alright, we have to leave it there and switch topics. I want to come to foreign policy. The Vietnam War has formally ended, yet there are reports, Hanoi might break the peace accords of Paris. Possibly within the first weeks and months of your administration. How would deal with such a crisis as president? Governor Rockefeller, you begin. GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: While I believe there are serious flaws in the Paris treaty, I don’t intend to leave it. If communists violate the accords and diplomacy fails, I will order a military response. Make no mistake about it. I won’t allow Ho’s successors to humiliate the United States at the world stage. GOVERNOR REAGAN: We have already been humiliated, Governor Rockefeller. By the Johnson government, which begged in Moscow and Beijing for assistance to settle the Vietnam issue for us. Mr. Johnson and his administration, including your friend Dr. Kissinger, has sold out American values and weakened our position because they allowed Moscow greater influence. Like Mr. Rockefeller, I wouldn’t break the Paris Peace Accords, but would respond with relentless force if the communists seek to challenge us again. That’s for sure. And I won’t allow them to take over an additional inch from free nations. HOWARD K. SMITH: The Johnson Administration has been engaged in various negotiations with the Soviets about a weapons reduction. Just a few days ago, Richard Nixon called for a continuation of these talks after the elections. What would each of you do? Governor Rockefeller? GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: I fully support Richard Nixon’s statement. I will continue to be engaged in various talks to promote peace across the globe. This will be my first priority as president. However, I won’t pay any price Moscow wants us to pay. I offer them fair talks. Not more and not less. I can promise, though, that I won’t do anything that weakens our defense. GOVERNOR REAGAN: First, I will let the Kremlin know that a new president has been elected who won’t allow them to spread communism, lawlessness and tyranny over the world. While I would open for discussions with them, I don’t believe in the theory of equal partners, when there can be no balance of power, when one of these powers is imposing its system of oppression and tyranny upon several other nations in Europe, Asia and Africa. HOWARD K. SMITH: Thank you both. We will be back after a short break. Stay with us.

[President Johnson]

Civil and individual rights



HOWARD K. SMITH: And we are back at the Republican debate for the nomination 1972. The subject of abortion has become a topic of great public awareness. What’s your take on that? Various states have implemented an abortion ban or intend to do so, what could end up before the Supreme Court. If given the opportunity, what kind of judges would you nominate?

GOVERNOR REAGAN: I fully support the right to life and don’t believe abortions should be permitted. I would a favor a national ban, though a judge has to be selected by several criteria and not by the question on his or her stance on a single issue.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: I disagree. I don’t believe the government should interfere in such private matters of people. The government has no business to do this. I don’t like abortions, but I the politicians have to right to completely restrict it. There should be ban for late-term abortions. I believe 20 weeks are appropriate. That’s what we’ve done in New York. However, I would like to point out that Governor Reagan signed an abortion bill in 1967 shortly after taking office, that permits abortions.

GOVERNOR REAGAN: That is correct. And I sincerely regret signing this bill. But let us not distract from the difference between Governor Rockefeller and myself on this topic.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: It is important though when it comes leadership qualities. You said, you were inexperienced when the bill came to your desk. Sir, I just like remind you that we are running for the biggest job in the world. You have to be prepared from Day 1 after you come in. There is no room for error. I believe that I can provide that kind of leadership with my broad experience in government and business.

[…]

Individual topics and closing statements

HOWARD K. SMITH: Now, looking at the nomination battle, it is obvious that there is a great division within your party. Both of you are receiving an almost equal level of support. Doesn’t this underline the necessity that the ultimate nominee choses the other one as his running mate?

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: [Laughs] I have always said that I don’t want to be vice president of anything. I also don’t believe in talking about this in advance. It will be up the nominee to determine is question upon his selection by the delegates. If I win the nomination, I will carefully look at several talented politicians for the second spot. That is likely to include Governor Reagan, though there is no automatism.

GOVERNOR REAGAN: I strongly agree with Governor Rockefeller’s remarks. The only thing I want to add is that he or she must be prepared to take over if necessary and work well together with the president. Whether Governor Rockefeller is considered for the vice president's office has to be seen if I get the nomination.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Thank you. Let’s come to the closing statements. Governor Reagan, you begin. Then Governor Rockefeller.

GOVERNOR REAGAN: Ladies and Gentlemen: Over the past few years, we have seen a dramatic increase in the federal government’s size, taxes that go through the roof, a weakened national defense and a declining U.S. stance in the world. Today, I came before you to offer a different path that will allow us to regain true national greatness. By getting government out of your lives and limit it to these functions the founding fathers intended to. Despite his good intentions, I believe the proposals by Governor Rockefeller will not reverse this course that is so necessary in order to prosper again and stand tall at the world stage. I have specific plans for America to be that shining city upon a hill again. Together, let’s move forward and work for this America. Thank you very much, god bless you and god bless America.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: My fellow Americans and dear Republicans: The next election will determine who will be the president leading us into the third century of our great American experience. I want this future to be one of prosperity, peace and freedom. I believe that I can provide this kind of leadership we need to achieve these goals, by finding pragmatic solutions that leaves nobody behind. Government ought to be servant of the people. To promote economic growth, provide safe homes and streets, protecting individual rights, and being engaged in the world through spreading democracy and our values. Thank you for your interest. God bless you and god bless and America.


HOWARD K. SMITH: That was our debate for the Republican nomination battle. I hope we could bring you the candidates a bit closer and make it easier for you to make decision at the ballot boy, if you haven’t already. Thank you for your interest in our program and good night.


May 12, 1972

Polling Special: Post-debate Gallup-Polls

Gallup took a few post-debate polls, to interview Republican voters upon the two governors performances.


Republican presidential nomination

Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 46%
Undecided: 5%


Questions

Question: Who you think won the debate over all?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 40%
Undecided or tie: 18%


Question: Who won the argument abou the economy and taxes?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 38%
Undecided or tie: 17%


Question: Who do you think won the argument over healthcare?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 35%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 35%
Undecided or tie: 30%


Question: Who you think won the debate over foreign policy?
Governor Ronald Reagan: 50%
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Undecided or tie: 8%


Question: Who do you think won the argument over individual rights?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 40%
Undecided or tie: 13%


Question: Who do you think brings more experience to table and has the better administrative skills?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 59%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 33%
Undecided or tie: 8%


Question: Who did you find more authentic and likeable?
Governor Ronald Reagan: 51%
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Undecided or tie: 9%


Question: Who you think is better able to win the general election?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 40%
Undecided or tie: 14%


Question to Rockefeller supports only: Do you think Nelson Rockefeller should offer Ronald Reagan the vice presidential nomination if nominated?
Yes: 43%
No: 40%
Unsure: 17%


Question to Reagan supports only: Do you think Ronald Reagan should offer Nelson Rockefeller the vice presidential nomination if nominated?
Yes: 40%
No: 35%
Unsure: 25%


Question to Rockefeller supports only: Would you support Ronald Reagan if he is nominated?
Yes, definitely: 32%
Lean yes: 28%
Lean no: 24%
Definitely not: 16%


Question to Reagan supports only: Would you support Nelson Rockefeller if he is nominated?
Yes, definitely: 29%
Lean yes: 34%
Lean no: 25%
Definitely not: 12%

[President Johnson]

May 16, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Humphrey and Reagan secure victories in Nebraska and Oregon, Rocky wins West Virginia ★★★

May 16, 1972 saw three smaller states holding their primaries.


Democratic contests

Nebraska
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 55.3%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38.5%
George Wallace: 6.1%

Oregon
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 48.1%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44.6%
George Wallace: 7.0%

West Virginia
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 53.7%
Robert F. Kennedy: 23.4%
George Wallace: 22.8%

Another three important wins for Hubert Humphrey. Had he lost both of these states, it would have been almost impossible to stop RFK anymore, but as he won, the RFK camp is still not over the top. Especially the vice president's performance in West Virginia was disappointing for his team, though RFK hopes to lock up the nomination after the primaries next week.


Republican contests

Nebraska
✓ Ronald Reagan: 57.3%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42.5%

Oregon
✓ Ronald Reagan: 52.8%
Nelson Rockefeller: 47.0%

West Virginia
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 66.8%
Ronald Reagan: 32.6%

Reagan's wins in Nebraska and Oregon came not a surprise, though he underperformed most polls. The results give him a narrow edge over Nelson Rockefeller, who handily won in West Virginia, in the total delegate count again, but he's still not near the nomination.


May 19, 1972: Senate confirms President Johnson's nomination of Mark Felt to be FBI Director



Mark Felt, the new FBI Director

Already on May 4, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated FBI Associate Director Mark Felt to be the next director after long-time incumbent J. Edgar Hoover passed away earlier this month. Felt has been named Associate Director in 1971 by the president and now won his trust to lead the bureau for the next years. On May 19, 1972, the senate confirmed the nomination with 91 to 8 votes in favor. The nomination was also supported by Vice President Kennedy and Senator Humphrey.


May 23, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: North Atlantic primaries: Kennedy close to nomination; Rockefeller gains in light of big triumphs ★★★

Five more states voted today as the primary season nears its decisive phase.


Democratic contests

Connecticut
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 57.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 40.4%
George Wallace: 2.1%

Delaware
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 50.3%
Hubert Humphrey: 40.3%
George Wallace: 9.0%

Maryland
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 44.5%
Hubert Humphrey: 35.2%
George Wallace: 20.1%

Pennsylvania
✓ Hubert Humphrey: 51.9%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44.7%
George Wallace: 3.1%

Rhode Island
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 61.1%
Hubert Humphrey: 38.9%
George Wallace: not on ballot

Despite Hubert Humphrey won the biggest prize of the day, Pennsylvania, Robert Kennedy managed to carry all other states on this May 23. Including his uncommitted delegates, he is now the only candidate who has still a direct path to win at least 50% of the delegate count. Although only 4% of the delegate count separate him from Humphrey, the senator from Minnesota has almost no path left to a direct convention majority. In addition, Vice President Kennedy is also expected to win in California and New Jersey, the only two remaining large states.

The state of the Democratic race:

Robert F. Kennedy: ~ 35% of delegates
Hubert Humphrey: ~ 31% of delegates
George Wallace: ~ 16% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)


Republican contests

Connecticut
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 75.8%
Ronald Reagan: 23.9%

Delaware
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 53.9%
Ronald Reagan: 45.8%

Maryland
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 50.8%
Ronald Reagan: 40.1%
Spiro Agnew: 8.8%

Pennsylvania
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 58.0%
Ronald Reagan: 41.7%

Rhode Island
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 80.7%
Ronald Reagan: 19.0%

The North Atlantic States are good fit for Nelson Rockefeller, where he secures easy victories over Ronald Reagan, giving him a sizeable lead in the total delegate count again. However, the battle is still not won. Especially looking ahead: California, the nation's largest state, still didn't vote. The Gipper is expected to win his homestate, what could still - together with Washington state and smaller Mountain states - give him the nomination. However, Rockefeller polls close in Washington and is also expected to take New Jersey. Political observers now write, the chances for a brokered Republican Convention increased dramatically.



Governor Nelson Rockefeller and his wife Happy celebrate upon winning all five primaries of the day

The Republican map and delegate count:

Nelson Rockefeller: ~ 44% of delegates
Ronald Reagan: ~ 38% of delegates
Spiro Agnew: ~ 3% of delegates

(delegates won so far out of all delegates; majority needed)


BREAKING: May 24, 1972 – Humphrey drops out and leaves Kennedy as presumptive Democratic nominee



Senator Humphrey, addressing a crowd of supporters, upon his announcement to suspend his campaign. He endorsed Vice President Kennedy for the general election

Rumors already spread last night after Hubert Humphrey immediately returned home to Minnesota. Having lost most of the important primaries that day, he sat together with his senior staff and discussed the situation. He reportedly also phoned with President Johnson at the White House. At 11 a.m. in the morning, Senator Humphrey went before the press and gave the following statement:

SENATOR HUMPHREY: My fellow citizens, my fellow Democrats and members of the press: Today I want to inform you that I decided to drop out of the presidential race. Having evaluated the situation, I came to the conclusion that there is no realistic path left for me to become the Democratic nominee for president. I congratulate Vice President Kennedy on his victories and a spirited campaign. He will be the nominee for president in 1972, and I will do everything I can to help him succeeding Lyndon Johnson in the White House. Now let me also thank the thousands of volunteers who helped me over the last months, the millions of voters who endorsed me and my family in particular. I will remain a senator and continue to represent the people of Minnesota in the best way possible. I will be engaged in any political debate and fight for the causes I believed in for many years. Thank you all very, very much. God bless you.


Barely an hour later, Vice President Robert Kennedy gave remarks upon Humphrey’s exit of the race.



Vice President Bobby Kennedy, although still short of a delegate majority, is now the presumptive Democratic nominee for president

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: Today, I want to thank Senator Hubert Humphrey for his courage. I also want to congratulate him  on running a fine campaign that focused on important issues rather than on personal attacks. Senator Humphrey has served his party, and more importantly his country, well over many years. We ought be thankful for his service and passion. I personally will fight hard to earn the trust and confidence of the voters who endorsed his candidacy.

Being the nominee of the Democratic Party is a great honor and I will do everything I can to earn your support in November. Now let us march forward as a force for progress, peace and liberty. Thank you!


Republican candidates Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan congratulated RFK on winning the nomination for president and promised “a tough but fair fight over the fall”. The same day, President Johnson reportedly invited Kennedy and Humphrey to the White House to discuss the Democratic strategy for November. He also publically expressed his congratulations to the vice president and said he would support him.

[President Johnson]

I’m pretty surprised you gave Rocky a win on Economics but Reagan a win on Foreign Policy , because Reagan biggest support usually came from people who valued economic policy while he lost on foreign policy .



In 1980 the Economic/Buisness Establishment supported Reagan from day 1 while the Foregin Policy establishment was more reluctant to support him

Keep in mind that this is 1972: The economy is doing a lot better in (real life) 1980 and Rocky's middle-of-the-road approach, not too far from Nixon's, would have been more popular than Reagan's call for a return to the 1920s economic policy (that was still blamed for the Great Depression). On foreign policy, Reagan sounds tougher than Rockefeller in a time when Vietnam was maybe not lost yet, but not won either. The foreign policy establishment would still largely support Rockefeller (he also had foreign policy experience), but that doesn't have to be the opinion of the Republican base (or at least a decent part of it).

[President Johnson]

May 28, 1972: George Wallace leaves Democratic race and raises speculation over third-party campaign, alarming President Johnson over RFK's southern support



George Wallace speaking to supporters and the press upon dropping out of the Democratic race. However, he is not supporting RFK

That former Alabama Governor George Wallace can't win the nomination first hand already became evident several weeks ago, but with Hubert Humphrey's formal exit, there isn't even a chance to play the kingmaker in a deadlocked convention (or at least attempting to do so). Wallace now publically came to this conclusion as well and officially dropped out of the race for the Democratic nomination.

"Congratulations to the Kennedy clan, for once more taking over our party from the ordinary man", Wallace noted upon addressing the press and supporters in Montgomery, Alabama. And he added: "Mr. Kennedy and his buddies may have won this fight, but I'll be back soon." When asked what exactly he meant, he declined. Aides to Wallace already indicated that he will attempt to win the governorship of his state again as the 1974 election is an open one (Governor Brewer, who defeated Wallace in the 1970 primary, will be term-limited).



President Johnson is reportedly alarmed of a potential Dixiecrat campaign for president this fall that would likely hurt Vice President Kennedy's chances

Almost immediately after Wallace's drop-out, rumors began to spread that he planned a third-party challenge in the fall election. Especially former Georgia governor Lester Maddox is reportedly pushing for such a campaign. As unconfirmed reports indicated, Maddox himself would run for vice president should Wallace launch a third-party presidential bid. A possible Rockefeller nomination would increase the chance for Dixiecrat ticket, a Washington Post report said. The article further stated, that President Lyndon Johnson is actively working behind the scenes to get southern Democrats behind the Democratic ticket. Governor Brewer and senators Llyod Bentsen (D-TX) and Lawton Chiles (D-FL) are also actively engaged in this effort. Although not confirmed, the president strongly recommended Bobby Kennedy to pick a southern running mate, as did his brother twelve years before. The president is afraid that a Dixiecrat candidacy in November could hand the White House to the Republicans, especially if Ronald Reagan is the nominee (who would, unlike Nelson Rockefeller, dismantle his legacy).


May 30, 1972

★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Rockefeller takes Washington State over Reagan; RFK unopposed winner ★★★



Washington State Democratic Primary
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 85.8%
Hubert Humphrey: 7.2%
George Wallace: 5.5%

Nothing more to see here at the Democratic side: RFK is now unopposed for the Democratic nomination.


Washington State Republican Primary
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 52.5%
Ronald Reagan: 47.4%

Rocky's first - and probably only - win in the West comes from Washington State. His campaign heavily targeted the state in the closing days of this primary. That's an important victory to expand his delegate lead over the California governor, who is the favorite to win his homestate early next month. In order to win the nomination, Rockefeller must win at least one more state in addition to New Jersey, where he is already expected to win by huge margin.


May 31, 1972: A ton of new polls! Released by Gallup

Despite President Johnson's concerns over a Dixiecrat ticket, RFK's win over Humphrey gave him and the Democrats new momentum at the end of May. LBJ's numbers are also pretty strong for a president in his final year. He obviously benefits from the recovering economy, the detente policies and the lack of a major crisis abroad an riots at home. On the Republican side, Nelson Rockefeller now polls at 51% for his party's nomination, though Ronald Reagan still takes almost half of GOP supporters. Rocky also polls slightly better against Bobby Kennedy. The vice president also leads in a hypothetical three-way match-up with George Wallace.

Gallup this time also polled the favorbility of leading politicans.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 55%
Disapprove: 39%


Polls for the 1972 presidential race

Republican Party presidential nomination

Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 51%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 46%
Undecided: 3%


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 48%
Republican: 41%


General election match-ups

Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Ronald Reagan: 42%

Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%


Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Ronald Reagan: 37%
George Wallace: 13%

Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
George Wallace: 13%


Opinion of leading politicans

President Lyndon B. Johnson
Favorable: 55%
Unfavorable: 40%
No opinion/never heard of: 5%

Vice President Robert F. Kennedy
Favorable: 54%
Unfavorable: 38%
No opinion/never heard of: 8%

Secretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach
Favorable: 61%
Unfavorable: 33%
No opinion/never heard of: 6%

Senator Hubert Humphrey
Favorable: 57%
Unfavorable: 37%
No opinion/never heard of: 7%

Former Governor George Wallace
Favorable: 45%
Unfavorable: 46%
No opinion/never heard of: 9%

Former Governor Lester Maddox
Favorable: 31%
Unfavorable: 40%
No opinion/never heard of: 29%

Governor Nelson Rockefeller
Favorable: 48%
Unfavorable: 43%
No opinion/never heard of: 9%

Governor Ronald Reagan
Favorable: 47%
Unfavorable: 43%
No opinion/never heard of: 10%

Governor Spiro Agnew
Favorable: 50%
Unfavorable: 37%
No opinion/never heard of: 13%

Former Vice President Richard Nixon
Favorable: 44%
Unfavorable: 51%
No opinion/never heard of: 5%

Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield
Favorable: 37%
Unfavorable: 28%
No opinion/never heard of: 35%

Senate Minority Hugh Scott
Favorable: 33%
Unfavorable: 24%
No opinion/never heard of: 43%

House Speaker Carl Albert
Favorable: 39%
Unfavorable: 27%
No opinion/never heard of: 34%

House Minority Leader Gerald Ford
Favorable: 36%
Unfavorable: 22%
No opinion/never heard of: 42%

[President Johnson]

June 2, 1972: HealthCare bill fails in committee



Senator Ted Kennedy was the main force behind the healthcare bill

The so-called Universal Coverage Act, sponsored by Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) and supported by the Johnson Administration, was voted down in the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare by Republicans and Southern Democrats. Although not surprising, this is a setback for the administration as well as Senator Kennedy.

However, Ted Kennedy already said he would try again this year. His brother, presumptive Democratic nominee Bobby Kennedy, promised to continue work an a healthcare-for-all legislation if elected to the Oval Office in November. According to insiders, President Johnson tries to force another liberal Democrat into the committee to ensure passage.


★★★ DECISION ’72 – Election Special: Last primaries show little surprise, RFK locks up nomination ★★★

Democratic contests

On the Democratic side, Vice President Robert Kennedy, who is unopposed in the race now, wins all remaining primaries (California, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota) with each over 90% of the vote.

The final Democratic map and delegate count:

✓ Robert F. Kennedy: ~ 53% of delegates
Hubert Humphrey: ~ 31% of delegates
George Wallace: ~ 16% of delegates

Note: The delegate count only includes pledged delegates won. As Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace both released their delegates, RFK is expected to win the nomination with a much higher number (though Wallace's delegation, which consists many conservative members, will likely not vote for Mr. Kennedy anyway).

The Democratic National Convention will take place from July 10 to July 13, 1972 in Madison Square Garden, New York City.



The final primaries put Vice President Bobby Kennedy, here on campaign trail again, over the top in the delegate count: The 1972 Democratic presidential nomination is his


Republican contests

California
✓ Ronald Reagan: 65.0%
Nelson Rockefeller: 34.7%

Montana
✓ Ronald Reagan: 55.5%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44.3%

New Jersey
✓ Nelson Rockefeller: 63.0%
Ronald Reagan: 36.8%

New Mexico
✓ Ronald Reagan: 51.4%
Nelson Rockefeller: 48.5%

South Dakota
✓ Ronald Reagan: 53.6%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46.2%


The Republican race:

Nelson Rockefeller: ~ 48% of delegates
Ronald Reagan: ~ 48% of delegates
Spiro Agnew or unpledged: ~ 4% of delegates


★★★ BREAKING: It's official  – REPUBLICAN NOMINATION will go to BROKERED CONVENTION! ROCKEFELLER vs. REAGAN! ★★★

First Republican nomination in history following a 50-state primary season will be decided by a brokered convention, with neither candidate having received the necessary 50% of delegates. Is this Spiro Agnew's hour?

What a Republican primary season! Even the final contests could not bring the long-awaited decision. Both candidates won about the same number of pledged delegates: Rockefeller has a small lead with 1,115 delegates behind him. Reagan won 1,106, each about 48%. The remaining 80 are uncommitted. Most of them were pledged to Spiro Agnew, who dropped out of the race and has not endorsed either of the two remaining contenders. The New York Times reported, that Agnew's released delegates are almost 50/50 divided between The Gipper and Rocky. Rockefeller has also a small lead of 0.7% in the total popular vote.

Until the convention opens in August, both campaigns have time to win over the unpledged delegates. Both campaigns are expected to reorganize their senior staff now in order to clinch the decisive delegates. Nevada Governor Paul Laxalt is reported to be Reagan's "right-handed man", while George Romney is rumored to coordinate the Rockefeller campaign's efforts. However, if neither candidate wins a majority on the first ballot, all delegates are released and can vote for whoever they want. That could be the time of Spiro Agnew! Although the Maryland governor strongly denied in an interview, he could then change his mind and attempt to win the nomination by presenting himself as an alternative acceptable to both party wings. But even if Agnew is not returning to the race, he will play an important role in the nominating process anyway. Political observers expect that Rockefeller and Reagan will reach out him and offer him a role in their campaign and administration. The Washington Post listed him as the most likely Republican vice presidential nominee. The Post also wrote, Agnew is about to meet with Senator Barry Goldwater, a Reagan backer, as well as Richard Nixon in the days to come (Nixon strongly supports Rockefeller).

The Republican National Convention will take place from August 21 to August 23, 1972 in Miami Beach, Florida.


June 24, 1972: George Wallace rules out third-party White House bid; speculation over Dixiecrat ticket remain



George Wallace on television

In a television interview, George Wallace ruled out running for president on a third-party ticket. "I do not intend to run for president on a third-party platform", he said, "but won't endorse and vote for Mr. Kennedy. One Kennedy in a century is enough".

However, some doubts remain, as several Southern Democrats from the Old Guard are very unhappy with Bobby Kennedy's nomination. But Wallace's elimination from the contest is at least somewhat good news for the Kennedy campaign since Governor Wallace is the most famous and most popular Dixiecrat in the nation.



June 30, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

The ongoing nomination battle on the Republican side obviously benefits Democrats and the Kennedy campaign. RFK has now solid lead over both Republican candidates as well as Spiro Agnew (who was polled again, given the possibility of his nomination). Agnew also slightly performs better against Kennedy in the survey, possibly because he is not actively involved in the nomination battle anymore.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 53%
Disapprove: 41%


Polls for the 1972 presidential race

Republican Party presidential nomination

Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 48%
Undecided: 3%


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 49%
Republican: 42%


General election match-ups

Robert F. Kennedy: 50%
Ronald Reagan: 41%

Robert F. Kennedy: 51%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%

Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Spiro Agnew: 42%

[President Johnson]

Will Reagan choose a vp before the convention again



I would say these would be good candidates :

Howard Baker
George Romney
George HW Bush

Well, Romney had to be picked after the nomination since he's actively engaged in the Rockefeller campaign. Poppy would be a two-term congressman who twice lost the Texas Senate race (1964 and 1970). With a Democrat in the White House, he wouldn't have been anything else except maybe RNC Chair. Nixon saved his career by naming him UN Ambassador after his second defeat in 1971. Howard Baker, however, seems to be decent choice for Reagan. Even Schweiker, though that may be a little early for him.

I'll do a list of potential running mates (with pros and cons) of both parties soon. Similar to Parrotguy's 2016 TL.

[President Johnson]

BONUS: The Democratic vice presidential selection



As various reports confirmed, the Kennedy campaign considers, ahead of the Democratic National Convention, the following individuals for the vice presidential nomination.


Albert Brewer



Age: 43
Homestate: Alabama
Experience: Governor of Alabama since 1968, Lieutenant Governor 1967–1968, Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives 1962–1966, Alabama State Representative 1954–1966
Why he is considered: A southerner with liberal stances, Governor Brewer seems a good geographical balance to Bobby Kennedy. Brewer's selection would certainly boost Kennedy's chances in the south. Whether that is enough to win states, is hard to predict this early, although he is popular in his homestate for passing reforms. Especially the African American community staunchly backs Brewer's pro-civil-rights policies. It is notable, though, that he beat Dixiecrat icon George Wallace in the 1970 gubernatorial primary and handily won a full term months later. Brewer's experience in state politics (he also served as lieutenant governor, state representative and became the youngest speaker of the state house) could be an asset for RFK's plans, to expand the welfare state in dealing with the states. Like Bobby Kennedy at 46, the 43 year old governor would stand for a new generation of leaders. The only thing he lacks so far is experience in foreign policy.


Terry Sanford



Age: 54
Homestate: North Carolina
Experience: President of the Duke University since 1969, Governor of North Carolina 1961–1965, North Carolina State Senator 1953–1955
Why he is considered: Terry Sanford was already rumored to be a running mate for John F. Kennedy's 1964 reelection campaign, though other sources claim he intended to keep then-vice president Lyndon Johnson on the ticket. Of course, that never went anywhere, as JFK was assassinated in 1963. As former governor from a state of the Upper South who is liberal-to-moderate, he's also a fair balance to RFK when it comes to experience and geography. However, like Albert Brewer, he lacks foreign policy experience and is out of politics for quite a while. Nevertheless, he is still respected among Democrats and also from an important battleground state.


George McGovern



Age: 50
Homestate: South Dakota
Experience: U.S. Senator from South Dakota since 1963, U.S. Representative 1957–1961
Why he is considered: A liberal icon from the Great Plains, McGovern ran for president this year, but dropped out early in the primaries. Nevertheless, he has still a lot of fans among the Democratic base. Especially foreign policy doves supported him for several years right now. RFK originally appealed to this group as well in his 1968 campaign, but his alliance with President Johnson cost him support among anti-war activists. However, in a time when the U.S. involvement in Vietnam is largely over and Bobby Kennedy seems to have more trouble winning support in the South, McGovern may not be the ideal running mate despite his credentials in domestic policy as a staunch Great Society supporter.


James E. "Jimmy" Carter



Age: 47
Homestate: Georgia
Experience: Governor of Georgia since 1971, Georgia State Senator 1963–1967
Why he is considered: Jimmy Carter falls into a similar category like Albert Brewer. Out of younger generation, he's a southern governor with mainly liberal stances. He made national news by declaring "the times of segregation are once and for all over" upon taking office as governor. That angered many social conservatives of the Old Southern Guard such as his predecessor and current lieutenant governor Lester Maddox. Although he's just one and a half years into his term, Carter already modernized the Georgia state government and passed progressive reforms. He would also be an asset in the South for RFK and his state may be critical in November. Governor Carter is also known as a man of high integrity and described as a likeable person. What speaks against him is that his gubernatorial experience is relatively short and that he has no experience in foreign affairs.


Stuart Symington



Age: 71
Homestate: Missouri
Experience: U.S. Senator from Missouri since 1953, U.S. Secretary of the Air Force 1947–1950
Why he is considered: Stuart Symington is probably the biggest surprise on RFK's short list for vice president. A senator from Missouri for almost twenty years, he ran for Democratic presidential nomination against JFK in 1960 and lost. Back then, JFK also considered him a potential running mate before selecting LBJ. Symington's advanced age and his long time experience in the senate may not just appeal to elder voters, he would also bring a lot of experience to the table. His good connections at Capitol Hill may ease RFK to get his agenda through congress. In addition, he has credentials in foreign and defense policy. Another pro is that the senator is from a battleground state. However, as a long-time lawmaker with a certain stance and earlier presidential ambitions, he likely won't trade a safe senate mandate in return for an irrelevant role as vice president. If chosen and elected, Symington would certainly demand a wider range of responsibilities in foreign and domestic policy, an important role in the decision-making process and a say in making government appointments.


Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson



Age: 60
Homestate: Washington (state)
Experience: U.S. Senator from Washington since 1953, U.S. Representative 1941–1953
Why he is considered: Like Senator Symington, Henry M. Jackson, better known as Scoop Jackson, has a very long experience in congress and could help Bobby Kennedy with the passage of his ambitious domestic agenda. His selection would also improve RFK's standing in the West. California, Oregon and Washington state were relatively close in 1968 and could decide the 1972 election and, for that reason, are top Democratic targets this cycle as well. However, a Jackson candidacy for vice president would alienate foreign policy doves, whose support for RFK has already been weakened. Despite being an outspoken liberal in domestic policy, Senator Jackson is a foreign policy hawk and would certainly demand a role in foreign and military policy. He's also not known as a staunch Kennedy supporter.


Carl Albert



Age: 64
Homestate: Oklahoma
Experience: Speaker of the House of Representatives since 1971, House Majority Leader 1962–1971, House Majority Whip 1955–1962, U.S. Representative since 1947
Why he is considered: Carl Albert wouldn't be the first House Speaker to run for vice president. A long career in the House and various leadership positions, he would be an asset for RFK in passing legislation with his good connections in congress and his knowledge of the legislative process. Another pro for Speaker Albert is the fact that he comes from a swing state (Oklahoma). Although he is supported by southern members of the Democratic caucus as well, it is questionable whether he would actually bring in many additional votes from the South. It is also unclear, whether he is actually interested in the vice presidency as his speakership likely gives him more influence over the Democratic policy agenda. Polls indicate that Democrats remain in the majority after the election, even if a Republican wins the White House. The vice presidential nomination may therefore not be a step forward for Mr. Albert.


Orville Freeman



Age: 54
Homestate: Minnesota
Experience: U.S. Secretary of Agriculture since 1961, Governor of Minnesota 1955–1961
Why he is considered: Despite being only 54 years old, Secretary Freeman has a long experience in the federal government after over ten years as head of the Agriculture Department. He has been a loyal cabinet member for both JFK and LBJ and is regarded as a person of integrity. In addition to his service in Washington, he has also six years of experience in the governor's chair. Although he is widely seen as qualified to take over the vice presidency, he has very limited experience in foreign affairs and is largely unknown to the American public. Freeman's homestate of Minnesota is also a Democratic stronghold and therefore not of a real asset in the general election. Maybe Freeman's lasting loyalty and his executive skills should be awarded by giving him a more important cabinet post after election, such as the Treasury Department.


The following individuals were mentioned as potential candidates but publically denied interest: Senator and former Vice President Hubert Humphrey (D-MN), Senator and Majority Leader Mike Mansfield (D-MT), Senator Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX), former Governor John Connally (D-TX), Governor Preston Smith (D-TX), Senator Lawton Chiles (D-FL), Senator Edmund Muskie (D-ME) and Supreme Court Judge and former Governor Pat Brown (D-CA)

[President Johnson]

Late June/early July 1972: Rockefeller and Reagan camps reach out to uncommitted delegates

Barely any news broke of the ongoing Republican nomination battle since the primary season ended up in a Rockefeller/Reagan deadlock. As various newspapers now report both campaign are in the process of reaching out to the uncommitted delegates. Spiro Agnew continues to abstain from endorsing either candidate but toned down his denials to reenter the race on a deadlocked convention floor, leading up to new speculation he might attempt to do so.


July 6, 1972: Kennedy’s vice presidential list down to three contenders, Albert Brewer rules out candidacy



After talking to Bobby Kennedy, Alabama Governor rules out to run for vice president. He wants to finish his gubernatorial term and is rumored to seek a seat in the senate.

On the July 4 celebrations, Alabama Governor Albert Brewer, during a speech, ruled out to be the Democratic vice presidential nominee in 1972, but pledged to support Robert Kennedy over the fall and - if elected - as president. He reportedly phoned with the vice president about the campaign. Political observers wrote the governor wants to finish out his term by early 1975 and has an eye on the upcoming 1974 senate election in Alabama. Possibly challenging incumbent John B. Allen from the left for the Democratic nomination. Governor Brewer will also be the keynote-speaker of the 1972 Democratic National Convention and chair the platform committee.

In the days leading up to the nominating convention, unconfirmed reports from the RFK campaign’s inner circle state the presumptive nominee’s vice presidential shortlist is now narrowed down to three candidates that are subject to closer vetting and interviews: Senator Stuart Symington, Governor Jimmy Carter and Secretary Orville Freeman. Bobby Kennedy said he will announce his pick at the convention.


July 10 – 13, 1972: DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION




Opening

On July 10, 1972, Democrats gathered together for their National Convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Unlike four years earlier, no riots are expected. And unlike the Republicans, there is only one Democrat left for the nomination: Vice President Bobby Kennedy. At the final day, when the nominating ballots are cast, Kennedy wants to announce his vice presidential running mate and deliver his acceptance speech. As reports indicate, his list is down to Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri and Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman is formally also among the three finalists, but political observers from the DNC now report, they don’t expect him to be picked. Accordingly, President Lyndon Johnson strongly urged RFK to pick a running mate that helps him in the South.

The July 10 opening went through with organizing stuff.


July 11: The day of the party platform and Hubert Humphrey

The second day was mainly devoted to the party platform. The most important points Democrats call for:

- Implementation of the Civil Rights policies enacted during the Johnson Administration, complete desegregation in the South and implement new policies where necessary such as the labor market.
- Universal healthcare similar to the bill sponsored by Senator Ted Kennedy
- Increase the minimum wage and link it to inflation. This part was very controversial with the moderate more business-friendly wing
- A solution for draft dodgers: RFK is supposed to come up with an amnesty plan. However, the subject was too controversial for specifics in the party platform
- Increased funding for housing
- Programs for crime prevention to fight crime on the streets

- A continuation of détente policy of President Johnson with the USSR and Red China; lasting peace in South East Asia
- Increase in foreign aid, especially in Asia and Africa to prevent the spread of communism and totalitarian regimes.



Senator Hubert Humphrey at his convention speech, in which he strongly made the case for Democrats and Vice President Kennedy as the nominee

The day was finished with a highlight: Hubert Humphrey’s speech. The senator and former candidate thanked his fellow Democrats for their support and pledged to work hard to get Bobby Kennedy elected. “We have to make sure that Vice President Kennedy enters the White House coming January. He will continue the work of the past twelve years with passion, leadership and integrity”, he remarked. And he also warned of Republicans. Especially Ronald Reagan was his target: “We as a nation can’t afford Ronald Reagan, who will undo all the great things we have archived in the times since the New Deal. This is not an Eisenhower Republican, this is Barry Goldwater all over again. Spiro Agnew won’t be much better either. And don’t be fooled by Governor Rockefeller. He’s a nice man and sounds like a moderate, but make no mistake about it: He’s not your savior and his policies would be influenced by the Republican right.” The former candidate closed his speech with a fiery pledge for civil rights and an all-inclusive society.


July 12: Major speeches and great enthusiasm



Speaker Albert encourages his fellow Democrats to fight for victory in November



Governor Albert Brewer of Alabama at the convention site, here with his wife; as keynote speaker with a passionate address to Democrats, he gets a lot of attention. Media observers regard him as a rising star of the party

July 12 was shaped by a series of speeches by notable Democrats from all over the country. The mood at the convention hall was very enthisastic. The party and its supporters seem totally fired up. The opening and keynote address was delivered by Alabama Governor Albert Brewer, who arose as a young star of his party since beating George Wallace in the 1970 race for governor. Wallace himself abstained from the convention, saying he won’t witness “the crowning of another Kennedy”. However, Governor Brewer was celebrated by the delegates and visitors. Surely, a lot of delegates would see Brewer as vice presidential candidate, but he ruled out to run for that office and is rumored to prepare a senate run in 1974. In his half hour long address, the governor spoke of civil rights, economic opportunity and called for more investments in the infrastructure. A special part was his mentioning of “the new South”. "We ought to let division, hatred, lawlessness and injustice behind us. It is time to move forward in a spirit of cooperation, understanding and frankly love. Only as a united people we can be successful. And despite our proud heritage, the south wasn't always on the right side of history. But today we came together to work towards a better future for each and everyone. And by everyone, I mean really everyone. We can't afford to let anybody behind", he remarked as the delegates cheered.

In the afternoon hours, Democratic congressional leaders including Speaker and Convention Chair Carl Albert spoke. They praised the record of the Johnson Administration and emphasized the need to build on that progress. A planned appearance by 88 year old former president Harry S. Truman had to be cancelled, as he was struggling with his health. A surprise guest speaker was Hollywood actor Cary Grant, who endorsed Bobby Kennedy. He joked of Ronald Reagan, saying “if you want a man from Hollywood, there are better choices than The Gipper. I respect him, but he would be a dangerous president”, he said.



President Johnson speaking: He defended the record of his presidency and encouraged his party to build on the progress of the JFK/LBJ years. He also spoke favorable about Bobby Kennedy and pledged to give him his full support

The evening was President Lyndon Johnson’s time. In a passionate speech, the outgoing president reflected on the now almost twelve Kennedy/Johnson years and defended his record. “We made unprecedented progress. Possibly more than in any other time in history”, the president argued. And he added: “to ensure the lasting success of this progress and the continuation of our vision, we need a president with the skills and the compassion to build on and meet challenges of the future. That man is my friend, Bobby Kennedy.”  LBJ also once more called on congress to enact the Ted Kennedy bill for an expansion of healthcare, saying the government must "invest in human capital and not solely in the pharma industry."

At the end of the day, the nation saw a Democratic National Convention energized by its leaders and the platform, which is probably the most liberal one ever. The New York Times wrote that liberals have now definitely taken over the national party.


Next: The presidential nomination, Bobby Kennedy's vice presidential pick and the road towards the Republican National Convention

[President Johnson]

July 13, 1972: Final day of the DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION

★★★ BREAKING from the DNC: BOBBY KENNEDY nominated; selects JIMMY CARTER for VICE PRESIDENT ★★★



Jimmy Carter, the governor of Georgia, here with his wife Rosalyn, has been selected as the vice presidential candidate by Bobby Kennedy

Breaking News from the Democratic National Convention: Vice President Bobby Kennedy has been nominated by the delegates as Democratic presidential nominee. He received almost 87% of all delegate votes. Right after the vote, he announced that Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter would be his vice presidential running mate. Carter publically accepted the offer and said he would fully devote himself to the campaign. With Carter's selection, the Kennedy campaign made a major decision for the fall strategy. Obviously RFK listened to LBJ's advice to pick a southerner for vice president. Jimmy Carter is certainly an asset here; especially his homestate of Georgia could be critical in November. This Democratic ticket of Kennedy at 46 years and Carter at 47 is also one of the youngest in history (both will turn 47 and 48, respectively, in October, the month before the election).

Insiders report that Kennedy made the decision based on the advice of the president and others, but also on the interviews with other candidates. Accordingly, Senator Stuart Symington demanded more influence than RFK was ready to give him. Secretary Orville Freeman, who was among the three finalists, said he would accept the offer but was concerned about the ticket's appeal in the South. It also reported that Freeman would be awarded for his loyalty by becoming Secretary of the Treasury in a Kennedy Administration. Jimmy Carter seemed interested in the position and found personal chemistry with the sitting vice president. However, all these information is not official.


The presidential ballot
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 2,785
George Wallace: 275
Hubert Humphrey: 71
Others/abstain: 70

The vice presidential ballot
✓ Jimmy Carter: 2,711
George McGovern: 117
Henry M. Jackson: 40
George Wallace: 35
Others/abstain: 298


Jimmy Carter accepts vice presidential nomination



Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter smiles as he receives a standing-ovation from the delegates during his speech

Right after the nominating ballots were cast, Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter accepted his nomination for vice president. The highlights of his speech:

GOVERNOR CARTER: Delegates to this convention, Ladies and Gentlemen, members of the press and my fellow citizens: With a deep gratitude and a sense of humility, I accept your nomination for the vice presidency of the United States. Being entrusted with his awesome responsibility is one of the greatest honors I have received in my life. [...]

Today, I want to speak to you as a man, who grew up in the South and run a peanut farm before entering politics. But more importantly, I speak to you as a citizen concerned about our future and the future of our children. To ensure them a bright future, we must work together to eliminate any form of discrimination because of race, gender or age. We must work together to make sure each and everyone has a shot for a bright life in dignity, financial safety and access to healthcare. And we also have to make sure, we life in lasting peace. For this mission, I want to bring in my experience and knowledge to assist Robert Francis Kennedy as the next president of the United States. I will work closely with him to guide this wonderful nation of ours. [...]

Now, let us join forces as Americans. Not as Southerners or Northerners, as Easterners and Westerners. There is no such thing. We are all Americans. Now let's march as one people united in its belief in democracy, human rights and freedom. Thank you very much. Thank so very much.

During his speech and especially afterwards, Jimmy Carter received a standing-ovation from delegates. "Jimmy! Jimmy!", they screamed. It seems as his selection is well received among Democrats.


Bobby Kennedy accepts nomination for president



Vice President Robert Kennedy, as he walks on the podium the accept the Democratic nomination for president

When Bobby Kennedy walked on the podium after a brief introduction by his wife Ethel, many observers remembered the 1964 Convention, when the then-Attorney General spoke and received twenty minutes of applause. Now eight years later, there was a similar enthusiasm in the air on that occasion when RFK himself was the party's nominee. The highlights of his address:

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: My fellow Democrats, distinguished guests and members of the press, Mr. President, Senator Humphrey, Speaker Albert, Governor Brewer, Governor Carter and my fellow Americans: I cannot tell you how deeply moved I am to accept your nomination for President of the United States. [Massive applause]

Over the course of this campaign, I met many thousands of our fellow citizens. They told me about their lives and what positive impact the policies of the last two administrations had on them. But they also told me about their needs, concerns and fears. There is nobody who I remember more than a black girl in Virginia, that told me how she was struggling to find a job. Her family found a place to live thanks to our housing legislation. She also told me about her brother, who died in Vietnam. Nothing else symbolizes more the achievements and challenges in the years ahead alike. In other words, what I want to do for all of you, my fellow Americans, is simple: I want to build on the progress we made in twelve years of Kennedy and Johnson. And I want to find new solutions of new challenges that will arise in the time to come as we enter the third century of the American experience. [...] I want that every men, women and child in this nation has a fair chance for a safe home, a decent job and protection against discrimination. I also want every men, women and child to live in a lasting and stable peace.[...]

It is almost twelve years ago that we begun this journey. Thanks to my brother, our beloved John F. Kennedy, and our President Lyndon B. Johnson, we have made unimagined progress. I want to build on and renew this spirit that guided us through the 1960s and into the 1970s. Let us, we Democrats, stand united as a force of progress, liberty and peace. Let us not hand over this great country to a deeply divided Republican Party which puts the progress we've made in danger. Thank you so much. God bless you, and God bless the United States.

Massive applause; delegates scream "Bobby! Bobby! Bobby!"

As the Democratic National Conventions comes to an end, Democrats seem united and extremely energized to defend the White House. Their ticket will be KENNEDY/CARTER.



The 1972 Democratic banner

[President Johnson]

July 31, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

Following the enthusiastic Democratic National Convention, the Kennedy campaign goes with momentum into the general election. He widens the gap to the Republican rivals to an unprecedented level. While President Johnson also benefits from the trend, the GOP voters are again exactly tied between Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller. Some polls on Jimmy Carter were also conducted. It seems as he is an asset to the ticket, though not an overwhelming factor.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 57%
Disapprove: 38%


Polls for the 1972 presidential race

Republican Party presidential nomination

Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 48%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 48%
Undecided: 4%

Question: Do you approve or disapprove Jimmy Carter's selection as Democratic vice presidential candidate?

Approve: 51%
Disapprove: 25%
Undecided or no opinion: 24%

Approval among Democrats: 83%

Question: Are you more or less likely to vote for the Democratic ticket with Jimmy Carter running for vice president?

More likely: 21% (among voters in former Confederate States: 52%)
Less likely: 10% (among voters in former Confederate States: 31%)
No difference: 69%


General election match-ups

Robert F. Kennedy: 52%
Ronald Reagan: 40%

Robert F. Kennedy: 51%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%

Robert F. Kennedy: 51%
Spiro Agnew: 42%


1972 congressional elections ? generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 50%
Republican: 40%


August 12, 1972: Spiro Agnew says he's "available" in the case of a deadlocked Republican Convention



"I'm available as a compromise candidate if the convention remains deadlocked", Governor Spiro Agnew now says

A little more than a week before the Republican National Convention opens its doors, Spiro Agnew made big news: He now said that he considers to reenter the race if the convention remains deadlocked between Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan. Their delegates are only bound in the first round of voting. If both fail to get a majority rather than a plurality of the votes, the delegates are released and could technically vote for anybody they want. That procedure opens the door for a compromise candidate. "If that were to happen, I would be available for the party's well-being", the Maryland governor and former candidate said, "I think either of Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Reagan should be the nominee. But if the delegates can't decide on one of them, we ought to think about a compromise candidate from the middle of the Republican spectrum. I would be ready to take over this role if entrusted by enough delegates". He first declined such plans but toned down in recent weeks.

Both the Reagan and Rockefeller camps denounced the suggestion in a first statement. The Gipper called it "undemocratic to nominate someone who won just a handful of delegates in primaries". Rocky publically agreed on this statement.


August 18, 1972: Rockefeller puts Nixon in charge as "Convention Campaign Chair" to secure nomination



Is Tricky Dick back? Nelson Rockefeller puts him in charge to operate as his campaign's convention chair

Another big news days before the Republican National Convention: Nelson Rockefeller officially put Richard Nixon in charge as his campaign's convention chairman. Nixon's task is to make sure that all uncommitted delegates who pledged to vote for the New York governor so far keep their word. The former two-time GOP nominee, who endorsed Rocky back in January, is also expected to lead last-minute talks with the remaining uncommitted delegates that didn't endorse a candidate even after weeks of negotiations from both camps. Political observers described Nixon's hiring as "smart move" due to his skills and knowledge of the political process. "Will Nixon be Tricky Dick again?" titled the Washington Post in reference to Nixon's nickname.

The day after, Ronald Reagan named Senator Bob Taft Jr. (R-OH) as his campaign's convention floor manager. The Republican nomination remains as enthralling as a Hollywood thriller.

So far, Nelson Rockefeller has a very small advantage in bound delegates, but he can't rely on this. The odds are almost 50/50 between him and Ronald Reagan.


August 21 ? 23, 1972: REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION



Miami Beach, Florida: On a hot summer day, Republicans came together for their nominating convention. It will be the great and ultimate showdown between Nelson Rockefeller, the leader of the liberal wing, and Ronald Reagan, the leader of the conservative wing. The event will be subject to massive media covering around the world. There is also an unprecedented number of foreign journalists, especially from Europe and Latin America.

August 21: The opening, organization and first major speeches



Before regular order begun, both candidates met for a personal conversation

Right after the convention opened and the two major camps organized themselves, Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan met in a Hotel Suite for a personal conversation. Afterwards, not much was made public. Both only commented that it was a "friendly talk with mutual respect".


The question over the naming of the vice presidential candidates in advance

Usually the organizing section is relatively uneventful, but the Reagan camp introduced a rule that would require both contenders to name a vice presidential candidate in advance. It was rumored that Reagan would pick Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee for vice president. Rockefeller's choice was wide open, but Spiro Agnew was frequently named to be on top of the list. The Rockefeller camp meanwhile fought hard to reject this rule, and they succeeded, as it was narrowly voted down. As various News Channels reported, Richard Nixon was mainly responsible to vote this statute down. Nixon in general seemed very present and talked to several delegates and other officeholders. One observer said "Tricky Dick is everywhere I watch."



Senator Howard Baker (R-TN), a moderate, is reportedly Reagan's choice for the vice president. But as a proposed rule to name running mates in advance was defeated, the announcement was not made yet.


High profile speakers


Senator Barry Goldwater and former Governor Bill Scranton

The day closed with two high profile speakers from each faction to speak. First was Senator and 1964 nominee Barry Goldwater (R-AZ), who made the case for Ronald Reagan in his speech. After his speech, former Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton spoke on behalf of the liberals and urged to support Nelson Rockefeller. However, both speakers were not interrupted and they didn't attack the other candidate personally.


August 22: The party platform

Political observers who hoped to read a trend which faction had actually an advantage were disappointed when the platform was implemented. Both sides got some victories, but a lot of other points were very vague. At least on topics with disagreements. More detailed were sections were both largely agreed (like a tougher law and order policy).

Main Republican goals:

- Tax cuts for the middle class and business to stimulate growth [a compromise, with a small tendency towards the Reagan camp].
- Deregulation of the Energy Market [victory for Reagan positions]
- Less bureaucracy in the federal government and a commission to study waste and fraud [both candidates largely agreed on this]
- Tougher law and order policy and more prevention [both sides agreed]
- Social Security, Medicare and Medical remain intact, fully funded and improved. Waste and fraud were it exists has to be eliminated [mainly a victory for Team Rockefeller]
- The Republican Party is committed to anti-discrimination laws and calls for more women in leading positions [mainly agreed by both sides, small tendency towards Rockefeller]
- More funds for the infrastructure [largely a Rockefeller priority]
- The war on poverty has to be reorganized and more autonomy to the states [victory for Reagan]

- A tougher stance against the communist block without ending current talks [mainly a Reagan priority]
- A deeper partnership with Latin America [a Rockefeller goal, tough the Reagan camp agreed on the headline, no details given]
- Stop decreasing the defense spending [largely a compromise; Rockefeller wanted to slow down the post-Vietnam budget cuts by the Johnson Administration, while Reagan wanted at least a freeze and later an increase]

The day ended with speeches of the congressional leadership (Senator and Convention Chair Hugh Scott and House Minority Leader Gerald Ford).


Next: The GREAT showdown at the presidential ballot and the shortlist for the vice presidential nomination!

[President Johnson]

August 23, 1972: Final day of the REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION

★★★ BREAKING from RNC: ROCKY CLINCHES!! ★★★

Breaking News from the Republican National Convention: Nelson Rockefeller clinches presidential nomination by razor-thin margin on first ballot, defeating rival Ronald Reagan.



Age: 46
Homestate: Tennessee
Experience: U.S. Senator from Tennessee since 1967
Why he is considered: Originally reported to be Ronald Reagan's vice presidential choice, Tenneessee Senator Howard Baker would also be a good pick for Nelson Rockefeller. A moderate, he comes from the Upper South and could add strenght to the ticket in a region, that is largely skeptical towards the New York governor. At 46 years, he's also from a younger generation compared to Rockefeller at 64. Furthermore, Baker has a full six year senate term in experience (and is currently running for reelection in November). However, he's not personally familar with the newly selected nominee and widely unknown outside of Tennessee.

The following individuals were mentioned as potential candidates but publically denied interest: Former Governor George Romney (R-MI), Former Governor William Scranton (R-PA), Senator Edward Brooke (R-MA), Senator Margarethe Chase-Smith (R-ME), Senator Barry Goldwater (R-AZ), Senator John Tower (R-TX), Senator and Minority Leader Hugh Scott (R-PA), Senator Richard Schweiker (R-PA) and former Senator Thomas Kuchel (R-CA).

[President Johnson]

★★★ BREAKING: THE ROCKEFELLER VICE PRESIDENTIAL PICK: It?s GERALD FORD! ★★★



Congressman and House Minority Leader Gerald Ford of Michigan has been selected for the vice presidential spot

Breaking News from the Republican National Convention: The Rockefeller campaign officially announced the selection of Representative and House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford of Michigan as Nelson Rockefeller?s vice presidential running mate. The 59 year old congressman, who has 24 years of experience at Capitol Hill, has accepted the governor?s offer to join the ticket. According to insiders, Rockefeller wanted to offer the position to Ford first, while Oregon senator Mark Hatfield was the second choice. George Romney was reportedly the major force behind the selection of his fellow man from Michigan and is, according to observers, almost certain to assume a top-cabinet job if Rockefeller gets elected. The pragmatic and well-liked Ford is supposed to strengthen the ticket in the Mid-West and, if elected, ease the passage of major legislation.


Ronald Reagan addresses convention



Before Rockefeller, Ford and their wives could give their speeches, Ronald Reagan delivers his address. The hall cheered as the Gipper entered the stage. ?Ron! Ron! Ron!?, screamed hundreds of delegates. Many of them held their Reagan signs high and swung the American flag.

GOVERNOR REAGAN: Governor Rockefeller, Mrs. Rockefeller, Congressman Ford, Mrs. Ford, Senator Scott, delegates to this 1972 Republican convention, distinguished guests here and my fellow Americans: First, let me thank you so much for your lasting support. I cannot tell you how grateful Nancy and I are for your support and warm welcome. First of all, let me congratulate my colleague and friend, Nelson Rockefeller, for winning the Republican nomination for president. And may I personally note, that the kindness of yourself, Governor, and Mrs. Rockefeller is something that Nancy and I greatly remember. Now you asked me to say a few words, yet I have only prepared for a victory speech [convention hall laughs]. Well, now, let me first remark, that I believe the Republican Party has enacted a platform, that gives us hope for future. Hope, to regain our national greatness through growth, opportunity, self-determination and a strong stance on the world stage. Hope, to move this country into a different direction, than the other party offers. They tell us once again, that higher taxes, more bureaucracy, further violation of private rights and a selling out of American value and prestige in the world are the answer to the problems of our day. I reject that message. [massive applause] [...] Now let us work together from this the day forward, to offer the people of this great nation a cause to rally upon, so that America can be once again that shining city upon a hill. Thank you very very much.

At the end, Ronald Reagan received a standing ovations from the convention delegates, guests as well as the podium. Even a lot of Rockefeller supporters gave him a massive applause. He left the podium not as beaten contender, but more as a "almost nominee". It didn't seem as his days were over at all, despite narrowly losing the nomination in his first try.


Gerald Ford accepts vice presidential nomination



After the vice presidential balloting was completed, with Gerald Ford winning over 85% of the vote, Representative Gerald Ford gave his speech to accept the nomination for vice president. He was introduced by his wife Betty.

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Governor Rockefeller, Mrs. Rockefeller, Governor Reagan, Mrs. Reagan, delegates to this convention and my fellow citizens: Thank you! I thank you from the bottom of my heart for your confidence that you put in me. I humbly accept your nomination for vice president of the United States. [Applause]. I spoke before this convention yesterday already as candidate for Speaker of the House. Now, all of a sudden, I stand before you as a candidate for President of the Senate [laughter goes through hall]. Aware of the immense challenges ahead, I look forward to be a true partner for President-to-be Rockefeller and help him in any way possible. I want to use the relationships to my colleagues in the congress to pass an agenda that will help out nation to prosper and remain that arsenal of democracy that we have been for over two centuries. [...] Let me finish by once more thanking Governor Rockefeller for his trust and confidence in me. I am deeply honored to represent our party in this upcoming election and look forward to contribute to our victory on November the seventh. Thank you all.


Nelson Rockefeller gives acceptance speech



Last but not least was Nelson Rockefeller's acceptance speech. He was greeted by a massive applause when his wife Happy introduced him as the next president of the United States.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Wow! Thank you! My gallant wife Happy, Governor Reagan, Mrs. Reagan, Congressman Ford and Mrs. Ford, Chairman Scott, delegates to this convention, distinguished guests, members of the press and my fellow Americans, all the millions that are watching: With a deep gratitude and a sense of humility, I accept the nomination of President of the United States! [Massive applause, "Rocky! Rocky!" calls] Now, first, let me thank my for approving my suggestion to nominate Congressman Gerald Ford for the vice presidency. I have no doubt he will make a great vice president, of which this nation can be proud of. Let me also thank very much my friend Ronald Reagan for a very tough but fair fight and a contest of ideas over the last months. I know how it feels like running for and not winning the nomination. But you, Ron, you came much closer than me in your first attempt [laughter goes through hall]. And I do believe, that your best days are still ahead. Like I believe, that America's best days are still ahead. That, however, requires bold leadership in the years ahead. The motto of our campaign is Peace, Freedom and Prosperity. These are my goals for America, as we are on the brink to enter the third century of this great experiment. I want to make sure, that each and everyone in this country has a shot to succeed. No matter of race, color and gender. Therefore, as president, I will do everything to eliminate discrimination against anyone. Especially women and blacks must be target of your efforts. [...] Peace through strength and respect for human rights around the globe. Through the rule of law, not through violence. Through partnerships, especially with countries of Latin America and Africa. To spread democracy, a free-market economy and prosperity with it. To stabilize world peace, that we, our children and grandchildren, can live in peace. [...] Prosperity through a pragmatic approach to economic policy. As less intervention as possible, as much as needed to preserve fair conditions, to protect to environment. I also call upon a massive investment into our infrastructure and improve our schools [...] And freedom through the rule of law and a respect for every American who is playing by the rules. [...] That is the vision Congressman Ford and I offer America. And as a great general once said: There is no substitute for victory!

As Nelson Rockefeller finished his speech, he received standing-ovations and a minutes long applause. They delegates cheered and hold their Rockefeller-Ford signs high.

Now that Republican National Convention closed, the general election will be KENNEDY/CARTER versus ROCKEFELLER/FORD.



Republican campaign signs for 1972


August 25, 1972: Polling special! Released by Gallup

Two days after Nelson Rockefeller's nomination, Gallup conducted a series of polls for the presidential race. Bobby Kennedy is still in the lead, but a "convention bump" for the Republicans is already measureable. Gallup also asked about Gerald Ford and, for the first time, some states were polled.


General election match-up

Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%

Question: Do you approve or disapprove Gerald Ford's selection as Republican vice presidential candidate?

Approve: 45%
Disapprove: 23%
Undecided or no opinion: 32%

Approval among Republicans: 80%


Question to Reagan supporters: Do you plan to vote for Nelson Rockefeller in the general election?

Yes, definitely: 39%
Lean yes: 28%
Lean no: 20%
Certainly not: 13%


Polls by states (potential battlegrounds)

Alabama
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 37%

California
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%

Iowa
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%

Michigan
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%

New York
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%

Wisconsin
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%

[President Johnson]

August 27, 1972

★★★ BREAKING: Former Georgia Governor LESTER MADDOX launches third-party presidential campaign ★★★



BREAKING NEWS from Savannah, Georgia: Lester Maddox officially launches a third-party presidential campaign. The former Georgia governor and his running mate, Maryland businessman George P. Mahoney, are running as candidates for the newly founded anti-establishment American Independent Party to oppose Robert Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller in the November general election.

"America needs a real choice in November. But when I look at the nominees of the two major parties, all I can see are two out-of-touch elitists. Two liberal East Coast establishment career politicians, that come from the wealthiest families in this country. And these two fellows tell us, they stand for the common man? That is a joke!", said former Georgia governor Lester Maddox at his first campaign event in Savannah, Georgia. A crowd of over 5,000 cheered, as Maddox was standing in the sun. "It is about time that the ordinary American takes back this nation from the arrogance of the Washington insiders and elites, who don't give a damn for states' rights as prescribed in the American constitution", he continued his speech. And added: "In just a few years, lawlessness has spread all over this country, an erosion of morality taken place and holy things like family and faith have been under siege. I, like millions of Americans, won't stand by and witness the next out-of-touch elitist, whether his name may be Kennedy or Rockefeller, take over and bankrupt this country."

He has long been a critic of the political establishment and the party elites in Washington, but now he officially entered the ring: Former Georgia Governor Lester Maddox, actually a conservative southern Democrat, declared a presidential run to oppose Vice President Bobby Kennedy, Democratic nominee, and Governor Nelson Rockefeller, the Republican nominee. With George Wallace taking himself out of consideration, already eying a comeback in the Alabama gubernatorial election of 1974, Lester Maddox is the most famous Dixiecrat in the country. Supporting racial segregation, he served as governor of his state from 1967 to 1971. He had to step down after one four year term during the 1970 election, since the Georgia constitution still prohibits governors to seek immediate reelection. Instead, he ran for lieutenant governor and was elected, serving under current governor Jimmy Carter, with whom Maddox is often at odds over several issues. Carter himself just became the Democratic nominee for vice president, what likely makes Georgia one of the most contested and, on election night, watched states in this election.

Maddox' vice presidential running mate will be George P. Mahoney of Maryland; a businessman who ran - and lost - for several offices in his homestate. He was the 1966 Democratic nominee for governor. Running on a pro-segregation platform two years after President Johnson signed to Civil Rights Act into law, Mr. Mahoney was defeated by pro-civil rights Republican Spiro Agnew, who was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination this year.

Maddox and Mahoney will run as the nominees of the American Independent Party, which was founded in 1968 but didn't run a candidate that year after George Wallace declined for private reasons. Their platform calls for a repeal of most civil rights laws of the Johnson Administration, claiming it was a violation of states' rights. Other major demands are a strong law-and-order policy, congressional term-limits and a reform of campaign finance. "Giving America back to the ordinary man", is an often quoted phrase in their program. Critics accuse the candidates and supporters of racism.

What didn't came as a surprise, was George Wallace's appearance at Maddox' first rally. He and other prominent Dixiecrats endorsed - or are about to endorse - the Maddox candidacy. However, it is de-facto impossible for Maddox to get elected by winning 270 electoral votes in November. He could nevertheless throw the final decision to the House of Representatives if he wins enough southern states to prevent Kennedy or Rockefeller from winning the necessary 270 votes. That may provoke a constitutional crisis, if neither RFK nor Rocky gives up and Democrats only hold a majority with southern states, that would support Maddox. Nevertheless, this is pure speculation at this moment, though a close Kennedy/Rockefeller race increases the chances for an electoral deadlock.

The Democrats didn't immediately react to Maddox entering, though President Johnson probably wished for better news on his 64th birthday. In a brief statement, Nelson Rockefeller slammed Maddox as "a yesterday's man, who should have no business in running the country". When asked about the Maddox candidacy and whether he'd support it, Ronald Reagan said: "Although it is correct that I also want to see more things going back to the states, I do not support Lester Maddox. I support Governor Rockefeller and urge everyone else to do so". It also remains to be seen, from which side Maddox takes more support away - Democrats and Republicans?



The Maddox/Mahoney campaign's logo

[President Johnson]

August 31, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

Bobby Kennedy still in the lead, but Nelson Rockefeller is slowly closing the gap following his nomination and the apparent Republican unity. Maddox was already included in the national poll, as well as all the state's polls.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 53%
Disapprove: 40%


General election match-ups
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%

Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 6%


Polls by states

Alabama
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Lester Maddox: 33%
Nelson Rockefeller: 28%

Arkansas
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Nelson Rockefeller: 35%
Lester Maddox: 20%

California
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Connecticut
Robert F. Kennedy: 47%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Delaware
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 33%
Lester Maddox: 31%
Nelson Rockefeller: 30%

Iowa
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 3%

Illinois
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Kentucky
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Robert F. Kennedy: 36%
Lester Maddox: 17%

Maryland
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Massachusetts
Robert F. Kennedy: 53%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Michigan
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Minnesota
Robert F. Kennedy: 50%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 7%

Navada
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New York
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Lester Maddox: 1%

New Jersey
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New Mexico
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

North Carolina
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 11%

Oklahoma
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 5%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Oregon
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Pennsylvania
Robert F. Kennedy: 47%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

South Carolina
Lester Maddox: 38%
Nelson Rockefeller: 30%
Robert F. Kennedy: 26%

Tennessee
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Nelson Rockefeller: 38%
Lester Maddox: 18%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Virginia
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Washington state
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Lester Maddox: <1%

West Virginia
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 36%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Wisconsin
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%


Gallup and the New York Times also released an electoral map, reflecting the current polling numbers. Rated as toss-ups are only states in which polling is exactly tied or battleground states, that were not polled at the moment. Shadings in states that were not polled yet reflect their general rating (based on previous elections, electorate etc.). Most of them are states with a general leaning towards one party or the other.

The current map shows the “absurd” situation that Nelson Rockefeller is slightly ahead in the electoral vote, although the most recent Gallup national poll has him trailing Bobby Kennedy by three percent. However, all light blue or red shaded states are within the margin of error and could go either way in the end. For example New York and California, were both are neck-in-neck. Especially New York will be interesting to watch. RFK would likely have this state in his bag against most any other Republican, but Rocky’s big homestate bonus, where he easily won four gubernatorial elections, turns this into a battleground. Rocky is currently slightly ahead there, after the previous polls showed a small Kennedy lead.

Nelson Rockefeller: 241 electoral votes
Robert F. Kennedy: 237 electoral votes
Lester Maddox: 25 electoral votes
Tied: 35 electoral votes

Light blue/red = lead within 5%
Standard blue/red = lead between 5% and 10%
Dark blue/red = Double digit lead


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 47%
Republican: 43%


September 3, 1972: Two presidential and one vice presidential debate scheduled for autumn

For the first time since 1960, the two respective campaigns agreed that their candidates will participate in live televised debates. Two presidential debates between Bobby Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller are scheduled to take place on September 25 and October 22. The second debate will be in the format of a townhall, where selected voters directly ask the candidates their questions. In addition, there will also be – for the first time in U.S. history – a vice presidential debate on October 15 between Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford. As the debate commission decided to invite only candidates with at least 15% support nationally in opinion polls, Lester Maddox was not asked to participate so. However, that may change, as the commission confirmed. Howard K. Smith of ABC News, who already moderated the Republican debate in spring, was selected as moderator for the two presidential debates, while Barbara Walters will moderate the vice presidential showdown.

[President Johnson]

★★★ The campaign throughout September ★★★

Candidates stump the campaign trail and make their cases to the voters



Vice President Bobby Kennedy interacts with supporters at a New York campaign rally; September 5, 1972



Governor Nelson Rockefeller in the midst of a cheering crowd in Miami, Florida; September 8, 1972

As we entered September, all three major candidates and their running mates went on the campaign trail to make their case to the voters. The Kennedy campaign spent a lot of money and efforts in southern and upper southern states they believe are worth it: Tennessee, Florida, Texas, Kentucky and North Carolina. Georgia is also highly contested, as recent polls showed a near-tie between Kennedy, Maddox and Rockefeller. RFK reportedly had the largest and most enthusiastic crowds. Especially when he referred to his brother: Saying the journey JFK begun must be continued after the election. Nevertheless, Bobby Kennedy also tried to emphasize the need for a new generation to take over the United States rather than just running for "the fourth term of JFK and LBJ", although he frequently referred to the 35th and 36th president and their record that must be continued. "Governor Carter and I are standing for a new generation of leaders", Kennedy told his supporters, "but we want to stand for all Americans, regardless of age, gender or skin color."

Nelson Rockefeller launched a 50 state campaign, saying he wanted to visit every state until election day. Also in an effort to demonstrate his stamina since down-ballot Democratic candidates pointed to his age (64). Bobby Kennedy and Jimmy Carter refrained from such comments. "Attacking Governor Rockefeller's age would not just be inappropriate, it would also be an insult on our president, who is the same age", he said. Rockefeller himself did not respond to this issue. Many of his efforts are devoted to the Midwest, New York and California, where polls are very close. Among southern states, Rocky heavily targets Florida, where 17 electoral votes are at stake and polls have shown him with a fair, though not overwhelming, lead. His primary win over Ronald Reagan gives him additional confidence to carry the state, as Richard Nixon did in 1968 despite losing nationally. The Rockefeller campaign is also very active in Kentucky, were he polls ahead of Kennedy and a strong third-place Maddox, and Arkansas, where his younger brother Winthrop is the governor. In fact, Winthrop Rockefeller has been the first Republican governor in that state for a long time and Richard Nixon just barely lost four years earlier. Vice presidential nominee Gerald Ford spent most of his time in the Midwest, including his homestate of Michigan. Polls here are almost tied in most states, while the Rockefeller/Ford team is running ahead in usual battleground Ohio (the reason why Rocky decided to reduce the number of radio ads here). On the campaign trail, the Republican nominee stressed his experience in government and business, saying he could run the country effectively as a pragmatist. “Governor Rockefeller is not just talking, he makes things happen. A vote for Governor Rockefeller is a vote for results”, a prominent radio spot claimed.


Maddox harshly attacks Kennedy and Rockefeller



Lester Maddox at a Maryland rally on September 12, 1972, attacking the Democratic and Republican candidates

While Bobby Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller and their running mates abstain from personal attacks against each other, Lester Maddox does not hesitate attacking both tickets with drastic rhetoric. He denounced both of the major candidates as “out-of-touch elitists” over and over again. “One Kennedy in a century is enough. We don’t need another sonnyboy, who is the hippie's candidate”, the former Georgia governor said about RFK. He also hit Nelson Rockefeller, denouncing him as “some rich Yankee fellow who doesn’t give a damn for states’ rights”. “As citizen movement, we need to take back our country from the elites”, Maddox further said. His campaign also focused on social issues, saying he wanted to return to strict law-and-order (although the Republicans also stressed law-and-order policies) and a reinvention of religious awareness. A cornerstone of his campaign was the call for a repeal of civil rights laws, claiming they violate states’ rights.

Democratic vice presidential candidate and current governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter denounced the Maddox/Mahoney ticket, saying they are “appealing to the worst elements in our past”. Nelson Rockefeller directly confronted Maddox by describing him as “a yesterday’s man”.
 

Lyndon Johnson campaigns for RFK; Ronald Reagan engaged for Rocky



President Lyndon B. Johnson at a Texas rally for the Kennedy/Carter ticket as well as local Democratic candidates; September 16, 1972



Governor Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy on tour in California, campaigning for the Rockefeller/Ford ticket as well as down-ballot Republican candidates; September 18, 1972

As mid-September approached, President Lyndon B. Johnson finally got into the campaign on Bobby Kennedy’s behalf. Some observers speculated he would refrain due to his good personal and political relationship with Governor Rockefeller. White House insiders told the press, the president, however, phoned with the governor and told him he would campaign for Kennedy and not against Rockefeller. But in the end, LBJ’s a party’s man. Starting on September 16, LBJ made ten speeches in his homestate of Texas over four days, were RFK is slightly ahead in the polls but not granted to win, especially due to Maddox’s candidacy. Between September 20 and 24, the president also campaigned in Oklahoma, Florida and North Carolina for his vice president; praising him as “a smart leader with a compassionate vision, fully qualified to take over the job. Jack Kennedy would be proud of him.” Remarkable is that this is the first election where Lyndon Johnson and his personal friend, former Texas governor John Connally, are on opposite sides in a presidential contest. Connally, who is also famous for sitting next to President Kennedy when he was shot in Dallas in 1963, recently changed his party registration to Republican and endorsed Rockefeller for president already in late 1971. In August, Connally was named chair of the Rockefeller campaign in Texas.

Meanwhile, Ronald Reagan demonstrated his loyalty to the Republican Party: After a bitter fought battle over the Grand Old Party’s nomination, the California governor remained very present in the public eye. He stumped the campaign trail for the Rockefeller/Ford ticket and his fellow Republicans. Reagan is well aware that his homestate of California is could be critical on election night. "We can't lose a single vote in the Golden State", the governor remarked. Especially with Bobby Kennedy's popularity, the Gipper knows that his colleague from New York needs help at the West Coast. Reagan was even offered to chair the campaign in California but turned it down in favor of former Senator Thomas Kuchel (Richard Nixon was first asked, but now serves as campaign chair in Florida). It absolutely seems as Ronald Reagan has made peace with the liberal wing of his party at the moment; at least for political reasons: If he wants to run for president again, in 1976 if Rocky loses or does perform poorly in his first term, or in 1980, when a President Rockefeller would be either be term-limited or defeated for a second term, he also needs support from moderates and liberals. Therefore, it is also no surprise that he urged conservative Republicans turn out on election day. It's also reported, though not confirmed, that Rockefeller offered Reagan to take foreign missions on his behalf, should he win the presidency. That briefly led to some speculation Reagan may join a possible Rockefeller cabinet, until the Gipper said he wants to serve out his gubernatorial term until January 1975. As California doesn't have a term-limit, he is also speculated to run for a third term should the 1976 Republican nomination be safe for a President Rockefeller. Rocky himself reportedly asked the Gipper to run again and keep the nation's largest state under a Republican governor. Amidst of these speculations, Republican vice presidential candidate Gerald Ford said a Rockefeller Administration would consist members with "different political backgrounds and stances" and that Rocky would like to govern as a pragmatist rather than on ideology. "Governor Rockefeller is committed to solve problems, not appease the political right or left", Ford remarked. Vice President Kennedy responded by warning that the right wing of the Republican Party would "cripple a Rockefeller presidency".

[President Johnson]

September 22, 1972: New (pre-debate) presidential polls are out! Released by Gallup

Ahead of the first presidential debate on air, Bobby Kennedy is still leading Nelson Rockefeller in the national polls. Despite just little move in state-wide polling, the map changes in RFK's favor, a tie in New York and Illinois prevent him from hitting 270 electoral votes, while Rocky falls slightly below 200 votes. However, all margins are close enough that there can be many switches with just slightly different numbers in the battlegrounds.


General election match-ups
Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%

Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Lester Maddox: 7%


Polls by states

Alabama
Lester Maddox: 36%
Robert F. Kennedy: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 27%

Arkansas
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Nelson Rockefeller: 34%
Lester Maddox: 20%

California
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Colorado
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 36%
Lester Maddox: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 27%

Illinois
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Iowa
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Kentucky
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Lester Maddox: 17%

Maryland
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Michigan
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Minnesota
Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 7%

New Hampshire
Nelson Rockefeller: 54%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: <1%

New Jersey
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New York
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

North Carolina
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Oklahoma
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Oregon
Nelson Rockefeller: 50%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Pennsylvania
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Tennessee
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Nelson Rockefeller: 37%
Lester Maddox: 19%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 6%

Virginia
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Washington state
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Wisconsin
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 2%


State of the presidential race according the current polls:

Robert F. Kennedy: 242 electoral votes
Nelson Rockefeller: 195 electoral votes
Lester Maddox: 34 electoral votes
Tied: 67 electoral votes

Light blue/red = lead within 5%
Standard blue/red = lead between 5% and 10%
Dark blue/red = Double digit lead


September 23, 1972: Lester Maddox sues debate commission... and fails; Mahoney creates controversy over Housing Act



"The fight for our cause continues", says Lester Maddox after his lawsuit was defeated in court

Just before the first presidential debate, Lester Maddox sued the debate commission by demanding to participate. He argued that the minimum of 15% support national polls are "ridiculous" in light that he is leading some statewide polls in the South. The debate commission ahead of the decision changed the rules to "15% of national polls or ahead in five states" (Maddox is currently ahead in four). A federal court just dismissed the lawsuit on September 23, 1972, two days before Robert Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller face each other for the first time. Maddox responded by saying he would continue is fight and that such decisions would lead to "further erosion in public trust into our system." He challenged Kennedy and Rockefeller to other debate formats, but both major candidates so far showed little interest in such a discussion. Bobby Kennedy mainly ignored Maddox' attacks on him, while Rocky repeatedly called him a "yesterday's man". Jimmy Carter, however, addressed the third-party campaign and accused Moddox' running mate George Mahoney of racism when he demanded a repeal of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, saying it is a "white man's right to live in a black-free neighborhood." Nelson Rockefeller at one of his rallies slammed Mahoney in response by saying "it is everybody's right to have a Mahoney-free government."


Next: The PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE on ABC between ROBERT KENNEDY and NELSON ROCKEFELLER. Stay tuned!

[President Johnson]

September 25, 1972

★★★ THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE ★★★

★★★ Robert F. Kennedy vs. Nelson Rockefeller ★★★

HOWARD K. SMITH: Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to this first presidential debate in the 1972 election here at the historic grounds of the University of Virginia. I’m Howard K. Smith of ABC News and your moderator for tonight's debate. This is the first televised exchange for a presidential election since 1960. Now, let us welcome two major candidates for president of the United States, who received at least 15% support in national polls. Welcome Vice President Robert F. Kennedy of New York, the Democratic nominee for president. [Applause] And welcome Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York, the Republican nominee. […]

 
The economy, taxes and prosperity

Now let us begin. The first topic is the economy, taxes and achieving prosperity. My first question goes to Vice President Kennedy. Mr. Vice President, despite the recent economic recovery, we have not returned to the 1960s growth levels. Nevertheless, you have proposed billions of dollars in spending for social programs such as healthcare and education. Are you asking the American people to pay more for these programs?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: I am not asking the average citizen to pay more in taxes. I have proposed to freeze defense spending after 1974, when the spending cuts implemented by President Johnson expire. As we pulled out of Vietnam successfully, the savings give us additional funds for the most needy people in this country. With the expected growth rate of over four percent, the federal government will also collect more in taxes without raising them. That’s how we pay for proposals, that everybody will benefit of.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Your model is very optimistic, Mr. Vice President, and you know that. It is based on a sound economy over a four year period. And to be honest, in the policies you have put forward so far I don’t see many measures that lead to a return to 1960s growth rates, which would be necessary for your model. Let alone external factors beyond our control such as a worldwide slowdown. Therefore, we need different polices to promote growth to achieve prosperity for all. I have outlined such policies and believe I have the capacity to implement them.

HOWARD K. SMITH: You already mentioned it: Your economic program. Would you share some details with us, Governor Rockefeller? And afterwards, we’d like to listen to your plans, Vice President Kennedy.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Our economy can do much better than it does right now. My approach is a pragmatic one: We are implementing a 10% tax cut for low and middle incomes by 1974 what will stimulate the economy, especially the consumption market. At the same time, I will freeze defense spending immediately instead of further cuts. In addition, I will cut out waste and fraud off the federal government what will save us additional funds. I will also appoint a commission of politicians, businesspeople and the labor community to study options to deregulate certain economic segments like the energy market.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: I am opposed to a deregulation of the energy market, what will be bad for the consumer in the end. These deregulation policies often got us into trouble, and you should know better, governor. Some of these proposals were forced into the Republican platform by Governor Reagan and his friends, mainly from the Goldwater ranks. On top of my agenda is an increase of the minimum wage that will benefit the working poor. I think helping them is more important than giving away billions of dollars in tax revenue from the federal government. Money, that we need for education, economic development, urban development and the environment. From these programs and initiatives, all Americans will benefit and enjoy a higher quality of life.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Just a follow-up on that, Mr. Vice President: Does that mean, you are also opposed to tax cuts?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: I don’t believe that a tax relief in addition to the measures passed under the current administration are the best way forward. I want to be honest: We have great challenges: poverty, education, environment and infrastructure. If we want to meet these challenges and keep our fiscal house in order, we ought to leave tax rates at their current level. I’m not asking for the middle class to pay a single penny more. An increase of the minimum wage, which Governor Rockefeller obviously opposes, will automatically generate more revenue, without raising taxes. Does that mean I don’t see any room for future relieve? No. I promise to review the situation by the end of my first term and then make common-sense proposals.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: If I may… it is not correct that I oppose the minimum wage. As governor, I passed one of the first minimum wage laws in America. Just for the record. If elected president, I will study the situation and decide with lawmakers. At the moment, I see some room for an increase, though we also need the tax cut I proposed. Maybe we can link this to a tax reform? Gerald Ford and I are committed to work with congress on this.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: Well, the Republican platform avoided the subject entirely because the Reagan camp vigorously opposes a minimum wage.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: [shakes his head] I don’t know why you constantly bring up Governor Reagan during your campaign and this debate.


Foreign and defense policy


 
HOWARD K. SMITH: Thank you. I want to switch to foreign affairs and defense. Governor Rockefeller, the United States has formally withdrawn from Vietnam, yet over the past weeks hostilities between the North and South have almost doubled. If the North starts another military offensive while you are president, how would you respond?

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Well, first, I won’t lay out military strategies in advance for a hypothetical event. That would have to be discussed at the appropriate time based on the exact situation. But let me make one thing crystal-clear: If Hanoi choses to violate the Paris Accords, what I don’t hope, a Rockefeller/Ford Administration won’t stand by and watch this nation being humiliated by a third-rate country at the world stage. In addition to direct action, we would also evaluate what the roles of the Soviets and Chinese are and take prompt action. Now, don’t misunderstand, I’m in favor of détente policies for the cause of world peace, but we can’t have this as a one way street and therefore make sure Beijing and Moscow don’t get away with supporting a regime, that violates a peace treaty in its desire to take over South Vietnam, a sovereign nation. At least if evidence shows, they support an offensive, my administration would take bold action.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Thanks, your time is up, Sir. Vice President Kennedy, same question to you and your response to the governor?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: That is completely hypothetical. There have always been some battles going on between communist forces and South Vietnam in some areas, even after the treaties. If a wider operation by the North were to be executed, I would carefully evaluate the situation. However, I rule out the deployment of any American ground forces. Now, with that being said, I don’t expect this question even to be discussed in the future. We ought to hold up the Paris Peace Treaties and be involved for an even longer lasting perspective on lasting and stable peace. The final goal has to be a unified Vietnam under a democratic system and a leadership of the people’s own choice. I know, that this is far away at the moment, and as long as the country remains divided, we should prevent any further war. Governor Rockefeller in his answer did not rule out sending U.S. forces to Vietnam again. That is a clear difference between us.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: With all due respect, Mr. Vice President: Your answer is an invitation for the Vietcong and the regime to launch another attack on a sovereign nation. Because they know, we won’t respond with force, only with talk. I strongly oppose such a view, and you even depart from the policies of President Johnson and Secretary Katzenbach. And before you accuse me of talking us into a war: I don’t want to send troops or resume bombing, nobody wants this, but we have to keep all options on the table.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: So, you don’t rule it out? The Vietcong might actually start another offensive just to provoke us and divide our country as they have done in ’68. I think there is a great chance that happens. I know that you, governor, don’t want another war and would never accuse you of that. However, make no mistake about it: If the Vietcong starts such an attempt, the Republican right around Governor Reagan will push a Rockefeller Administration to a military response that includes the use of forces on the ground.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: There you go again! [laughter at the audience]

HOWARD K. SMITH: Please…

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Bobby, I don’t know what’s your obsession with Governor Reagan that you constantly bring him up? I would like to remind you that you are running against me, Nelson Rockefeller. You are not running against Ronald Reagan. During the Republican primaries, Governor Reagan and I used to have differences on certain issues or on the approach how to reach certain goals. But he is an honest man.

[President Johnson]

Civil rights and crime

HOWARD K. SMITH: Our final segment is civil rights and crime. However, I want us to focus more on crime and law and order, since there are bigger differences between you two than on civil rights. Mr. Vice President, in recent years, America experienced an unprecedented level of violence on the streets. While Republican demand a tougher law and order policy, the Johnson Administration seemed reluctant to intervene with federal resources in recent years. Just a few months ago, President Johnson said the long-term solution would be an improvement of social conditions. Is that your stance as well and what are your plans if elected?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: The president is right on this, and this is why my platform consists not only an expansion and improvement of the welfare state, but also steps to enforce civil rights laws even better. What I have proposed in addition is an increase of funds for crime prevention programs. Both for existing ones as well as new ones. We have to tackle to problems by the roots and just fight the symptoms. The solution to our problems is not just a law and order policy that Republicans call for.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: I think that you have an overall too romantic view on these problems. While I agree that we need a strict enforcement of civil rights laws or the passage of additional ones where necessary, Now, crime prevention programs: I am open for additional money, but these programs should be managed by state and local governments and not federal bureaucrats. A problem that we haven?t addressed is the abuse of drugs, that is not just happening on the streets, but also in the military. As president, I will implement a zero tolerance policy towards drugs, as I have done as New York?s governor.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: Tougher punishment won?t solve single problem on a long term basis. Instead, we dramatically increase prison population, what costs as billions of dollars and destroys lives.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Why should I abide by the rule if there is no or a weak punishment? That?s the question needs to be answered. I get it, that this alone isn?t the whole solution, but an element?


Closing statements



HOWARD K. SMITH: All right, we have to leave it there and come to the closing statements. Mr. Vice President, you go first.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: My fellow Americans: In the past twelve years, we have made giant steps towards equality and justice for all. We landed a man on the moon. Among many other things. But the vision of the New Frontier and Great Society needs continuation. Having been the servant of you in these years in the executive and legislative branches of government, I have the compassion not just to continue on this progress, but also brings that great land of ours to a higher level. Governor Carter and I offer America a new generation of leadership that America cannot just stand tall in the world, but also care for the needy and let everyone reach his or her goals by making sure, each and everybody plays by the same rules. It is that vision that drives me on and the reason why I would like to serve as your president. Let us together strive for the stars. Thank you for listening, good night and may god bless all of you.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Governor Rockefeller, your closing statement.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Thanks. My fellow Americans: In a little more than one month you will decide in free elections who will become the 37th President of the United States and lead this nation into the third century of its existence. I want America to celebrate its bicentennial under three main headlines that are our campaigns motto: Peace, freedom and prosperity. To reach these goals together with you, I laid out specific proposals and how I want to achieve them: By a pragmatic approach to governing in a partnership with you and the congress. Beholden to nobody, I want an efficient government to be the servant of the people and a voice for peace in the world. That is why Congressman Gerald Ford and I ask for your support in November. Thank you, god bless you and good night.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Thank you, Vice President Kennedy, thank you Governor Rockefeller. I also want to thank you all at home for your interest in our program, have a good night and don?t forget to vote. Election day is November the seventh.