The liberal Republic

[President Johnson]

Late June/early July 1972: Rockefeller and Reagan camps reach out to uncommitted delegates

Barely any news broke of the ongoing Republican nomination battle since the primary season ended up in a Rockefeller/Reagan deadlock. As various newspapers now report both campaign are in the process of reaching out to the uncommitted delegates. Spiro Agnew continues to abstain from endorsing either candidate but toned down his denials to reenter the race on a deadlocked convention floor, leading up to new speculation he might attempt to do so.


July 6, 1972: Kennedy’s vice presidential list down to three contenders, Albert Brewer rules out candidacy



After talking to Bobby Kennedy, Alabama Governor rules out to run for vice president. He wants to finish his gubernatorial term and is rumored to seek a seat in the senate.

On the July 4 celebrations, Alabama Governor Albert Brewer, during a speech, ruled out to be the Democratic vice presidential nominee in 1972, but pledged to support Robert Kennedy over the fall and - if elected - as president. He reportedly phoned with the vice president about the campaign. Political observers wrote the governor wants to finish out his term by early 1975 and has an eye on the upcoming 1974 senate election in Alabama. Possibly challenging incumbent John B. Allen from the left for the Democratic nomination. Governor Brewer will also be the keynote-speaker of the 1972 Democratic National Convention and chair the platform committee.

In the days leading up to the nominating convention, unconfirmed reports from the RFK campaign’s inner circle state the presumptive nominee’s vice presidential shortlist is now narrowed down to three candidates that are subject to closer vetting and interviews: Senator Stuart Symington, Governor Jimmy Carter and Secretary Orville Freeman. Bobby Kennedy said he will announce his pick at the convention.


July 10 – 13, 1972: DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION




Opening

On July 10, 1972, Democrats gathered together for their National Convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Unlike four years earlier, no riots are expected. And unlike the Republicans, there is only one Democrat left for the nomination: Vice President Bobby Kennedy. At the final day, when the nominating ballots are cast, Kennedy wants to announce his vice presidential running mate and deliver his acceptance speech. As reports indicate, his list is down to Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri and Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman is formally also among the three finalists, but political observers from the DNC now report, they don’t expect him to be picked. Accordingly, President Lyndon Johnson strongly urged RFK to pick a running mate that helps him in the South.

The July 10 opening went through with organizing stuff.


July 11: The day of the party platform and Hubert Humphrey

The second day was mainly devoted to the party platform. The most important points Democrats call for:

- Implementation of the Civil Rights policies enacted during the Johnson Administration, complete desegregation in the South and implement new policies where necessary such as the labor market.
- Universal healthcare similar to the bill sponsored by Senator Ted Kennedy
- Increase the minimum wage and link it to inflation. This part was very controversial with the moderate more business-friendly wing
- A solution for draft dodgers: RFK is supposed to come up with an amnesty plan. However, the subject was too controversial for specifics in the party platform
- Increased funding for housing
- Programs for crime prevention to fight crime on the streets

- A continuation of détente policy of President Johnson with the USSR and Red China; lasting peace in South East Asia
- Increase in foreign aid, especially in Asia and Africa to prevent the spread of communism and totalitarian regimes.



Senator Hubert Humphrey at his convention speech, in which he strongly made the case for Democrats and Vice President Kennedy as the nominee

The day was finished with a highlight: Hubert Humphrey’s speech. The senator and former candidate thanked his fellow Democrats for their support and pledged to work hard to get Bobby Kennedy elected. “We have to make sure that Vice President Kennedy enters the White House coming January. He will continue the work of the past twelve years with passion, leadership and integrity”, he remarked. And he also warned of Republicans. Especially Ronald Reagan was his target: “We as a nation can’t afford Ronald Reagan, who will undo all the great things we have archived in the times since the New Deal. This is not an Eisenhower Republican, this is Barry Goldwater all over again. Spiro Agnew won’t be much better either. And don’t be fooled by Governor Rockefeller. He’s a nice man and sounds like a moderate, but make no mistake about it: He’s not your savior and his policies would be influenced by the Republican right.” The former candidate closed his speech with a fiery pledge for civil rights and an all-inclusive society.


July 12: Major speeches and great enthusiasm



Speaker Albert encourages his fellow Democrats to fight for victory in November



Governor Albert Brewer of Alabama at the convention site, here with his wife; as keynote speaker with a passionate address to Democrats, he gets a lot of attention. Media observers regard him as a rising star of the party

July 12 was shaped by a series of speeches by notable Democrats from all over the country. The mood at the convention hall was very enthisastic. The party and its supporters seem totally fired up. The opening and keynote address was delivered by Alabama Governor Albert Brewer, who arose as a young star of his party since beating George Wallace in the 1970 race for governor. Wallace himself abstained from the convention, saying he won’t witness “the crowning of another Kennedy”. However, Governor Brewer was celebrated by the delegates and visitors. Surely, a lot of delegates would see Brewer as vice presidential candidate, but he ruled out to run for that office and is rumored to prepare a senate run in 1974. In his half hour long address, the governor spoke of civil rights, economic opportunity and called for more investments in the infrastructure. A special part was his mentioning of “the new South”. "We ought to let division, hatred, lawlessness and injustice behind us. It is time to move forward in a spirit of cooperation, understanding and frankly love. Only as a united people we can be successful. And despite our proud heritage, the south wasn't always on the right side of history. But today we came together to work towards a better future for each and everyone. And by everyone, I mean really everyone. We can't afford to let anybody behind", he remarked as the delegates cheered.

In the afternoon hours, Democratic congressional leaders including Speaker and Convention Chair Carl Albert spoke. They praised the record of the Johnson Administration and emphasized the need to build on that progress. A planned appearance by 88 year old former president Harry S. Truman had to be cancelled, as he was struggling with his health. A surprise guest speaker was Hollywood actor Cary Grant, who endorsed Bobby Kennedy. He joked of Ronald Reagan, saying “if you want a man from Hollywood, there are better choices than The Gipper. I respect him, but he would be a dangerous president”, he said.



President Johnson speaking: He defended the record of his presidency and encouraged his party to build on the progress of the JFK/LBJ years. He also spoke favorable about Bobby Kennedy and pledged to give him his full support

The evening was President Lyndon Johnson’s time. In a passionate speech, the outgoing president reflected on the now almost twelve Kennedy/Johnson years and defended his record. “We made unprecedented progress. Possibly more than in any other time in history”, the president argued. And he added: “to ensure the lasting success of this progress and the continuation of our vision, we need a president with the skills and the compassion to build on and meet challenges of the future. That man is my friend, Bobby Kennedy.”  LBJ also once more called on congress to enact the Ted Kennedy bill for an expansion of healthcare, saying the government must "invest in human capital and not solely in the pharma industry."

At the end of the day, the nation saw a Democratic National Convention energized by its leaders and the platform, which is probably the most liberal one ever. The New York Times wrote that liberals have now definitely taken over the national party.


Next: The presidential nomination, Bobby Kennedy's vice presidential pick and the road towards the Republican National Convention

[President Johnson]

July 13, 1972: Final day of the DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION

★★★ BREAKING from the DNC: BOBBY KENNEDY nominated; selects JIMMY CARTER for VICE PRESIDENT ★★★



Jimmy Carter, the governor of Georgia, here with his wife Rosalyn, has been selected as the vice presidential candidate by Bobby Kennedy

Breaking News from the Democratic National Convention: Vice President Bobby Kennedy has been nominated by the delegates as Democratic presidential nominee. He received almost 87% of all delegate votes. Right after the vote, he announced that Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter would be his vice presidential running mate. Carter publically accepted the offer and said he would fully devote himself to the campaign. With Carter's selection, the Kennedy campaign made a major decision for the fall strategy. Obviously RFK listened to LBJ's advice to pick a southerner for vice president. Jimmy Carter is certainly an asset here; especially his homestate of Georgia could be critical in November. This Democratic ticket of Kennedy at 46 years and Carter at 47 is also one of the youngest in history (both will turn 47 and 48, respectively, in October, the month before the election).

Insiders report that Kennedy made the decision based on the advice of the president and others, but also on the interviews with other candidates. Accordingly, Senator Stuart Symington demanded more influence than RFK was ready to give him. Secretary Orville Freeman, who was among the three finalists, said he would accept the offer but was concerned about the ticket's appeal in the South. It also reported that Freeman would be awarded for his loyalty by becoming Secretary of the Treasury in a Kennedy Administration. Jimmy Carter seemed interested in the position and found personal chemistry with the sitting vice president. However, all these information is not official.


The presidential ballot
✓ Robert F. Kennedy: 2,785
George Wallace: 275
Hubert Humphrey: 71
Others/abstain: 70

The vice presidential ballot
✓ Jimmy Carter: 2,711
George McGovern: 117
Henry M. Jackson: 40
George Wallace: 35
Others/abstain: 298


Jimmy Carter accepts vice presidential nomination



Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter smiles as he receives a standing-ovation from the delegates during his speech

Right after the nominating ballots were cast, Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter accepted his nomination for vice president. The highlights of his speech:

GOVERNOR CARTER: Delegates to this convention, Ladies and Gentlemen, members of the press and my fellow citizens: With a deep gratitude and a sense of humility, I accept your nomination for the vice presidency of the United States. Being entrusted with his awesome responsibility is one of the greatest honors I have received in my life. [...]

Today, I want to speak to you as a man, who grew up in the South and run a peanut farm before entering politics. But more importantly, I speak to you as a citizen concerned about our future and the future of our children. To ensure them a bright future, we must work together to eliminate any form of discrimination because of race, gender or age. We must work together to make sure each and everyone has a shot for a bright life in dignity, financial safety and access to healthcare. And we also have to make sure, we life in lasting peace. For this mission, I want to bring in my experience and knowledge to assist Robert Francis Kennedy as the next president of the United States. I will work closely with him to guide this wonderful nation of ours. [...]

Now, let us join forces as Americans. Not as Southerners or Northerners, as Easterners and Westerners. There is no such thing. We are all Americans. Now let's march as one people united in its belief in democracy, human rights and freedom. Thank you very much. Thank so very much.

During his speech and especially afterwards, Jimmy Carter received a standing-ovation from delegates. "Jimmy! Jimmy!", they screamed. It seems as his selection is well received among Democrats.


Bobby Kennedy accepts nomination for president



Vice President Robert Kennedy, as he walks on the podium the accept the Democratic nomination for president

When Bobby Kennedy walked on the podium after a brief introduction by his wife Ethel, many observers remembered the 1964 Convention, when the then-Attorney General spoke and received twenty minutes of applause. Now eight years later, there was a similar enthusiasm in the air on that occasion when RFK himself was the party's nominee. The highlights of his address:

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: My fellow Democrats, distinguished guests and members of the press, Mr. President, Senator Humphrey, Speaker Albert, Governor Brewer, Governor Carter and my fellow Americans: I cannot tell you how deeply moved I am to accept your nomination for President of the United States. [Massive applause]

Over the course of this campaign, I met many thousands of our fellow citizens. They told me about their lives and what positive impact the policies of the last two administrations had on them. But they also told me about their needs, concerns and fears. There is nobody who I remember more than a black girl in Virginia, that told me how she was struggling to find a job. Her family found a place to live thanks to our housing legislation. She also told me about her brother, who died in Vietnam. Nothing else symbolizes more the achievements and challenges in the years ahead alike. In other words, what I want to do for all of you, my fellow Americans, is simple: I want to build on the progress we made in twelve years of Kennedy and Johnson. And I want to find new solutions of new challenges that will arise in the time to come as we enter the third century of the American experience. [...] I want that every men, women and child in this nation has a fair chance for a safe home, a decent job and protection against discrimination. I also want every men, women and child to live in a lasting and stable peace.[...]

It is almost twelve years ago that we begun this journey. Thanks to my brother, our beloved John F. Kennedy, and our President Lyndon B. Johnson, we have made unimagined progress. I want to build on and renew this spirit that guided us through the 1960s and into the 1970s. Let us, we Democrats, stand united as a force of progress, liberty and peace. Let us not hand over this great country to a deeply divided Republican Party which puts the progress we've made in danger. Thank you so much. God bless you, and God bless the United States.

Massive applause; delegates scream "Bobby! Bobby! Bobby!"

As the Democratic National Conventions comes to an end, Democrats seem united and extremely energized to defend the White House. Their ticket will be KENNEDY/CARTER.



The 1972 Democratic banner

[Cold War Liberal]

KENNEDY/CARTER '72!!!
Pretty much my dream ticket right there!

[President Johnson]

July 31, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

Following the enthusiastic Democratic National Convention, the Kennedy campaign goes with momentum into the general election. He widens the gap to the Republican rivals to an unprecedented level. While President Johnson also benefits from the trend, the GOP voters are again exactly tied between Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller. Some polls on Jimmy Carter were also conducted. It seems as he is an asset to the ticket, though not an overwhelming factor.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 57%
Disapprove: 38%


Polls for the 1972 presidential race

Republican Party presidential nomination

Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 48%
Governor Ronald Reagan: 48%
Undecided: 4%

Question: Do you approve or disapprove Jimmy Carter's selection as Democratic vice presidential candidate?

Approve: 51%
Disapprove: 25%
Undecided or no opinion: 24%

Approval among Democrats: 83%

Question: Are you more or less likely to vote for the Democratic ticket with Jimmy Carter running for vice president?

More likely: 21% (among voters in former Confederate States: 52%)
Less likely: 10% (among voters in former Confederate States: 31%)
No difference: 69%


General election match-ups

Robert F. Kennedy: 52%
Ronald Reagan: 40%

Robert F. Kennedy: 51%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%

Robert F. Kennedy: 51%
Spiro Agnew: 42%


1972 congressional elections ? generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 50%
Republican: 40%


August 12, 1972: Spiro Agnew says he's "available" in the case of a deadlocked Republican Convention



"I'm available as a compromise candidate if the convention remains deadlocked", Governor Spiro Agnew now says

A little more than a week before the Republican National Convention opens its doors, Spiro Agnew made big news: He now said that he considers to reenter the race if the convention remains deadlocked between Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan. Their delegates are only bound in the first round of voting. If both fail to get a majority rather than a plurality of the votes, the delegates are released and could technically vote for anybody they want. That procedure opens the door for a compromise candidate. "If that were to happen, I would be available for the party's well-being", the Maryland governor and former candidate said, "I think either of Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Reagan should be the nominee. But if the delegates can't decide on one of them, we ought to think about a compromise candidate from the middle of the Republican spectrum. I would be ready to take over this role if entrusted by enough delegates". He first declined such plans but toned down in recent weeks.

Both the Reagan and Rockefeller camps denounced the suggestion in a first statement. The Gipper called it "undemocratic to nominate someone who won just a handful of delegates in primaries". Rocky publically agreed on this statement.


August 18, 1972: Rockefeller puts Nixon in charge as "Convention Campaign Chair" to secure nomination



Is Tricky Dick back? Nelson Rockefeller puts him in charge to operate as his campaign's convention chair

Another big news days before the Republican National Convention: Nelson Rockefeller officially put Richard Nixon in charge as his campaign's convention chairman. Nixon's task is to make sure that all uncommitted delegates who pledged to vote for the New York governor so far keep their word. The former two-time GOP nominee, who endorsed Rocky back in January, is also expected to lead last-minute talks with the remaining uncommitted delegates that didn't endorse a candidate even after weeks of negotiations from both camps. Political observers described Nixon's hiring as "smart move" due to his skills and knowledge of the political process. "Will Nixon be Tricky Dick again?" titled the Washington Post in reference to Nixon's nickname.

The day after, Ronald Reagan named Senator Bob Taft Jr. (R-OH) as his campaign's convention floor manager. The Republican nomination remains as enthralling as a Hollywood thriller.

So far, Nelson Rockefeller has a very small advantage in bound delegates, but he can't rely on this. The odds are almost 50/50 between him and Ronald Reagan.


August 21 ? 23, 1972: REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION



Miami Beach, Florida: On a hot summer day, Republicans came together for their nominating convention. It will be the great and ultimate showdown between Nelson Rockefeller, the leader of the liberal wing, and Ronald Reagan, the leader of the conservative wing. The event will be subject to massive media covering around the world. There is also an unprecedented number of foreign journalists, especially from Europe and Latin America.

August 21: The opening, organization and first major speeches



Before regular order begun, both candidates met for a personal conversation

Right after the convention opened and the two major camps organized themselves, Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan met in a Hotel Suite for a personal conversation. Afterwards, not much was made public. Both only commented that it was a "friendly talk with mutual respect".


The question over the naming of the vice presidential candidates in advance

Usually the organizing section is relatively uneventful, but the Reagan camp introduced a rule that would require both contenders to name a vice presidential candidate in advance. It was rumored that Reagan would pick Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee for vice president. Rockefeller's choice was wide open, but Spiro Agnew was frequently named to be on top of the list. The Rockefeller camp meanwhile fought hard to reject this rule, and they succeeded, as it was narrowly voted down. As various News Channels reported, Richard Nixon was mainly responsible to vote this statute down. Nixon in general seemed very present and talked to several delegates and other officeholders. One observer said "Tricky Dick is everywhere I watch."



Senator Howard Baker (R-TN), a moderate, is reportedly Reagan's choice for the vice president. But as a proposed rule to name running mates in advance was defeated, the announcement was not made yet.


High profile speakers


Senator Barry Goldwater and former Governor Bill Scranton

The day closed with two high profile speakers from each faction to speak. First was Senator and 1964 nominee Barry Goldwater (R-AZ), who made the case for Ronald Reagan in his speech. After his speech, former Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton spoke on behalf of the liberals and urged to support Nelson Rockefeller. However, both speakers were not interrupted and they didn't attack the other candidate personally.


August 22: The party platform

Political observers who hoped to read a trend which faction had actually an advantage were disappointed when the platform was implemented. Both sides got some victories, but a lot of other points were very vague. At least on topics with disagreements. More detailed were sections were both largely agreed (like a tougher law and order policy).

Main Republican goals:

- Tax cuts for the middle class and business to stimulate growth [a compromise, with a small tendency towards the Reagan camp].
- Deregulation of the Energy Market [victory for Reagan positions]
- Less bureaucracy in the federal government and a commission to study waste and fraud [both candidates largely agreed on this]
- Tougher law and order policy and more prevention [both sides agreed]
- Social Security, Medicare and Medical remain intact, fully funded and improved. Waste and fraud were it exists has to be eliminated [mainly a victory for Team Rockefeller]
- The Republican Party is committed to anti-discrimination laws and calls for more women in leading positions [mainly agreed by both sides, small tendency towards Rockefeller]
- More funds for the infrastructure [largely a Rockefeller priority]
- The war on poverty has to be reorganized and more autonomy to the states [victory for Reagan]

- A tougher stance against the communist block without ending current talks [mainly a Reagan priority]
- A deeper partnership with Latin America [a Rockefeller goal, tough the Reagan camp agreed on the headline, no details given]
- Stop decreasing the defense spending [largely a compromise; Rockefeller wanted to slow down the post-Vietnam budget cuts by the Johnson Administration, while Reagan wanted at least a freeze and later an increase]

The day ended with speeches of the congressional leadership (Senator and Convention Chair Hugh Scott and House Minority Leader Gerald Ford).


Next: The GREAT showdown at the presidential ballot and the shortlist for the vice presidential nomination!

[Kingpoleon]

Rockefeller/Goldwater or Rockefeller/Hatfield doesn’t sound too bad.

[Jaguar4life]

I’m calling for a Reagan/Rockefeller ticket to unite the party

[President Johnson]

August 23, 1972: Final day of the REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION

★★★ BREAKING from RNC: ROCKY CLINCHES!! ★★★

Breaking News from the Republican National Convention: Nelson Rockefeller clinches presidential nomination by razor-thin margin on first ballot, defeating rival Ronald Reagan.



Age: 46
Homestate: Tennessee
Experience: U.S. Senator from Tennessee since 1967
Why he is considered: Originally reported to be Ronald Reagan's vice presidential choice, Tenneessee Senator Howard Baker would also be a good pick for Nelson Rockefeller. A moderate, he comes from the Upper South and could add strenght to the ticket in a region, that is largely skeptical towards the New York governor. At 46 years, he's also from a younger generation compared to Rockefeller at 64. Furthermore, Baker has a full six year senate term in experience (and is currently running for reelection in November). However, he's not personally familar with the newly selected nominee and widely unknown outside of Tennessee.

The following individuals were mentioned as potential candidates but publically denied interest: Former Governor George Romney (R-MI), Former Governor William Scranton (R-PA), Senator Edward Brooke (R-MA), Senator Margarethe Chase-Smith (R-ME), Senator Barry Goldwater (R-AZ), Senator John Tower (R-TX), Senator and Minority Leader Hugh Scott (R-PA), Senator Richard Schweiker (R-PA) and former Senator Thomas Kuchel (R-CA).

[Sir Mohamed]

I'm excited about this TL! Keep it going! Looking forward to a Rockefeller versus Kennedy race. I'd favor RFK, but would be fine with Rockefeller as well.

[President Johnson]

★★★ BREAKING: THE ROCKEFELLER VICE PRESIDENTIAL PICK: It?s GERALD FORD! ★★★



Congressman and House Minority Leader Gerald Ford of Michigan has been selected for the vice presidential spot

Breaking News from the Republican National Convention: The Rockefeller campaign officially announced the selection of Representative and House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford of Michigan as Nelson Rockefeller?s vice presidential running mate. The 59 year old congressman, who has 24 years of experience at Capitol Hill, has accepted the governor?s offer to join the ticket. According to insiders, Rockefeller wanted to offer the position to Ford first, while Oregon senator Mark Hatfield was the second choice. George Romney was reportedly the major force behind the selection of his fellow man from Michigan and is, according to observers, almost certain to assume a top-cabinet job if Rockefeller gets elected. The pragmatic and well-liked Ford is supposed to strengthen the ticket in the Mid-West and, if elected, ease the passage of major legislation.


Ronald Reagan addresses convention



Before Rockefeller, Ford and their wives could give their speeches, Ronald Reagan delivers his address. The hall cheered as the Gipper entered the stage. ?Ron! Ron! Ron!?, screamed hundreds of delegates. Many of them held their Reagan signs high and swung the American flag.

GOVERNOR REAGAN: Governor Rockefeller, Mrs. Rockefeller, Congressman Ford, Mrs. Ford, Senator Scott, delegates to this 1972 Republican convention, distinguished guests here and my fellow Americans: First, let me thank you so much for your lasting support. I cannot tell you how grateful Nancy and I are for your support and warm welcome. First of all, let me congratulate my colleague and friend, Nelson Rockefeller, for winning the Republican nomination for president. And may I personally note, that the kindness of yourself, Governor, and Mrs. Rockefeller is something that Nancy and I greatly remember. Now you asked me to say a few words, yet I have only prepared for a victory speech [convention hall laughs]. Well, now, let me first remark, that I believe the Republican Party has enacted a platform, that gives us hope for future. Hope, to regain our national greatness through growth, opportunity, self-determination and a strong stance on the world stage. Hope, to move this country into a different direction, than the other party offers. They tell us once again, that higher taxes, more bureaucracy, further violation of private rights and a selling out of American value and prestige in the world are the answer to the problems of our day. I reject that message. [massive applause] [...] Now let us work together from this the day forward, to offer the people of this great nation a cause to rally upon, so that America can be once again that shining city upon a hill. Thank you very very much.

At the end, Ronald Reagan received a standing ovations from the convention delegates, guests as well as the podium. Even a lot of Rockefeller supporters gave him a massive applause. He left the podium not as beaten contender, but more as a "almost nominee". It didn't seem as his days were over at all, despite narrowly losing the nomination in his first try.


Gerald Ford accepts vice presidential nomination



After the vice presidential balloting was completed, with Gerald Ford winning over 85% of the vote, Representative Gerald Ford gave his speech to accept the nomination for vice president. He was introduced by his wife Betty.

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Governor Rockefeller, Mrs. Rockefeller, Governor Reagan, Mrs. Reagan, delegates to this convention and my fellow citizens: Thank you! I thank you from the bottom of my heart for your confidence that you put in me. I humbly accept your nomination for vice president of the United States. [Applause]. I spoke before this convention yesterday already as candidate for Speaker of the House. Now, all of a sudden, I stand before you as a candidate for President of the Senate [laughter goes through hall]. Aware of the immense challenges ahead, I look forward to be a true partner for President-to-be Rockefeller and help him in any way possible. I want to use the relationships to my colleagues in the congress to pass an agenda that will help out nation to prosper and remain that arsenal of democracy that we have been for over two centuries. [...] Let me finish by once more thanking Governor Rockefeller for his trust and confidence in me. I am deeply honored to represent our party in this upcoming election and look forward to contribute to our victory on November the seventh. Thank you all.


Nelson Rockefeller gives acceptance speech



Last but not least was Nelson Rockefeller's acceptance speech. He was greeted by a massive applause when his wife Happy introduced him as the next president of the United States.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Wow! Thank you! My gallant wife Happy, Governor Reagan, Mrs. Reagan, Congressman Ford and Mrs. Ford, Chairman Scott, delegates to this convention, distinguished guests, members of the press and my fellow Americans, all the millions that are watching: With a deep gratitude and a sense of humility, I accept the nomination of President of the United States! [Massive applause, "Rocky! Rocky!" calls] Now, first, let me thank my for approving my suggestion to nominate Congressman Gerald Ford for the vice presidency. I have no doubt he will make a great vice president, of which this nation can be proud of. Let me also thank very much my friend Ronald Reagan for a very tough but fair fight and a contest of ideas over the last months. I know how it feels like running for and not winning the nomination. But you, Ron, you came much closer than me in your first attempt [laughter goes through hall]. And I do believe, that your best days are still ahead. Like I believe, that America's best days are still ahead. That, however, requires bold leadership in the years ahead. The motto of our campaign is Peace, Freedom and Prosperity. These are my goals for America, as we are on the brink to enter the third century of this great experiment. I want to make sure, that each and everyone in this country has a shot to succeed. No matter of race, color and gender. Therefore, as president, I will do everything to eliminate discrimination against anyone. Especially women and blacks must be target of your efforts. [...] Peace through strength and respect for human rights around the globe. Through the rule of law, not through violence. Through partnerships, especially with countries of Latin America and Africa. To spread democracy, a free-market economy and prosperity with it. To stabilize world peace, that we, our children and grandchildren, can live in peace. [...] Prosperity through a pragmatic approach to economic policy. As less intervention as possible, as much as needed to preserve fair conditions, to protect to environment. I also call upon a massive investment into our infrastructure and improve our schools [...] And freedom through the rule of law and a respect for every American who is playing by the rules. [...] That is the vision Congressman Ford and I offer America. And as a great general once said: There is no substitute for victory!

As Nelson Rockefeller finished his speech, he received standing-ovations and a minutes long applause. They delegates cheered and hold their Rockefeller-Ford signs high.

Now that Republican National Convention closed, the general election will be KENNEDY/CARTER versus ROCKEFELLER/FORD.



Republican campaign signs for 1972


August 25, 1972: Polling special! Released by Gallup

Two days after Nelson Rockefeller's nomination, Gallup conducted a series of polls for the presidential race. Bobby Kennedy is still in the lead, but a "convention bump" for the Republicans is already measureable. Gallup also asked about Gerald Ford and, for the first time, some states were polled.


General election match-up

Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%

Question: Do you approve or disapprove Gerald Ford's selection as Republican vice presidential candidate?

Approve: 45%
Disapprove: 23%
Undecided or no opinion: 32%

Approval among Republicans: 80%


Question to Reagan supporters: Do you plan to vote for Nelson Rockefeller in the general election?

Yes, definitely: 39%
Lean yes: 28%
Lean no: 20%
Certainly not: 13%


Polls by states (potential battlegrounds)

Alabama
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 37%

California
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%

Iowa
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%

Michigan
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%

New York
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%

Wisconsin
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%

[FEMA Camp Administrator]

Lol, you somehow still got part of the campaign to be Ford v Carter.

[President Johnson]

August 27, 1972

★★★ BREAKING: Former Georgia Governor LESTER MADDOX launches third-party presidential campaign ★★★



BREAKING NEWS from Savannah, Georgia: Lester Maddox officially launches a third-party presidential campaign. The former Georgia governor and his running mate, Maryland businessman George P. Mahoney, are running as candidates for the newly founded anti-establishment American Independent Party to oppose Robert Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller in the November general election.

"America needs a real choice in November. But when I look at the nominees of the two major parties, all I can see are two out-of-touch elitists. Two liberal East Coast establishment career politicians, that come from the wealthiest families in this country. And these two fellows tell us, they stand for the common man? That is a joke!", said former Georgia governor Lester Maddox at his first campaign event in Savannah, Georgia. A crowd of over 5,000 cheered, as Maddox was standing in the sun. "It is about time that the ordinary American takes back this nation from the arrogance of the Washington insiders and elites, who don't give a damn for states' rights as prescribed in the American constitution", he continued his speech. And added: "In just a few years, lawlessness has spread all over this country, an erosion of morality taken place and holy things like family and faith have been under siege. I, like millions of Americans, won't stand by and witness the next out-of-touch elitist, whether his name may be Kennedy or Rockefeller, take over and bankrupt this country."

He has long been a critic of the political establishment and the party elites in Washington, but now he officially entered the ring: Former Georgia Governor Lester Maddox, actually a conservative southern Democrat, declared a presidential run to oppose Vice President Bobby Kennedy, Democratic nominee, and Governor Nelson Rockefeller, the Republican nominee. With George Wallace taking himself out of consideration, already eying a comeback in the Alabama gubernatorial election of 1974, Lester Maddox is the most famous Dixiecrat in the country. Supporting racial segregation, he served as governor of his state from 1967 to 1971. He had to step down after one four year term during the 1970 election, since the Georgia constitution still prohibits governors to seek immediate reelection. Instead, he ran for lieutenant governor and was elected, serving under current governor Jimmy Carter, with whom Maddox is often at odds over several issues. Carter himself just became the Democratic nominee for vice president, what likely makes Georgia one of the most contested and, on election night, watched states in this election.

Maddox' vice presidential running mate will be George P. Mahoney of Maryland; a businessman who ran - and lost - for several offices in his homestate. He was the 1966 Democratic nominee for governor. Running on a pro-segregation platform two years after President Johnson signed to Civil Rights Act into law, Mr. Mahoney was defeated by pro-civil rights Republican Spiro Agnew, who was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination this year.

Maddox and Mahoney will run as the nominees of the American Independent Party, which was founded in 1968 but didn't run a candidate that year after George Wallace declined for private reasons. Their platform calls for a repeal of most civil rights laws of the Johnson Administration, claiming it was a violation of states' rights. Other major demands are a strong law-and-order policy, congressional term-limits and a reform of campaign finance. "Giving America back to the ordinary man", is an often quoted phrase in their program. Critics accuse the candidates and supporters of racism.

What didn't came as a surprise, was George Wallace's appearance at Maddox' first rally. He and other prominent Dixiecrats endorsed - or are about to endorse - the Maddox candidacy. However, it is de-facto impossible for Maddox to get elected by winning 270 electoral votes in November. He could nevertheless throw the final decision to the House of Representatives if he wins enough southern states to prevent Kennedy or Rockefeller from winning the necessary 270 votes. That may provoke a constitutional crisis, if neither RFK nor Rocky gives up and Democrats only hold a majority with southern states, that would support Maddox. Nevertheless, this is pure speculation at this moment, though a close Kennedy/Rockefeller race increases the chances for an electoral deadlock.

The Democrats didn't immediately react to Maddox entering, though President Johnson probably wished for better news on his 64th birthday. In a brief statement, Nelson Rockefeller slammed Maddox as "a yesterday's man, who should have no business in running the country". When asked about the Maddox candidacy and whether he'd support it, Ronald Reagan said: "Although it is correct that I also want to see more things going back to the states, I do not support Lester Maddox. I support Governor Rockefeller and urge everyone else to do so". It also remains to be seen, from which side Maddox takes more support away - Democrats and Republicans?



The Maddox/Mahoney campaign's logo

[President Johnson]

August 31, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

Bobby Kennedy still in the lead, but Nelson Rockefeller is slowly closing the gap following his nomination and the apparent Republican unity. Maddox was already included in the national poll, as well as all the state's polls.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 53%
Disapprove: 40%


General election match-ups
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%

Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 6%


Polls by states

Alabama
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Lester Maddox: 33%
Nelson Rockefeller: 28%

Arkansas
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Nelson Rockefeller: 35%
Lester Maddox: 20%

California
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Connecticut
Robert F. Kennedy: 47%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Delaware
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 33%
Lester Maddox: 31%
Nelson Rockefeller: 30%

Iowa
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 3%

Illinois
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Kentucky
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Robert F. Kennedy: 36%
Lester Maddox: 17%

Maryland
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Massachusetts
Robert F. Kennedy: 53%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Michigan
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Minnesota
Robert F. Kennedy: 50%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 7%

Navada
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New York
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Lester Maddox: 1%

New Jersey
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New Mexico
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

North Carolina
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 11%

Oklahoma
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 5%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Oregon
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Pennsylvania
Robert F. Kennedy: 47%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

South Carolina
Lester Maddox: 38%
Nelson Rockefeller: 30%
Robert F. Kennedy: 26%

Tennessee
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Nelson Rockefeller: 38%
Lester Maddox: 18%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Virginia
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Washington state
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Lester Maddox: <1%

West Virginia
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 36%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Wisconsin
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%


Gallup and the New York Times also released an electoral map, reflecting the current polling numbers. Rated as toss-ups are only states in which polling is exactly tied or battleground states, that were not polled at the moment. Shadings in states that were not polled yet reflect their general rating (based on previous elections, electorate etc.). Most of them are states with a general leaning towards one party or the other.

The current map shows the “absurd” situation that Nelson Rockefeller is slightly ahead in the electoral vote, although the most recent Gallup national poll has him trailing Bobby Kennedy by three percent. However, all light blue or red shaded states are within the margin of error and could go either way in the end. For example New York and California, were both are neck-in-neck. Especially New York will be interesting to watch. RFK would likely have this state in his bag against most any other Republican, but Rocky’s big homestate bonus, where he easily won four gubernatorial elections, turns this into a battleground. Rocky is currently slightly ahead there, after the previous polls showed a small Kennedy lead.

Nelson Rockefeller: 241 electoral votes
Robert F. Kennedy: 237 electoral votes
Lester Maddox: 25 electoral votes
Tied: 35 electoral votes

Light blue/red = lead within 5%
Standard blue/red = lead between 5% and 10%
Dark blue/red = Double digit lead


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Democrat: 47%
Republican: 43%


September 3, 1972: Two presidential and one vice presidential debate scheduled for autumn

For the first time since 1960, the two respective campaigns agreed that their candidates will participate in live televised debates. Two presidential debates between Bobby Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller are scheduled to take place on September 25 and October 22. The second debate will be in the format of a townhall, where selected voters directly ask the candidates their questions. In addition, there will also be – for the first time in U.S. history – a vice presidential debate on October 15 between Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford. As the debate commission decided to invite only candidates with at least 15% support nationally in opinion polls, Lester Maddox was not asked to participate so. However, that may change, as the commission confirmed. Howard K. Smith of ABC News, who already moderated the Republican debate in spring, was selected as moderator for the two presidential debates, while Barbara Walters will moderate the vice presidential showdown.

[Sir Mohamed]

LOL at Maddox. I predict he will underperform Wallace ’68 in real life, though he may force an EC deadlock. In the end, I think RFK wins narrowly by carrying NY and GA with very close margins.

I'm curious to see a Carter/Ford VP debate.

[President Johnson]

★★★ The campaign throughout September ★★★

Candidates stump the campaign trail and make their cases to the voters



Vice President Bobby Kennedy interacts with supporters at a New York campaign rally; September 5, 1972



Governor Nelson Rockefeller in the midst of a cheering crowd in Miami, Florida; September 8, 1972

As we entered September, all three major candidates and their running mates went on the campaign trail to make their case to the voters. The Kennedy campaign spent a lot of money and efforts in southern and upper southern states they believe are worth it: Tennessee, Florida, Texas, Kentucky and North Carolina. Georgia is also highly contested, as recent polls showed a near-tie between Kennedy, Maddox and Rockefeller. RFK reportedly had the largest and most enthusiastic crowds. Especially when he referred to his brother: Saying the journey JFK begun must be continued after the election. Nevertheless, Bobby Kennedy also tried to emphasize the need for a new generation to take over the United States rather than just running for "the fourth term of JFK and LBJ", although he frequently referred to the 35th and 36th president and their record that must be continued. "Governor Carter and I are standing for a new generation of leaders", Kennedy told his supporters, "but we want to stand for all Americans, regardless of age, gender or skin color."

Nelson Rockefeller launched a 50 state campaign, saying he wanted to visit every state until election day. Also in an effort to demonstrate his stamina since down-ballot Democratic candidates pointed to his age (64). Bobby Kennedy and Jimmy Carter refrained from such comments. "Attacking Governor Rockefeller's age would not just be inappropriate, it would also be an insult on our president, who is the same age", he said. Rockefeller himself did not respond to this issue. Many of his efforts are devoted to the Midwest, New York and California, where polls are very close. Among southern states, Rocky heavily targets Florida, where 17 electoral votes are at stake and polls have shown him with a fair, though not overwhelming, lead. His primary win over Ronald Reagan gives him additional confidence to carry the state, as Richard Nixon did in 1968 despite losing nationally. The Rockefeller campaign is also very active in Kentucky, were he polls ahead of Kennedy and a strong third-place Maddox, and Arkansas, where his younger brother Winthrop is the governor. In fact, Winthrop Rockefeller has been the first Republican governor in that state for a long time and Richard Nixon just barely lost four years earlier. Vice presidential nominee Gerald Ford spent most of his time in the Midwest, including his homestate of Michigan. Polls here are almost tied in most states, while the Rockefeller/Ford team is running ahead in usual battleground Ohio (the reason why Rocky decided to reduce the number of radio ads here). On the campaign trail, the Republican nominee stressed his experience in government and business, saying he could run the country effectively as a pragmatist. “Governor Rockefeller is not just talking, he makes things happen. A vote for Governor Rockefeller is a vote for results”, a prominent radio spot claimed.


Maddox harshly attacks Kennedy and Rockefeller



Lester Maddox at a Maryland rally on September 12, 1972, attacking the Democratic and Republican candidates

While Bobby Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller and their running mates abstain from personal attacks against each other, Lester Maddox does not hesitate attacking both tickets with drastic rhetoric. He denounced both of the major candidates as “out-of-touch elitists” over and over again. “One Kennedy in a century is enough. We don’t need another sonnyboy, who is the hippie's candidate”, the former Georgia governor said about RFK. He also hit Nelson Rockefeller, denouncing him as “some rich Yankee fellow who doesn’t give a damn for states’ rights”. “As citizen movement, we need to take back our country from the elites”, Maddox further said. His campaign also focused on social issues, saying he wanted to return to strict law-and-order (although the Republicans also stressed law-and-order policies) and a reinvention of religious awareness. A cornerstone of his campaign was the call for a repeal of civil rights laws, claiming they violate states’ rights.

Democratic vice presidential candidate and current governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter denounced the Maddox/Mahoney ticket, saying they are “appealing to the worst elements in our past”. Nelson Rockefeller directly confronted Maddox by describing him as “a yesterday’s man”.
 

Lyndon Johnson campaigns for RFK; Ronald Reagan engaged for Rocky



President Lyndon B. Johnson at a Texas rally for the Kennedy/Carter ticket as well as local Democratic candidates; September 16, 1972



Governor Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy on tour in California, campaigning for the Rockefeller/Ford ticket as well as down-ballot Republican candidates; September 18, 1972

As mid-September approached, President Lyndon B. Johnson finally got into the campaign on Bobby Kennedy’s behalf. Some observers speculated he would refrain due to his good personal and political relationship with Governor Rockefeller. White House insiders told the press, the president, however, phoned with the governor and told him he would campaign for Kennedy and not against Rockefeller. But in the end, LBJ’s a party’s man. Starting on September 16, LBJ made ten speeches in his homestate of Texas over four days, were RFK is slightly ahead in the polls but not granted to win, especially due to Maddox’s candidacy. Between September 20 and 24, the president also campaigned in Oklahoma, Florida and North Carolina for his vice president; praising him as “a smart leader with a compassionate vision, fully qualified to take over the job. Jack Kennedy would be proud of him.” Remarkable is that this is the first election where Lyndon Johnson and his personal friend, former Texas governor John Connally, are on opposite sides in a presidential contest. Connally, who is also famous for sitting next to President Kennedy when he was shot in Dallas in 1963, recently changed his party registration to Republican and endorsed Rockefeller for president already in late 1971. In August, Connally was named chair of the Rockefeller campaign in Texas.

Meanwhile, Ronald Reagan demonstrated his loyalty to the Republican Party: After a bitter fought battle over the Grand Old Party’s nomination, the California governor remained very present in the public eye. He stumped the campaign trail for the Rockefeller/Ford ticket and his fellow Republicans. Reagan is well aware that his homestate of California is could be critical on election night. "We can't lose a single vote in the Golden State", the governor remarked. Especially with Bobby Kennedy's popularity, the Gipper knows that his colleague from New York needs help at the West Coast. Reagan was even offered to chair the campaign in California but turned it down in favor of former Senator Thomas Kuchel (Richard Nixon was first asked, but now serves as campaign chair in Florida). It absolutely seems as Ronald Reagan has made peace with the liberal wing of his party at the moment; at least for political reasons: If he wants to run for president again, in 1976 if Rocky loses or does perform poorly in his first term, or in 1980, when a President Rockefeller would be either be term-limited or defeated for a second term, he also needs support from moderates and liberals. Therefore, it is also no surprise that he urged conservative Republicans turn out on election day. It's also reported, though not confirmed, that Rockefeller offered Reagan to take foreign missions on his behalf, should he win the presidency. That briefly led to some speculation Reagan may join a possible Rockefeller cabinet, until the Gipper said he wants to serve out his gubernatorial term until January 1975. As California doesn't have a term-limit, he is also speculated to run for a third term should the 1976 Republican nomination be safe for a President Rockefeller. Rocky himself reportedly asked the Gipper to run again and keep the nation's largest state under a Republican governor. Amidst of these speculations, Republican vice presidential candidate Gerald Ford said a Rockefeller Administration would consist members with "different political backgrounds and stances" and that Rocky would like to govern as a pragmatist rather than on ideology. "Governor Rockefeller is committed to solve problems, not appease the political right or left", Ford remarked. Vice President Kennedy responded by warning that the right wing of the Republican Party would "cripple a Rockefeller presidency".

[President Johnson]

September 22, 1972: New (pre-debate) presidential polls are out! Released by Gallup

Ahead of the first presidential debate on air, Bobby Kennedy is still leading Nelson Rockefeller in the national polls. Despite just little move in state-wide polling, the map changes in RFK's favor, a tie in New York and Illinois prevent him from hitting 270 electoral votes, while Rocky falls slightly below 200 votes. However, all margins are close enough that there can be many switches with just slightly different numbers in the battlegrounds.


General election match-ups
Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%

Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Lester Maddox: 7%


Polls by states

Alabama
Lester Maddox: 36%
Robert F. Kennedy: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 27%

Arkansas
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Nelson Rockefeller: 34%
Lester Maddox: 20%

California
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Colorado
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 36%
Lester Maddox: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 27%

Illinois
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Iowa
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Kentucky
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Lester Maddox: 17%

Maryland
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Michigan
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Minnesota
Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 7%

New Hampshire
Nelson Rockefeller: 54%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: <1%

New Jersey
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New York
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

North Carolina
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Oklahoma
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Oregon
Nelson Rockefeller: 50%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Pennsylvania
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Tennessee
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Nelson Rockefeller: 37%
Lester Maddox: 19%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 6%

Virginia
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Washington state
Robert F. Kennedy: 48%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Wisconsin
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 2%


State of the presidential race according the current polls:

Robert F. Kennedy: 242 electoral votes
Nelson Rockefeller: 195 electoral votes
Lester Maddox: 34 electoral votes
Tied: 67 electoral votes

Light blue/red = lead within 5%
Standard blue/red = lead between 5% and 10%
Dark blue/red = Double digit lead


September 23, 1972: Lester Maddox sues debate commission... and fails; Mahoney creates controversy over Housing Act



"The fight for our cause continues", says Lester Maddox after his lawsuit was defeated in court

Just before the first presidential debate, Lester Maddox sued the debate commission by demanding to participate. He argued that the minimum of 15% support national polls are "ridiculous" in light that he is leading some statewide polls in the South. The debate commission ahead of the decision changed the rules to "15% of national polls or ahead in five states" (Maddox is currently ahead in four). A federal court just dismissed the lawsuit on September 23, 1972, two days before Robert Kennedy and Nelson Rockefeller face each other for the first time. Maddox responded by saying he would continue is fight and that such decisions would lead to "further erosion in public trust into our system." He challenged Kennedy and Rockefeller to other debate formats, but both major candidates so far showed little interest in such a discussion. Bobby Kennedy mainly ignored Maddox' attacks on him, while Rocky repeatedly called him a "yesterday's man". Jimmy Carter, however, addressed the third-party campaign and accused Moddox' running mate George Mahoney of racism when he demanded a repeal of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, saying it is a "white man's right to live in a black-free neighborhood." Nelson Rockefeller at one of his rallies slammed Mahoney in response by saying "it is everybody's right to have a Mahoney-free government."


Next: The PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE on ABC between ROBERT KENNEDY and NELSON ROCKEFELLER. Stay tuned!

[President Johnson]

September 25, 1972

★★★ THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE ★★★

★★★ Robert F. Kennedy vs. Nelson Rockefeller ★★★

HOWARD K. SMITH: Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to this first presidential debate in the 1972 election here at the historic grounds of the University of Virginia. I’m Howard K. Smith of ABC News and your moderator for tonight's debate. This is the first televised exchange for a presidential election since 1960. Now, let us welcome two major candidates for president of the United States, who received at least 15% support in national polls. Welcome Vice President Robert F. Kennedy of New York, the Democratic nominee for president. [Applause] And welcome Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York, the Republican nominee. […]

 
The economy, taxes and prosperity

Now let us begin. The first topic is the economy, taxes and achieving prosperity. My first question goes to Vice President Kennedy. Mr. Vice President, despite the recent economic recovery, we have not returned to the 1960s growth levels. Nevertheless, you have proposed billions of dollars in spending for social programs such as healthcare and education. Are you asking the American people to pay more for these programs?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: I am not asking the average citizen to pay more in taxes. I have proposed to freeze defense spending after 1974, when the spending cuts implemented by President Johnson expire. As we pulled out of Vietnam successfully, the savings give us additional funds for the most needy people in this country. With the expected growth rate of over four percent, the federal government will also collect more in taxes without raising them. That’s how we pay for proposals, that everybody will benefit of.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Your model is very optimistic, Mr. Vice President, and you know that. It is based on a sound economy over a four year period. And to be honest, in the policies you have put forward so far I don’t see many measures that lead to a return to 1960s growth rates, which would be necessary for your model. Let alone external factors beyond our control such as a worldwide slowdown. Therefore, we need different polices to promote growth to achieve prosperity for all. I have outlined such policies and believe I have the capacity to implement them.

HOWARD K. SMITH: You already mentioned it: Your economic program. Would you share some details with us, Governor Rockefeller? And afterwards, we’d like to listen to your plans, Vice President Kennedy.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Our economy can do much better than it does right now. My approach is a pragmatic one: We are implementing a 10% tax cut for low and middle incomes by 1974 what will stimulate the economy, especially the consumption market. At the same time, I will freeze defense spending immediately instead of further cuts. In addition, I will cut out waste and fraud off the federal government what will save us additional funds. I will also appoint a commission of politicians, businesspeople and the labor community to study options to deregulate certain economic segments like the energy market.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: I am opposed to a deregulation of the energy market, what will be bad for the consumer in the end. These deregulation policies often got us into trouble, and you should know better, governor. Some of these proposals were forced into the Republican platform by Governor Reagan and his friends, mainly from the Goldwater ranks. On top of my agenda is an increase of the minimum wage that will benefit the working poor. I think helping them is more important than giving away billions of dollars in tax revenue from the federal government. Money, that we need for education, economic development, urban development and the environment. From these programs and initiatives, all Americans will benefit and enjoy a higher quality of life.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Just a follow-up on that, Mr. Vice President: Does that mean, you are also opposed to tax cuts?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: I don’t believe that a tax relief in addition to the measures passed under the current administration are the best way forward. I want to be honest: We have great challenges: poverty, education, environment and infrastructure. If we want to meet these challenges and keep our fiscal house in order, we ought to leave tax rates at their current level. I’m not asking for the middle class to pay a single penny more. An increase of the minimum wage, which Governor Rockefeller obviously opposes, will automatically generate more revenue, without raising taxes. Does that mean I don’t see any room for future relieve? No. I promise to review the situation by the end of my first term and then make common-sense proposals.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: If I may… it is not correct that I oppose the minimum wage. As governor, I passed one of the first minimum wage laws in America. Just for the record. If elected president, I will study the situation and decide with lawmakers. At the moment, I see some room for an increase, though we also need the tax cut I proposed. Maybe we can link this to a tax reform? Gerald Ford and I are committed to work with congress on this.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: Well, the Republican platform avoided the subject entirely because the Reagan camp vigorously opposes a minimum wage.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: [shakes his head] I don’t know why you constantly bring up Governor Reagan during your campaign and this debate.


Foreign and defense policy


 
HOWARD K. SMITH: Thank you. I want to switch to foreign affairs and defense. Governor Rockefeller, the United States has formally withdrawn from Vietnam, yet over the past weeks hostilities between the North and South have almost doubled. If the North starts another military offensive while you are president, how would you respond?

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Well, first, I won’t lay out military strategies in advance for a hypothetical event. That would have to be discussed at the appropriate time based on the exact situation. But let me make one thing crystal-clear: If Hanoi choses to violate the Paris Accords, what I don’t hope, a Rockefeller/Ford Administration won’t stand by and watch this nation being humiliated by a third-rate country at the world stage. In addition to direct action, we would also evaluate what the roles of the Soviets and Chinese are and take prompt action. Now, don’t misunderstand, I’m in favor of détente policies for the cause of world peace, but we can’t have this as a one way street and therefore make sure Beijing and Moscow don’t get away with supporting a regime, that violates a peace treaty in its desire to take over South Vietnam, a sovereign nation. At least if evidence shows, they support an offensive, my administration would take bold action.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Thanks, your time is up, Sir. Vice President Kennedy, same question to you and your response to the governor?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: That is completely hypothetical. There have always been some battles going on between communist forces and South Vietnam in some areas, even after the treaties. If a wider operation by the North were to be executed, I would carefully evaluate the situation. However, I rule out the deployment of any American ground forces. Now, with that being said, I don’t expect this question even to be discussed in the future. We ought to hold up the Paris Peace Treaties and be involved for an even longer lasting perspective on lasting and stable peace. The final goal has to be a unified Vietnam under a democratic system and a leadership of the people’s own choice. I know, that this is far away at the moment, and as long as the country remains divided, we should prevent any further war. Governor Rockefeller in his answer did not rule out sending U.S. forces to Vietnam again. That is a clear difference between us.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: With all due respect, Mr. Vice President: Your answer is an invitation for the Vietcong and the regime to launch another attack on a sovereign nation. Because they know, we won’t respond with force, only with talk. I strongly oppose such a view, and you even depart from the policies of President Johnson and Secretary Katzenbach. And before you accuse me of talking us into a war: I don’t want to send troops or resume bombing, nobody wants this, but we have to keep all options on the table.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: So, you don’t rule it out? The Vietcong might actually start another offensive just to provoke us and divide our country as they have done in ’68. I think there is a great chance that happens. I know that you, governor, don’t want another war and would never accuse you of that. However, make no mistake about it: If the Vietcong starts such an attempt, the Republican right around Governor Reagan will push a Rockefeller Administration to a military response that includes the use of forces on the ground.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: There you go again! [laughter at the audience]

HOWARD K. SMITH: Please…

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Bobby, I don’t know what’s your obsession with Governor Reagan that you constantly bring him up? I would like to remind you that you are running against me, Nelson Rockefeller. You are not running against Ronald Reagan. During the Republican primaries, Governor Reagan and I used to have differences on certain issues or on the approach how to reach certain goals. But he is an honest man.

[President Johnson]

Civil rights and crime

HOWARD K. SMITH: Our final segment is civil rights and crime. However, I want us to focus more on crime and law and order, since there are bigger differences between you two than on civil rights. Mr. Vice President, in recent years, America experienced an unprecedented level of violence on the streets. While Republican demand a tougher law and order policy, the Johnson Administration seemed reluctant to intervene with federal resources in recent years. Just a few months ago, President Johnson said the long-term solution would be an improvement of social conditions. Is that your stance as well and what are your plans if elected?

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: The president is right on this, and this is why my platform consists not only an expansion and improvement of the welfare state, but also steps to enforce civil rights laws even better. What I have proposed in addition is an increase of funds for crime prevention programs. Both for existing ones as well as new ones. We have to tackle to problems by the roots and just fight the symptoms. The solution to our problems is not just a law and order policy that Republicans call for.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: I think that you have an overall too romantic view on these problems. While I agree that we need a strict enforcement of civil rights laws or the passage of additional ones where necessary, Now, crime prevention programs: I am open for additional money, but these programs should be managed by state and local governments and not federal bureaucrats. A problem that we haven?t addressed is the abuse of drugs, that is not just happening on the streets, but also in the military. As president, I will implement a zero tolerance policy towards drugs, as I have done as New York?s governor.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: Tougher punishment won?t solve single problem on a long term basis. Instead, we dramatically increase prison population, what costs as billions of dollars and destroys lives.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Why should I abide by the rule if there is no or a weak punishment? That?s the question needs to be answered. I get it, that this alone isn?t the whole solution, but an element?


Closing statements



HOWARD K. SMITH: All right, we have to leave it there and come to the closing statements. Mr. Vice President, you go first.

VICE PRESIDENT KENNEDY: My fellow Americans: In the past twelve years, we have made giant steps towards equality and justice for all. We landed a man on the moon. Among many other things. But the vision of the New Frontier and Great Society needs continuation. Having been the servant of you in these years in the executive and legislative branches of government, I have the compassion not just to continue on this progress, but also brings that great land of ours to a higher level. Governor Carter and I offer America a new generation of leadership that America cannot just stand tall in the world, but also care for the needy and let everyone reach his or her goals by making sure, each and everybody plays by the same rules. It is that vision that drives me on and the reason why I would like to serve as your president. Let us together strive for the stars. Thank you for listening, good night and may god bless all of you.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Governor Rockefeller, your closing statement.

GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER: Thanks. My fellow Americans: In a little more than one month you will decide in free elections who will become the 37th President of the United States and lead this nation into the third century of its existence. I want America to celebrate its bicentennial under three main headlines that are our campaigns motto: Peace, freedom and prosperity. To reach these goals together with you, I laid out specific proposals and how I want to achieve them: By a pragmatic approach to governing in a partnership with you and the congress. Beholden to nobody, I want an efficient government to be the servant of the people and a voice for peace in the world. That is why Congressman Gerald Ford and I ask for your support in November. Thank you, god bless you and good night.

HOWARD K. SMITH: Thank you, Vice President Kennedy, thank you Governor Rockefeller. I also want to thank you all at home for your interest in our program, have a good night and don?t forget to vote. Election day is November the seventh.

[President Johnson]

Setember 27, 1972

Post-debate polls: Most viewers see Nelson Rockefeller as winner

Ad-hoc polls released on September 27, 1972, showed that most viewers regard Nelson Rockefeller as the winner of the first debate. The New York governor also ahead in most categories.


Q: Who you think won the debate over all?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 52%
Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 36%
Undecided or tie: 12%
 

Q: Who won the argument about the economy and taxes?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 56%
Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 33%
Undecided or tie: 11%
 

Q: Who you think won the debate over foreign policy?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Undecided or tie: 9%


Q: Who do you think won the argument over crime?
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 53%
Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Undecided or tie: 9%


Q: Who do you think brings more experience to table and has the better administrative skills?
Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Undecided or tie: 12%
 

Q: Who did you find more authentic and likeable?
Vice President Robert F. Kennedy: 51%
Governor Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Undecided or tie: 8%


September 30, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

The tide is turning! Nelson Rockefeller's good debate performance gives him a boost in the polls. He's now leading the national polls and also ahead in the state electoral count. President Lyndon B. Johnson's approval rating has remained stable in the low to mid-50s during the entire year.

President Johnson job approval
Approve: 54%
Disapprove: 40%


General election match-ups
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%

Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 5%


Polls by states

Alabama
Lester Maddox: 37%
Robert F. Kennedy: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 28%

Alaska
Nelson Rockefeller: 51%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Arkansas
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Nelson Rockefeller: 33%
Lester Maddox: 18%

California
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Delaware
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 3%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 37%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 34%
Lester Maddox: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 30%

Illinois
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 3%

Iowa
Nelson Rockefeller: 48%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Kentucky
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Lester Maddox: 18%

Maryland
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Michigan
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 5%

Nevada
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New Jersey
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 3%

New York
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

North Carolina
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Oklahoma
Nelson Rockefeller: 48%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Pennsylvania
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Tennessee
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Nelson Rockefeller: 36%
Lester Maddox: 19%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 39%
Lester Maddox: 7%

Virginia
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 38%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Washington state
Robert F. Kennedy: 49%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Wisconsin
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 1%


The current polling map by state (in states that weren't polled this time, the previous numbers or partisan leaning are used):

(✓) Nelson Rockefeller: 298 electoral votes
Robert F. Kennedy: 203 electoral votes
Lester Maddox: 34 electoral votes
Tied: 3 electoral votes

Light blue/red = lead within 5%
Standard blue/red = lead between 5% and 10%
Dark blue/red = Double digit lead


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Republican: 46%
Democrat: 45%


October 1, 1972: Bobby Kennedy promises amnesty for all Vietnam draft dodgers



How to deal with thousands of draft dodgers of the Vietnam era? This was a question that came up as an issue in recent months. Many of them fled to Canada or Europe and couldn’t come back to the United States due to potential prosecution. Several public voices demanded amnesty or some form of clemency. Senator George McGovern (D-SD) was at the forefront of such efforts, but President Johnson, who has the sole power to grant pardons or amnesty for federal crimes, has shown little interest in the subject so far. Vice President Kennedy meanwhile had long been in favor of some clemency, but avoided the subject to avoid a controversy with his boss. However, sources now claim, LBJ was not against RFK publically demanding so. During an October 1 Michigan rally, Kennedy announced his support for an unconditional amnesty for Vietnam-era draft-dodgers. “I stand before you as a representative of an administration that ended the military draft. The next step is that we allow Americans back into the country, who avoided being drafted under an unfair system at that time”, the vice president said. “It is time we put Vietnam to rest once and give these young men the chance to come out of the shadows and live the American dream”, RFK added. He also said he would issue an unconditional amnesty shortly after the swearing-in.

Nelson Rockefeller immediately responded by rejecting an unconditional amnesty. During a joint appearance with Ronald Reagan in California, he said: “I oppose amnesty as proposed by Mr. Kennedy. While I don’t want to return to a draft, it was unlawful at the time to desert from military service. Nevertheless, I recognize that this issue needs to be addressed appropriately. If elected president, I will develop a detailed plan that allows draft-dodgers to come back and apply for a pardon under certain conditions. We ought to grant a second chance, but not for free.”

Third-party candidate Lester Maddox tried to use this opportunity to come back into the public spotlight after not being invited to debate, vigorously rejected any clemency and accused RFK of “immorality and lawlessness” and spoke of a “giveaway for traitors”. He rejects any form of clemency and cites draft dodgers as one reason “why morality has been under siege in America.”

[President Johnson]

The first half of October



Governor Nelson Rockefeller on the campaign trail in New York City; October 7, 1972

On October 4, 1972, the debate over healthcare resumed when Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) once more tried to force his universal healthcare bill through the senate committee. However, his efforts were not successful and even President Johnson now showed little hope to pass anything of significance during the remaining congressional session. However, he frequently spoke about the measure and said Bobby Kennedy would get it done as president. RFK, although he frequently mentioned healthcare for all and expressed his staunch support for the bill, tried to gain some ground back after his modestly successful debate performance. During the first half of October, the Rockefeller/Ford camp mainly set the topics of the campaign: The New York governor repeatedly stressed a tougher law and order policy and called for more restrictive anti-drug laws. The issue was also one were all Republicans agreed as Rockefeller received strong support from conservatives for his comments. Generally, it seemed that the conservative wing of the party finally assembled behind Rocky. Ronald Reagan now toured the whole country for the ticket as well as down-ballot Republican candidates (both liberal and conservative contenders). The Gipper also appeared in a handful of television ads and political talk shows. In addition, the Republicans tried to attack Bobby Kennedy on his spending proposals. Vice presidential nominee Gerald Ford, already preparing for his debate with Jimmy Carter, warned of "out of control spending that would cause inflation and bankrupt our treasury."


October 15, 1972

★★★ THE VICE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE ★★★

★★★ Jimmy Carter vs. Gerald Ford ★★★

Highlights of the debate

BARBARA WALTERS: Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen. It is my pleasure to welcome you to the first vice presidential debate in American history in this 1972 presidential election; live from San Francisco. My name is Barbara Walters of ABC News, and I’m your moderator tonight. Now, let us welcome the two major candidates for the second highest office in the nation: Please welcome Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia, the Democratic candidate for vice president, who is running alongside the incumbent vice president, Robert F. Kennedy. [Applause] And let us also welcome Representative and House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford of Michigan, the Republican candidate for vice president, who is running on a ticket together with New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. [Applause]. Welcome to both of you once again here from San Francisco, California.

Now, let us begin. My first question, which goes to both of you, is what the American people can expect of you. In other words: What would be your role as vice president? Congressman Ford, we start with you.

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Thank you Barbara and the League of women voters for hosting us tonight. You asked what kind of a vice president I would be? I would continue the tradition of post-World War II vice presidents, especially with Richard Nixon, that were actively involved in the administration’s policy, advise the president and his cabinet and take over certain responsibilities that the president asks for. Governor Rockefeller already offered me to play a role in dealing with the congress, and I believe that with over two decades of experience in the House I can be helpful to implement his agenda. In addition, Governor Rockefeller offered me to be involved in foreign affairs and travel the world on his behalf and represent this great nation of ours. That would describe my role as vice president.

GOVERNOR CARTER: Thank you very much for this important question. Probably the most important question in this debate. Now, I would have a great role model in the vice presidency, should I be entrusted with this high office. And that is Robert Kennedy himself. I believe that he has filled this role with passionate convictions and great honor over the last four years. Similar to President Johnson gave him, Robert Kennedy would give me certain responsibilities to assist him in governing and coming up with own projects and ideas. He asked me to chair a commission to reform the government apparatus as I have done as governor of the great state of Georgia. I would also travel and talk to world leaders on President Kennedy’s behalf. It would be a great honor for me.

BARBARA WALTERS: Thank you. I just want to follow-up on this for moment: Governor Carter, you already mentioned that Robert Kennedy encouraged you to come up with own initiatives as vice president. What would be such a project you like to focus on as vice president?

GOVERNOR CARTER: As I already mentioned, I would like to focus to make government more efficient as I have done in Georgia. That would also include negotiations with states over the management of certain programs like Medicaid and federal aid for education. As a state governor, I think that I have to knowledge to be involved in this particular subject and advise the president.

BARBARA WALTERS: Congressman Ford, same question to you.

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Well, there are several challenges we face, and therefore I find it difficult to single out one particular issue. Together with Nelson Rockefeller, I intend to focus on three big headlines, that are our campaigns motto: Peace, freedom and prosperity. I’m sure we will talk about each one more in detail during this debate, as did the two presidential nominees on September 25.

[…]

BARBARA WALTERS: Alright. The next question is about you and your running mates. On which issues or character aspects do you differ with your nominee? We start with Congressman Ford. Go ahead.

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Well, I don’t think that there are any major differences between Governor Rockefeller and myself. I would not have accepted his offer in case of larger disagreements on policy or a personal dislike. And I think he wouldn’t either. Does that mean we have a hundred percent the same views and approaches to reach certain goals? No. Of course not. But I think we can discuss any differences with openness and candor and find a good and pragmatic solution. Nevertheless, the president makes the final decisions in any administration.

GOVERNOR CARTER: I actually agree with the general points Congressman Ford has made. I would like to add that Robert Kennedy and I have very different personal backgrounds. He comes from a Massachusetts family with influence and has over a decade of experience in the federal government. I’m a Southerner and grew up and worked on a peanut farm and served as governor of the great state of Georgia for almost two years. But that only reflects how diverse America is. And Robert Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson over the past four years prove that such a constellation can work very well.

[President Johnson]

BARBARA WALTERS: Thank you both. Governor Carter, I want to come to the issue of civil rights. While you ran for governor in 1970, you adopted moderate segregationist views and ran on such a platform. But when you became governor, you declared that the times of racial segregation and discrimination are once and for all over. Some voters actually felt betrayed by your move and accused you of flip-flopping or a basic lack of convictions. What is your response to that, and what are your views on civil rights? And can voters this fall expect that a Kennedy/Carter Administration will not change positions after getting in?

GOVERNOR CARTER: I have specified my views and tone after the 1970 election and expressed my views at both my gubernatorial inaugural address, as well as my speech at the Democratic National Convention. I can assure you that a Kennedy/Carter Administration will be a strong and passionate advocate of civil rights, justice and equality. And you can be sure that I will do everything I can to advance those who need assistance by the federal government in exercising their basic rights that are granted in both the U.S. constitution as well as the civil rights legislation enacted under the Johnson Administration.

BARBARA WALTERS: Your response, congressman?

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Well, Barbara, you name it. I think it is highly questionable that Governor Carter ran on a different rhetoric than he later governed. Probably he felt he couldn’t win this election by being open from the beginning on. Let me be clear, I don’t question Governor Carter’s commitment to civil rights, but the question about his statements prior and after the Georgia election is something my opponent has to explain to the voters. With that being said, I’d like to add that I have been in favor of civil rights over my entire public career and as member of the House I voted in favor of all major legislation on this subject. I would also like to point out that Nelson Rockefeller has long been a champion for civil rights, enacting legislation in New York and donating for civil rights leaders. A Rockefeller/Ford Administration will stand up for civil liberty and equal rights; for minorities and women alike.

BARBARA WALTERS: Just to follow-up, on that, governor: Does that mean you would not run the same campaign again?

GOVERNOR CARTER: There is always something you can do different in the past. We ought to learn from it and do better in the future. That’s my general view.

BARBARA WALTERS: You want to comment on that, Congressman Ford?

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: No, I don’t have a comment. Thank you.

[…]

BARBARA WALTERS: As we are nearing the end, I want you to get into foreign policy briefly. Congressman Ford, the issue of Vietnam and how deal with a potential violation of the Paris agreement has been discussed in the last presidential debate and the campaign trail. So, if North Vietnam was to launch a new offensive on the south, how would you advise Nelson Rockefeller if you two get elected?

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: Here I can just repeat what Governor Rockefeller already made clear: We do not intend to get involved into another military confrontation and we are willing to keep up the Paris Peace Accords. If the communists chose to challenge us, we will respond with diplomatic pressure and military action. What exactly I would recommend depends on the circumstances, but I would certainly not want America to be humiliated again.

BARBARA WALTERS: The same question to you, Governor Carter. How would advise Robert Kennedy in such a situation?

GOVERNOR CARTER: I fully agree with Robert Kennedy that we should not get into another ground war. Of course, we will stand by our ally South Vietnam, not just militarily, to uphold the 1971 Peace Accords. Everything else will depend on the situation.

BARABRA WALTERS: But you would favor a limited military operation?

GOVERNOR CARTER: That, as a I said, depends on the situation. Of course we need some military action should our personnel be directly threatened.

[…]

BARBARA WALTERS: Now it is time for the closing statement. Congressman Ford goes first, then Governor Carter.

REPRESENTATIVE FORD: My fellow Americans: I am not standing here today as Republican vice presidential nominee for my personal benefit, nor does Governor Rockefeller in this campaign. We are reaching out to each and everyone of you because we, with our skills and eperience, are guided by the belief and the compassion that we can serve the American people in an administration of honesty and pragmatism to promote growth, progress, liberty and world peace. These core principals are the engine of our campaign and I hope we convinced you that this is the right choice for America. So that you will entrust as with America's leadership on November the seventh. Thank you, good night and god bless all of you.

GOVERNOR CARTER: My fellow Americans: Tonight I came before you as a candidate for the American vice presidency. I grew up and worked on peanut farm. But I have been fortunate enough to serve as governor of the state Georgia and now been asked by Robert Kennedy to be his vice presidential candidate. This is a great honor. The reason I am here is because I want all Americans to strive for their hopes and dreamers, no matter of gender, race or color. In a world of peace, stability and economic prosperity. This is the America Robert Francis Kennedy and I want to work for every single day if we are entrusted with the leadership of our great country. Thank you for listening, good night and may god bless all of you.

BARBARA WALTERS: That was our debate of the two major candidates for vice president. I hope you enjoyed our program. Good night.


October 16, 1972

Post-debate polls: Gerald Ford mainly seen as winner



Ad-hoc polls released on October 16, 1972, showed a second Republican win after the presidential debate and Nelson Rockefeller's subsequently rising numbers: Most viewers felt that Gerald Ford won the contest on air. Similar to the presidential debate, Democrat Jimmy Carter seemed a little more sympathic as person, while Gerald Ford made a good impression with his knowledge and political skills.


Q: Who you think won the debate over all?
Representative Gerald Ford: 51%
Governor Jimmy Carter: 34%
Undecided or tie: 15%

Q: Who you think has the better qualifications to be vice president or (if necessary) to assume the presidency?
Representative Gerald Ford: 57%
Governor Jimmy Carter: 30%
Undecided or tie: 13%

Q: Who did you find more likeable as a person?
Governor Jimmy Carter: 44%
Representative Gerald Ford: 39%
Undecided or tie: 17%

[Sir Mohamed]

Very well written! It was fun how RFK had his there you go again moment in the first debate.

[America Needs R'hllor]

This is great! Actually, I'd answer that Carter won the VP debate- his answer about the VP role was great, while Ford was vague and didn't really say anything.

[Joey1996]

Hmm, I'm assuming this election prolongs the realignment of the parties? At least until 1980

[President Johnson]

October 17, 1972: New polls are out! Released by Gallup

Nelson Rockefeller remains in the lead, as the first polls after the vice presidential debate were released. It looks like the Republican ticket gained significant ground since their nominating convention. Meanwhile, swing state polls remain extremely close: California is tied again after Rocky took a small lead the last time. On the other hand, he has polled slightly ahead in New York and, for the first time, in Pennsylvania. Wisconsin is back in the Kennedy column, while Illinois is tied in this poll. Rockefeller has also taken the lead in Delaware and Arkansas. The latter is close race between him and Kennedy, since Maddox is taking about a fifth of the vote here. Although the state is usually leaning Democratic, Rocky benefits from his brother Winthrop, who is the sitting governor of the state and actively engaged for his brother.


General election match-ups
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%

Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 5%


Polls by states

Arizona
Nelson Rockefeller: 52%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Arkansas
Nelson Rockefeller: 35%
Robert F. Kennedy: 32%
Lester Maddox: 17%

California
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

Connecticut
Robert F. Kennedy: 50%
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Delaware
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Florida
Nelson Rockefeller: 44%
Robert F. Kennedy: 39%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Georgia
Robert F. Kennedy: 36%
Lester Maddox: 30%
Nelson Rockefeller: 27%

Illinois
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 4%

Iowa
Nelson Rockefeller: 48%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Kentucky
Nelson Rockefeller: 41%
Robert F. Kennedy: 35%
Lester Maddox: 18%

Maryland
Robert F. Kennedy: 45%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Michigan
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Missouri
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Lester Maddox: 5%

Montana
Nelson Rockefeller: 54%
Robert F. Kennedy: 40%
Lester Maddox: 1%

New Jersey
Nelson Rockefeller: 47%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 3%

New Mexico
Nelson Rockefeller: 49%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: 2%

New York
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

North Carolina
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Nelson Rockefeller: 42%
Lester Maddox: 10%

Ohio
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 41%
Lester Maddox: 2%

Pennsylvania
Nelson Rockefeller: 46%
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Lester Maddox: 1%

South Carolina
Robert F. Kennedy: 34%
Lester Maddox: 34%
Nelson Rockefeller: 25%

Tennessee
Robert F. Kennedy: 42%
Nelson Rockefeller: 38%
Lester Maddox: 17%

Texas
Robert F. Kennedy: 44%
Nelson Rockefeller: 40%
Lester Maddox: 8%

Vermont
Nelson Rockefeller: 52%
Robert F. Kennedy: 43%
Lester Maddox: <1%

Virginia
Nelson Rockefeller: 45%
Robert F. Kennedy: 37%
Lester Maddox: 9%

Wisconsin
Robert F. Kennedy: 46%
Nelson Rockefeller: 43%
Lester Maddox: 1%


The current polling map by state (in states that weren't polled this time, the previous numbers or partisan leaning are used):

(✓) Nelson Rockefeller: 293 electoral votes
Robert F. Kennedy: 140 electoral votes
Lester Maddox: 26 electoral votes
Tied: 79 electoral votes

Light blue/red = lead within 5%
Standard blue/red = lead between 5% and 10%
Dark blue/red = Double digit lead


1972 congressional elections – generic ballot

For which candidate would you vote in the congressional elections?

Republican: 46%
Democrat: 43%

[President Johnson]

The road ahead in mid/late October

Kennedy/Carter campaign tries to regain lost ground



Vice President Kennedy gives an autograph at a rally in Pennsylvania; October 16, 1972

As Nelson Rockefeller consolidated his polling numbers following the vice presidential debate and the lack of interest on the draft dodgers issue, the Kennedy campaign increased the number of ads in key states. The candidate also appeared on local radio shows during his campaign trips and tried to go back into the offensive with new policy proposals: A massive infrastructure package with hundreds of billions of dollars, a national agency to oversee environmental protection and a job program for women. Nelson Rockefeller subsequently accused Kennedy of “lending if not stealing ideas”. At the same time, the Republican candidate said he would run such an environmental agency more effectively than Democrats. He also pointed out that infrastructure was originally his proposal, as the governor demanded infrastructure investments during the Republican primaries already. A New York Times political analyst, reflecting on Rocky’s surge, wrote that the Democratic campaign basically lacked a defining political issue in this campaign, “party because Democrats ran and tried to implement all these policies for years, and because Nelson Rockefeller seemed to offer popular measures as well with a fresh and new approach after twelve years of Democratic presidents.”

Nevertheless, many political observers still expected Kennedy to win a close race in the end and quite three major reasons: First, the fascination from the name Kennedy and his visibility as vice president in the last four years; second the lack of a major foreign and domestic policy crisis and third the solid approval rating of President Lyndon Johnson. Lester Maddox turned out to be less of a risk, according to polls, as he was taking support away from Republicans as well.


Reports over an alleged RFK-Marilyn Monroe affair and the rumored "secret agreement with Rocky"



Comes an alleged affair with Marilyn Monroe back to haunt Bobby Kennedy in the election?

Various magazines, on October 17, started printing stories about an alleged affair between Robert Kennedy and late actress and model Marilyn Monroe a decade earlier. Unnamed sources claimed the then-Attorney General carried on the affair with the actress early in his brother's administration. Late President Kennedy, according to these reports, also had an affair with Monroe prior to his younger brother. The Los Angeles Times picked up the story and wrote on October 19 that sources close to Republican National Committee Robert Finch spread the story (Finch is the lieutenant governor of California and was nominated for the position with the support of both Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan after Richard Nixon suggested his appointment). Accordingly, the affair ended with Monroe's tragic death in August 1962 at the age of 36.

Although down-ballot Republican candidates as well as George Romney addressed the issue, Nelson Rockefeller himself declined to comment. As did his running mate Gerald Ford. On October 21, 1972, one day before the final television debate between the two major nominees, newspapers wrote that there was a secret agreement between them: Nelson Rockefeller would not comment on the alleged affair with Monroe, while the Kennedy campaign would abstain from bringing up Rockefeller's remarriage with Happy Rockefeller in 1963 (some rumors suggested that Rocky himself had been engaged with various private secretaries). Something similar was already rumored to be a secret accord between Rockefeller and Reagan during the Republican primaries, since the Gipper himself also divorced and later re-married with his wife Nancy.



Nelson Rockefeller and his wife Margaretta Fitler Rockefeller, known as "Happy": Both divorced from their previous spouses in 1962 and got remarried a year later, what hurt the governor politically. According to unofficial sources, Rocky agreed to silence about an alleged relationship between RFK and Marilyn Monroe. In return, Bobby Kennedy would not bring up the remarriage issue again.