I'll go with 17. These are the key facts:
In December 2012, doctors told him that his disease was not able to be cured. That was when he made his list and decided to put his energy into raising money for young people with cancer.
On May 14, 2014, Stephen passed away in his sleep. He was 19.
This is confusing. He found out at 15 that he had cancer, and there is no indication that he decided to raise it later, from observing the second and third paragraphs.
In 2012, when the guy was 17, is when he found out it was terminal, yet the reading also says that's when it says that he decided to raise money as well.
The inferential reading says he was 15 when he likely first decided to do it, but the literal reading (separating the first three paragraphs as meaningless context only) says he was 17 when he decided and actually started doing it (?).
-shrugs-