How will interplanetary politics develop?

[John Dule]

Let's say, hypothetically, that mankind begins to establish permanent settlements within the Solar System over the course of the next hundred years. If those settlements begin to develop some sort of political autonomy, how will they be governed? By some sort of aristocratic/meritocratic technocracy? What will relations be like between the governments of Earth and their subsidiary governments on other worlds? When will those extraterrestrial settlements actually break away from their native Earth governments and become states in their own right? How will land claims be managed on worlds like the Moon and Mars? Will there be any kind of racial/class-based resentment between humans from Mars and humans from Earth?

[Blue3]

Watch the Expanse, I think it handles this realistically.

[PSOL]

There will be strong parallels between what politics looks like right now on Earth, and the future IN SPACE! Such parallels include territory “above ground”, wars for resource exploitation, etc.

[Del Tachi]

Nation-statehood is a uniquely Industrial Era invention that will probably not outlive the current century.  I don't think nation-states will be the primary polity of the post-industrial (i.e., "Space") age.     

If I had to guess, I'd say that space societies of the future will probably resemble something akin to industrial "company towns" - with the private enterprises financing space exploration/settlement also being primary polities. 

[Kingpoleon]

Pierce Brown’s Red Rising is pretty interesting on this. Also probably the best sci-fi book series since the John Carter/Barsoom series by Edgar Rice Burroughs.