List of Alternate Presidents

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

1. George Washington (Independent) April 30, 1789-December 14, 1799 [1]
2. John Adams (Federalist) December 14, 1799-March 4, 1801*
3. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) March 4, 1801-July 4, 1826
4. Henry Clay (National) July 4, 1826-June 29, 1852**
5. Daniel Webster (National) June 29, 1852-October 24, 1852*
6. Stephen Douglas (Democratic) October 24, 1852-June 3, 1861**
7. William H. Seward (Republican) June 3, 1861-July 16, 1862*
8. Abraham Lincoln (Republican) July 16, 1862-May 13, 1867 [2]
9. William H. Seward (Republican) May 13, 1867-July 1, 1868*
10. Phillip Sheridan (Republican) July 1, 1868-August 5, 1888
11. James G. Blaine (Republican) August 5, 1888-September 4, 1889*
12. James B. Weaver (Reform) September 4, 1889-February 6, 1912
13. Thomas R. Marshall (Reform) February 6, 1912-June 1, 1925**
14. Burton K. Wheeler (Reform) June 1, 1825-February 6, 1975**
15. Spiro T.  (Republican) February 6, 1975-July 9, 1980 [3]
16. Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr. (Reform) July 9, 1980-July 31, 1981*
17. Mario Cuomo (Reform) July 31, 1981-January 1, 2015
18. John McCain (Republican) January 1, 2015-present*


*Assumed office on death of the previous president
**Assumed office on death of previous president, elected in own right in subsequent election

[1] The Constitutional Convention grants the president a life term and . In the event of the president's death, the Speaker of the Senate assumes the office until a new president is elected.
[2] Election prompted the Civil War.
[3] First president to be impeached

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

"Founding Mothers"
The American Revolution results, not just in the overthrow of a monarch, but in the overthrow of the standing societal structure.
1. Abigail Adams (Independent, Federalist) 1789-1797
2. Margaret Corbin (Federalist) 1797-1800*
3. Mercy Otis Warren (Democratic-Republican) 1800-1809
4. Dolley Madison-Payne (Democratic-Republican) 1809-1817
5. Mary Kies-Dixon (Democratic-Republican) 1817-1821
6. Sarah Hale-Buell (Federalist) 1821-1829
7. Harriet Hunt (Federalist) 1829-1837
8. Maria Mitchell (Liberty) 1837-1845
9. Elizabeth Stanton-Cady (Liberty) 1845-1853
10. Antoinette Brown (Liberty) 1853-1857
11. Mary Lincoln-Todd (Democratic) 1857-1865
12. Harriet Tubman (Liberty) 1865-1872
13. Susan B. Anthony (Liberty) 1872-1881
14. Lucy Hayes-Webb (Liberty) 1881-1889
15. Harriet Stowe-Beecher (Prohibition) 1889-1893
16. Belva Ann Lockwood-Bennet (Liberty) 1893-1901
17. Susana M. Salter-Kinsey (Prohibition) 1901-1909
18. Nellie Taft-Herron (Liberty) 1909-1910
19. Jane Addams (Liberty, Reform) 1909-1917
20. Ida Tarbell (Reform) 1917-1925
21. Alice Longworth-Roosevelt (Prohibition, American) 1925-1932
22. Lou Hoover-Henry (American) 1932-1941
23. Eleanor Roosevelt (Reform) 1941-1952
24. Francis Perkins (Reform) 1952-1961
25. Margaret Smith-Chase (American) 1961-1969
25. Patsy Mink (Reform) 1969-1977
26. Rosalynn Carter-Smith (Reform) 1977-1985
27. Elizabeth Dole-Hanford (American) 1985-1997
28. Hillary Clinton-Rodham (American) 1997-2001
29. Barbara Boxer-Levy (Reform) 2001-2009
30. Martin O'Malley (Reform) 2009-present [1]

*=died in office
[1] First male president

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

Democratic Reign (1932-present)

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) 1932-1945
33. Harry S. Truman (Democratic) 1945-1953
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Democratic) 1953-1961
35. Estes Kefauver (Democratic) 1961-1963*
36. John F. Kennedy (Democratic) 1963-1969
37. Nelson Rockefeller (Republican) 1969-1977
38. George Romney (Republican) 1977-1981
39. James E. Carter (Democratic) 1981-1989
40. Edward Kennedy (Democratic) 1989-1997
41. Jerry Brown (Democratic) 1997-2005
42. John McCain (Republican) 2005-2009
43. Joseph R. Biden (Democratic) 2009-present

*Assassinated

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

1. George Washington (Independent) 1789-1797
2. John Adams (Federalist) 1797-1805

News of successful negotiations with France reach America a few weeks earlier than in OTL, throwing the election to President Adams. In his second term, Adams signs the repeal of the Alien and Sedition Acts, purchases Louisiana from France, and wrests control of the Federalist Party from the Hamiltonian "High Federalists".

3. John Marshall (Federalist) 1805-1813
4. DeWitt Clinton (Republican) 1813-1821

Elected with the support of moderate Federalists attracted by his support for internal improvements, Clinton narrowly defeats his Federalist opponent in 1812 and goes on to win a second term. He is widely credited by historians for moving the Republicans closer to the political center and away from such unpopular positions as nullification and opposition to the National Bank, ensuring the party's survival.

5. Richard Rush (Federalist) 1821-1825
6. James Monroe (Republican) 1825-1831
7. Henry Clay (Republican) 1831-1833
8. John Q. Adams (Federalist) 1833-1841
9. Daniel Webster (Federalist) 1841-1845

Webster's opposition to the annexation of Texas and Oregon costs him reelection, with the Western states going heavily for the Republicans.

10. Lewis Cass (Republican) 1845-1853

Much like OTL James Polk, Cass succeeds in winning vast new territories from Mexico, stretching the United States to the Pacific Coast.

11. Franklin Pierce (Republican) 1853-1857
12. Winfield Scott (Federalist) 1857-1861
13. Stephen Douglas (Republican) 1861

Elected on a platform of moderation and national unity, Douglas' death just three months after taking office results in the inauguration of John C. Breckinridge, whose rabidly pro-slavery views widen divisions between North and South.

14. John C. Breckinridge (Republican) 1861-1865
15. William H. Seward (Federalist) 1865-1873

Leader of the "free soil" faction of the Federalist Party, Seward capitalized on growing Northern anger towards the Breckinridge Administration's pro-slavery policies to win the Federalist nomination in 1864. His election on promises to ban slavery from the Western territories precipitated the Civil War.

16. Oliver P. Morton (Federalist) 1873-1877
17. Hannibal Hamlin (Federalist) 1877
18. Samuel J. Tilden (Republican) 1877-1885

The Panic of 1875 provides an opening for the Republicans, who nominate reform Governor Samuel Tilden as their candidate. As president, Tilden brings a gradual end to federal Reconstruction and succeeds in passing substantial civil service reforms.

19. Grover Cleveland (Republican) 1885-1893
20. William McKinley (Federalist) 1893-1901
21. Charles Hana (Federalist) 1901-1905
22. Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) 1905-1913

Rising public opposition to the power of the Trusts allows South Dakotan Senator Theodore Roosevelt to defeat Hana in the 1904 Election. His administration is credited with the passage of key reforms, including new child labor laws and the establishment of a Federal Reserve.

23. William J. Bryan (Republican) 1913-1921

Among Bryan's most prominent accomplishments are the passage of the Tariff Reform Act and the adoption of a Constitutional Amendment granting women the right to vote.

24. William G. McAdoo (Republican) 1921-1925
25. Calvin Coolidge (Federalist) 1925-1929
26. Charles Curtis  (Federalist) 1929-1933
23. Al Smith (Republican) 1933-1941

Elected in the midst of the Great Depression, Smith's recovery program prevents economic conditions from worsening but fails to create large-scale growth.

24. Thomas Dewey (Federalist) 1941-1949
25. George Marshall (Federalist) 1949-1957
26. Adlai E. Stevenson (Republican) 1957-1961
27. Estes Kefauver (Republican) 1961-1969

Dubbed the "Civil Rights President" by his supporters, Kefauver's greatest accomplishment is the passage of landmark civil rights legislation to combat segregation and racial discrimination in the South.

28. Frank Church (Republican) 1969-1973
29. Nelson Rockefeller (Federalist) 1973-1981
30. George H. W. Bush (Federalist) 1981-1989
31. Robert J. Dole (Federalist) 1989-1993
32. Mario Cuomo (Republican) 1993-1997
33. Richard Lugar (Federalist) 1997-2005
34. John McCain (Federalist) 2005-2009
35. John Edwards (Republican) 2009

Edwards is forced to resign following revelations that he fathered a child with actress Riley Hunter.

36. John Kerry (Republican) 2009-present

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

Taylor's War

President Zachary Taylor avoids a fatal encounter with a slice of cherry pie in the summer of 1850 and survives to sign the Wilmot Proviso into law. An enraged South secedes from the Union, prompting the American Civil War (1850-1857), which ends in Northern victory. President William H. Seward subsequently secures the passage of the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery in the United States. President Charles Sumner's attempt to grant former slaves receive full civil rights results in his assassination, however, and freedmen do not attain equal legal status with whites until the administration of James Garfield. Meanwhile, the second party system survives to see the present day, with pro-business, socially conservative, anti-war Whigs competing against progressive, pro-military Democrats.

12. Zachary Taylor [Whig] March 4, 1849-March 4, 1857
13. William H. Seward [Whig] March 4, 1857-March 4, 1865
14. Charles Sumner [Whig] March 4, 1865-August 9, 1868
15. Abraham Lincoln [Whig] August 9, 1868-March 4, 1869
16. Samuel Tilden [Democratic] March 4, 1869-March 4, 1873
17. Thomas A. Hendricks [Democratic] March 4, 1873-March 4, 1877
18. James Garfield [Whig] March 4, 1877-March 4, 1885
19. Grover Cleveland [Democratic] March 4, 1885-March 4, 1889
20. James G. Blaine [Whig] March 4, 1889-March 4, 1897
21. James A. Roosevelt [Democratic] March 4, 1897-March 4, 1901
22. William McKinley [Whig] March 4, 1901-March 4, 1909
23. William J. Bryan [Democratic] March 4, 1909-March 4, 1917
24. Thomas R. Marshall [Democratic] March 4, 1917-March 4, 1921
25. Herbert Hoover [Whig] March 4, 1921-March 4, 1929
26. Charles Curtis [Whig] March 4, 1929-March 4, 1933
27. Huey P. Long [Democratic] March 4, 1933-September 10, 1935
28. Franklin D. Roosevelt [Democratic] September 10, 1935-April 12, 1945
29. Alben W. Barkley [Democratic] April 12, 1945-January 20, 1949
30. Robert A. Taft [Whig] January 20, 1949-January 20, 1953
31. George Marshall [Democratic] January 20, 1953-October 10, 1959
32. Estes Kefauver [Democratic] October 10, 1959-January 20, 1965
33. George Romney [Whig] January 20, 1965-January 20, 1969
34. Richard M. Nixon [Whig] January 20, 1969-January 20, 1973
35. Ronald Reagan [Democratic] January 20, 1973-January 20, 1981
36. John Anderson [Whig] January 20, 1981-January 20, 1989
37. Mario Cuomo [Democratic] January 20, 1989-January 20, 1993
38. Sandra Day O'Connor [Whig] January 20, 1993-January 20, 2001
39. Condoleezza Rice [Whig] January 20, 2001-January 20, 2005
40. John Edwards [Democratic] January 20, 2005-January 20, 2009
41. Colin Powell [Whig] January 20, 2009-present

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

Hamilton's Empire

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES (First Republic)
1. George Washington [Independent] 1789-1797
2. Thomas Pinckney [Federalist] 1797-1803

EMPERORS of the UNITED STATES (First Empire)
1. Alexander I   1803-1835 (House of Hamilton)
2. Alexander II  1835-1848 (House of Hamilton)

PRESIDENTS of the AMERICAN CONGRESS (Second Republic)
1. Charles Francis Adams [Republican] 1848-1849
2. Henry Clay [Republican] 1849-1850
(1.) Charles Francis Adams [Republican] 1850-1851
3. Alexander Stephens [Republican] 1851-1852
(1.) Charles Francis Adams [Republican] 1852-1853
4. William H. Seward [Moderate] 1853-1854
5. John C. Crittenden [Moderate] 1854-1855
(1.) Charles Francis Adams [Republican] 1855-1856
6. Winfield Scott [Monarchist] 1856-1857
(4.) William H. Seward [Moderate] 1857-1858
(6.) Winfield Scott [Monarchist] 1858-1859
7. Millard Fillmore [Monarchist] 1859-1860

EMPERORS of the UNITED STATES (Second Empire)
1. Winfield   1860-1868 (House of Scott)
2. Robert   1868-1870 (House of Lee)
3. George   1870-1909 (House of Lee)

CONSULS of the UNITED STATES (Third Republic)
1. Ida Tarbell [Reform] 1909-1914
2. Thomas R. Marshall [Reform] 1914-1919
3. Robert M. La Follette [Reform] 1919-1924
4. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. [Conservative] 1924-1929
5. Arthur Vandenberg [Conservative] 1929-1934
6. Eleanor Roosevelt [Reform] 1934-1939
7. Harold Stassen [Conservative] 1939-1944
8. Thomas Dewey [Reform] 1944-1949
9. Estes Kefauver [Reform] 1949-1952

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES (Fourth Republic)
1. Joseph McCarthy [National] 1952-1968

CONSULS of the UNITED STATES (Fifth Republic)
10. Martin Luther King, Jr. [People's] 1968-1973
11. Hubert H. Humphrey [People's] 1973-1978
12. George Romney [Democratic] 1978-1983
13. Walter Mondale [People's] 1983-1988
14. John Anderson [Democratic] 1988-1993
15. Robert Dole [Democratic] 1993-1998
16. H. Ross Perot [Justice] 1988-2003
17. John McCain [Democratic] 2003-2007
18. Hillary Rodham [Democratic] 2007-2013
19. Howard Dean [Justice] 2013-present

NOTES
The First Republic   Alexander Hamilton's plot to elect Thomas Pinckney president over John Adams succeeds. The compliant Pinckney (reelected due to underhanded maneuvers in the New York legislature) appoints Hamilton General of the Armies in 1798. Following his victorious conquest of French Louisiana, Hamilton is installed as Emperor Alexander I in 1803.
The First Empire   Alexander's reign passes smoothly, as Westward expansion and economic industrialization bring prosperity to the young nation. Upon his death in 1835, his son - Alexander II - assumes the throne. This Alexander, however, lacks his father's political savy, and he is ousted by a republican revolution in 1848.
The Second Republic    Wary of strong executive power, the new republican leaders replace the Emperor with a president chosen annually by a the new, democratically-elected Congress. Though the government starts out with high hopes, the restraints placed on the new government render it ineffective, allowing the Monarchists to reclaim power in the late 1850s. After soundly defeating the Republicans in the 1860 election, the Monarchists abolish Congress and reinstate the Empire.
The Second Empire   The new Empire lasts the remainder of the 19th Century, and sees strong leadership under Emperors Winfield (House of Scott) and Robert (House of Lee). Emperor George, who takes power following his father's death in 1870, is widely respected by the powers of Europe, but his opposition to liberal reforms in the early 20th century earns him the enmity of the growing progressive movement. Under intense pressure, he abdicates in 1909, inaugurating the Third Republic.
The Third Republic   Having learned from the mistakes of 1848, the new republicans establish a strong but democratic national government, headed by a consul elected to a five-year term. The republican Reform Party dominates the political scene through much of the period, leading the country through the First World War and the economically prosperous 1930s, but falls out of favor with the rise of international Communism and the Red Scare. Amidst allegations of illegal activities, Consul Estes Kefauver is forced to resign in 1952, giving way to the regime of Joseph McCarthy.
The Fourth Republic   Established amidst fears that the government was overrun by Communist spies, the short-lived "Fourth Republic" was anything but. In 1952, Congress abolished the office of Consul and replaced it with an all-powerful presidency. In what is now regarded as a sham election, anti-Communist firebrand Joseph McCarthy was chosen to fill the office. McCarthy abolished Congress the following year and declared himself president for life in 1954. Initially popular, McCarthy's civil rights abuses and suppression of democratic activists led to his ouster in 1968.
The Fifth Republic   With McCarthy out of power, the nation returned to the Constitution of 1909, with democratic activist Martin Luther King as the new Consul. With the onset of the Great Recession in 2008, the governing Democratic Party - in power for the better part of a decade - lost the 2013 election to Howard Dean's left-populist Justice Party.

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

Hamilton's Blunder

[/b]
Alexander Hamilton decides to sit out the 1788 presidential election, trusting the new Electoral College to choose the correct candidate (General George Washington) without his help. Instead, the absence of Hamilton's intrigue allows New York Governor George Clinton to win a narrow victory over Washington as consequence of the two-vote rule established under the Constitution.

Results of the 1788-89 Presidential Election
George Clinton (NY): 50 Electoral Votes
George Washington (VA): 49 Electoral Votes
John Adams (MA): 27 Electoral Votes
Others (Var): 38 Electoral Votes

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
1. George Clinton (Anti-Federalist, Republican) 1789-1793
2. John Adams (Federalist) 1793-1797
3. Thomas Jefferson (Republican) 1797-1801
4. Alexander Hamilton (Federalist) 1801-1809
5. Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist) 1809-1817
6. John Marshall (Federalist) 1817-1825
7. Henry Clay (Federalist, Whig) 1825-1833
8. Martin Van Buren (Whig) 1833-1841
9. Daniel Webster (National) 1841-1845
10. John McLean (Whig) 1845-1849
11. Charles F. Adams (Whig) 1849-1857
12. Winfield Scott (Whig) 1857-1861
13. William H. Seward (Federal) 1861-1865
14. Oliver P. Morton (Federal) 1865-1869
15. Schuyler Colfax (Whig) 1869-1873
16. James G. Blaine (Federal) 1873-1881
17. Chester A. Arthur (Federal) 1881-1883*
18. Mark Hana (Federal) 1883-1885
18. Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. (Whig) 1885-1889
19. James B. Weaver (Whig) 1889-1897
20. George F. Edmunds (Federal) 1897-1901
21. Ida Tarbell (Whig/Liberal) 1901-1909
22. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (Liberal) 1909-1921*
23. William H. Taft (Liberal) 1921-1925
24. Charles E. Hughes (Federal) 1925-1933
25. Huey P. Long (Liberal) 1933-1936*
26. Franklin D. Roosevelt (Liberal) 1936-1937
27. Herbert Hoover (Federal) 1937-1949
28. Eleanor Roosevelt (Liberal) 1949-1957
29. John F. Kennedy (Federal) 1957-1965
30. Margaret Chase Smith (Federal) 1965-1969
31. Richard Nixon (Liberal) 1969-1973
32. Robert F. Kennedy (Federal) 1973-1977
33. Sam Nunn (Liberal) 1977-1985
34. George H. W. Bush (Federal) 1985-1993
35. Elizabeth Dole (Federal) 1993-1997
36. Jerry Brown (Liberal) 1997-2005
37. John E. Bush (Federal) 2005-2009
38. Andrew Cuomo (Liberal) 2009-present

*Died in Office

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

1. George Washington [Independent] 1789-1797
2. Thomas Jefferson [Republican] 1797-1801
3. John Jay [Federalist] 1801-1809
4. Charles C. Pinckney [Federalist] 1809-1813
5. DeWitt Clinton [Republican] 1813-1821
6. William H. Crawford [Republican] 1821-1824¹
7. Daniel D. Tompkins [Republican] 1824-1825
8. John Q. Adams [National Republican] 1825-1833
9. Martin Van Buren [Democratic Republican] 1833-1837
10. Henry Clay [National Republican] 1841-1845
11. John Tyler [Democratic Republican] 1845-1849
12. Zachary Taylor [Democratic Republican] 1849-1853
13. John Bell [National Republican] 1853-1857
14. Stephen Douglas [Democratic Republican] 1857-1861¹
15. John Breckinridge [Democratic Republican] 1861-1865
16. Charles Sumner [Liberty] 1865-1873
17. Abraham Lincoln [Liberty] 1873-1881
18. James G. Blaine [Liberty/American] 1881-1885
19. Samuel J. Tilden [Democratic Republican] 1885
20. Thomas A. Hendricks [Democratic Republican] 1885-1889
20. James Garfield [American] 1889-1897
21. Thomas B. Reed [American] 1897-1901
22. William J. Bryan [Fusion] 1901-1905
23. Theodore Roosevelt [American] 1905-1909
24. William J. Bryan [Farmer Labor] 1909-1913
25. Theodore Roosevelt [American] 1913-1921
26. John J. Pershing [American] 1921-1929
27. Alfred E. Smith [American] 1929-1933
28. Herbert Hoover [Farmer Labor] 1933-1941
29. Franklin D. Roosevelt [Farmer Labor] 1941-1949
30. Earl Warren [American] 1949-1953
31. Adlai E. Stevenson [Farmer Labor] 1953-1957
32. John W. Bricker [American] 1957-1965
33. Ronald Reagan [Farmer Labor] 1965-1973
34. Spiro T. Agnew [American] 1973-1975
35. Richard M. Nixon [American] 1975-1977
36. Frank Church [Farmer Labor] 1977-1981
37. Richard M. Nixon [American] 1981-1985
38. John B. Anderson [American] 1985-1989
39. Birch Bayh [Farmer Labor] 1989-1997
40. William J. Clinton [Farmer Labor] 1997-2005
41. Hillary D. Rodham [American] 2005-2009
42. Evan Bayh [Farmer Labor] 2009-present

¹Died in office.

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

The Triumvirate

At the advice of George Mason, the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 establishes a three-man executive branch for the new national government, composed of a Chief Consul and two Associate Consuls.

°Chief Consul Italics Refused seat

1. George Washington (Ind)°, John Adams (Fed), John Jay (Fed)    1789-1793
2. George Washington (Ind)°, John Adams (Fed), Alexander Hamilton (Fed)    1793-1797
3. John Adams (Fed)°, Alexander Hamilton (Fed), Thomas Jefferson (DR)    1797-1801
4. Thomas Jefferson (DR)°, Aaron Burr (DR), John Adams (Fed)    1801-1805
5. Thomas Jefferson (DR)°, George Clinton (DR), James Madison (DR)    1805-1809
6. James Madison (DR)°, George Clinton (DR), Charles C. Pinckney (Fed)    1809-1813
7. DeWitt Clinton (Fusion)°, Charles C. Pinckney (Fed), James Madison (DR)    1813-1817
8. DeWitt Clinton (Nat)°, John Marshall (Nat), James Monroe (DR)    1817-1821
9. John Marshall (Nat)°, Rufus King (Nat), James Monroe (DR)     1821-1825
10. John Marshall (Nat)°, John Q. Adams (Nat), Henry Clay (Nat)     1825-1829
11. Andrew Jackson (DR)°, John C. Calhoun (DR), John Q. Adams (Nat)    1829-1833
12. Henry Clay (Nat)°, John C. Calhoun (Rad), Andrew Jackson (Dem), John Sergeant (Nat)
13. Henry Clay (Nat)°, Daniel Webster (Nat), Martin Van Buren     1833-1837
14. Daniel Webster (Nat)°, Amos Ellmaker (Nat), Martin Van Buren (Dem)    1837-1841
15. Martin Van Buren (Dem)°, John Tyler (Dem), Daniel Webster (Nat)    1841-1845
16. John Tyler (Dem)°, James K. Polk (Dem), Henry Clay (Nat)    1845-1849
17. Henry Clay (Nat)°, Daniel Webster (Nat), John C. Calhoun (Rad)    1849-1850
18. Henry Clay (Nat)°, Daniel Webster (Nat), Martin Van Buren (Dem)    1850-1852
19. Martin Van Buren (Dem)°, Stephen Douglas (Dem), John Crittenden (Nat)    1852-1857
20. Stephen Douglas (Dem)°, James Buchanan (Dem), Hannibal Hamlin (Rep)    1857-1861
21. Abraham Lincoln (Rep)°, Hannibal Hamlin (Rep), John C. Breckinridge (Dem), William H. Seward (Rep)    1861-1865
22. Abraham Lincoln (Rep)°, William H. Seward (Rep), Andrew Johnson (Union)    1865
23. William H. Seward (Rep)°, Ulysses S. Grant (Rep), Andrew Johnson (Union)    1865-1869
24. Ulysses S. Grant (Rep)°, Schuyler Colfax (Rep), Hiram Johnson (Dem)    1869-1873
25. Ulysses S. Grant (Rep)°, Henry Wilson (Rep), Charles F. Adams (Lib)    1873-1877
26. Charles F. Adams (Lib)°, Thomas Hendricks (Lib), James Garfield (Rep)    1877-1881
27. Charles F. Adams (Lib)°, Winfield S. Hancock (Lib), James Garfield (Rep)    1881-1885
28. James Garfield (Rep)°, James G. Blaine (Rep), Grover Cleveland (Lib)    1885-1889
29. James Garfield (Rep)°, Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. (Rep), Grover Cleveland (Lib)    1889-1893
30. Grover Cleveland (Lib)°, James E. Campbell (Lib), James B. Weaver (Pop)      1893-1897
31. William McKinley (Rep)°, Grover Cleveland (Lib), James B. Weaver (Pop)    1897-1901
32. James B. Weaver (Pop)°, William R. Hearst (Lib), William McKinley (Rep)    1901-1905
33. Theodore Roosevelt (Rep)°, Charles W. Fairbanks (Rep), William J. Bryan (Pop)    1905-1913
34. Hiram Johnson (Pro)°, Robert M. LaFollette (Pro) , Charles W. Fairbanks (Cons),   1913-1917
35. Hiram Johnson (Pro)°, Thomas R. Marshall (Pro)Warren G. Harding (Cons),    1917-1921
36. Warren G. Harding (Cons)°, Calvin Coolidge (Cons), Robert M. LaFollette (Pro)    1921-1923
37. Robert M. LaFollette (Pro)°, Burton K. Wheeler (Pro), Calvin Coolidge (Cons)    1923-1925
38. Calvin Coolidge (Cons)°, Charles G. Dawes (Cons), Burton K. Wheeler (Pro)    1925-1929
39. Charles G. Dawes (Cons)°, Charles Curtis (Cons), Burton K. Wheeler (Pro)    1929-1933
40. Eleanor Roosevelt (Pro)°, Burton K. Wheeler (Pro), Henry Wallace (Pro)    1933-1941
41. Eleanor Roosevelt (Pro)°, Henry Wallace (Pro), Robert A. Taft (Cons)    1841-1949
42. Robert A. Taft (Cons)°, Arthur Vandenburh (Cons), Henry Wallace (Pro)    1949-1951
43. Robert A. Taft (Cons)°, Richard M. Nixon (Cons), Henry Wallace (Pro)    1951-1953
44. Robert A. Taft (Cons)°, Richard M. Nixon (Cons), Estes Kefauver (Pro)    1953-1957
45. Estes Kefauver (Pro)°, Earl Warren (Pro), Richard M. Nixon (Cons)    1957-1961
46. Earl Warren (Pro)°, John F. Kennedy (Pro), Richard M. Nixon (Cons)    1961-1965
47. Richard M. Nixon (Cons)°, Margaret C. Smith (Cons), John F. Kennedy (Pro)    1965-1969
48. John F. Kennedy (Pro)°, Hubert H. Humphrey (Pro), Margaret C. Smith (Cons)    1969-1973
49. Richard M. Nixon (Cons)°, John Connally (Cons), Hubert H. Humphrey (Pro)    1973-1981
50. Ted Kennedy (Pro)°, Walter Mondale (Pro), George McGovern (Pro)    1981-1985
51. Ted Kennedy (Pro)°, Mario Cuomo (Pro), Barbara Bush (Cons)    1985-1989
52. Barbara Bush (Cons)°, Dick Cheney (Cons), Mario Cuomo (Pro)    1989-1993
53. Mario Cuomo (Pro)°, Al Gore (Pro), Barbara Bush (Cons)    1993-1997
54. John McCain (Cons)°, John E. Bush (Cons), Mario Cuomo (Pro)   1997-2001
55. John McCain (Cons)°, John E. Bush (Cons), Bill Bradley (Pro)    2001-2005
56. John McCain (Cons)°, John E. Bush (Cons), Dick Cheney (Cons)    2005-2009
57. Howard Dean (Pro)°, Barack Obama (Pro), Hillary Rodham (Pro)    2009-2013
58. Hillary Rodham (Pro)°, Barack Obama (Pro), Paul Ryan (Cons)    2013-present

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

1. George Washington [Independent] 1789-1790
2. John Adams [Federalist] 1790-1797*
3. Thomas Jefferson [Republican] 1797-1801
4. Charles C. Pinckney [Federalist] 1801-1805
5. Alexander Hamilton [Federalist] 1805-1808
--. John Marshall [Federalist] 1808-1809
6. James Madison [Republican] 1809-1817
7. DeWitt Clinton [Republican] 1817-1821
8. John Q. Adams [Federalist] 1821-1825
9. Henry Clay [Republican] 1825-1833
10. Martin Van Buren [Republican] 1833-1841
11. John C. Calhoun [Republican, Whig] 1841-1845
12. Daniel Webster [National] 1845-1853
13. Robert C. Grier [Whig] 1853-1857
14. William H. Seward [National] 1857
15. Stephen Douglas [National] 1857-1865*
16. Robert E. Lee [National] 1865-1869
17. Roscoe Conkling [National] 1869-1873
18. Charles F. Adams [Liberal] 1873-1881
19. Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. [Liberal] 1881-1885
20. James G. Blaine [National] 1885-1889
21. Benjamin Harrison [Liberal] 1889-1893
22. Garret Hobart [National] 1893-1897
23. Mark Hanna [National] 1897-1904
--. Levi P. Morton [National] 1904-1905
24. Gifford Pinchot [Liberal] 1905-1913
25. Thomas R. Marshall [Liberal] 1913-1917
26. Charles E. Hughes [National] 1917-1921
(25.) Thomas R. Marshall [Liberal] 1921-1925
--. James M. Cox [Liberal] 1925
27. Alfred E. Smith [National] 1925-1929
28. William G. McAdoo [Liberal] 1929-1933
29. Wendell Willkie [National] 1933-1941
30. Robert A. Taft [National] 1941-1949
31. Eleanor Roosevelt [Liberal] 1949-1957
32. Margaret C. Smith [National] 1957-1961
33. Adlai E. Stevenson [Liberal] 1961-1963
--. Lyndon B. Johnson [Liberal] 1963-1965
34. Barry Goldwater [National] 1965-1969
35. Hubert H. Humphrey [Liberal] 1969-1977
36. Robert J. Dole [National] 1977-1985
37. Richard Lugar [National] 1985-1993
38. Hillary Rodham [Liberal] 1993-1997
39. Elizabeth Dole [National] 1997-2001
40. Ralph Nader [Liberal] 2001-2009
41. Howard Dean [Liberal] 2009-2013
42. Chris Christie [National] 2013-present

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
1. George Washington [Independent] 1789-1797
2. John Adams [Federalist] 1797-1801
3. Thomas Jefferson [Democratic Republican] 1801-1809
4. James Madison [Democratic Republican] 1809-1813
5. DeWitt Clinton [National] 1813-1821 [1]
6. John Q. Adams [National] 1821-1825
7. Martin Van Buren [Democratic] 1825-1833
8. Richard M. Johnson [Democratic] 1833-1837
9. William Hendricks [National] 1837-1845
10. John Tyler [Independent] 1845-1849 [2]
11. Lewis Cass [Democratic] 1849-1853
12. Winfield Scott [National] 1853-1861
13. Stephen Douglas [Democratic] 1861
14. John C. Breckinridge [Democratic] 1861-1865 [3]
15. Charles Sumner [Liberty] 1865-1870 [4]
16. Schuyler Colfax [Liberty] 1870-1877
17. Benjamin Bristow [Liberty] 1877-1881
18. Thomas Hendricks [Republican] 1881-1884 [5]
19. Samuel Tilden [Republican] 1884-1889
20. Benjamin Harrison [Liberty] 1889-1897
21. Grover Cleveland [Republican] 1897-1901
22. Mark Hana [Liberty] 1901
23. Henry C. Lodge [Liberty] 1901-1909
24. Robert M. LaFollette [Liberty] 1909-1917
25. Thomas R. Marshall [Republican] 1917-1925
26. Herbert Hoover [Liberty] 1925-1933
27. John N. Garner [Republican] 1933-1937
28. Wayne Morse [Liberty] 1937-1949
29. Thomas Dewey [Liberty] 1949-1953
30. John Sparkman [Republican] 1953-1957
31. Earl Warren [Liberty] 1957-1965
32. Robert F. Kennedy [Liberty] 1965-1973
33. Robert Taft, Jr. [Republican] 1973-1981
34. James E. Carter [Republican] 1981-1985
35. Edward M. Kennedy [Liberty] 1985-1993
36. Mario Cuomo [Liberty] 1993-2001
37. Joseph Lieberman [Republican] 2001-2005
38. John McCain [Liberty] 2005-2009
39. W. Mitt Romney [Republican] 2009-2013
40. Lincoln Chaffee [Liberty] 2013-present



NOTES
[1] The onset of the War of 1812 heralded the collapse of the First Party System, with President James Madison's Republican Party falling into two rival camps. Pro-war Republicans (who would henceforth be styled "Democratic Republicans" because they claimed to represent the common people) backed Madison for reelection; anti-war Republicans joined forces with Northern Federalists to form the National Republican Party (often referenced as the "National Party"). The new party nominated New York Governor DeWitt Clinton for president, who defeated Madison in a close election. After negotiating an end to the war in early 1814, Clinton led the new United States into an "Era of Good Feeling" characterized by industrial growth, rapid westward expansion, and the birth of the Second National Bank.

[2] As the future of slavery in American became a thornier issue in American politics, leaders of both parties began actively avoiding addressing any issue that might inflame sectional tensions. In the 1844 election, the Nationals nominated Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, while the Democrats nominated Governor Silas Wright of New York. Both men were known opponents of slavery (though not abolitionists) and both, crucially, opposed the annexation of Texas. In response, pro-annexation forces flocked to the Independent candidacy of Virginia's John Tyler who won the election in an upset to cries of Manifest Destiny. As president, Tyler annexed Texas and Oregon and won the Mexican War; his policies forced the mainly Southern Democrats to endorse his pro-slavery policies or risk extinction.

[3] Douglas' death just months after his inauguration elevated Southern slaveholder John C. Breckinridge to the presidency. Breckinridge's inflammatory policies, and in particular his support for the "Border Ruffians" in Bloody Kansas, gave fire to the new Liberty Party and the anti-slavery movement that supported it.

[4] Sumner's election over a divided field in the 1864 election was the catalyst for the American Civil War (1865-1868).

[5] The coalition that elected Hendricks in 1880 was formed as a fusion of the Democratic Party and the Southern wing of the National Party. As both parties had continued to refer to themselves as the "Democratic Republican" and "National Republican" parties throughout the pre-war period, the new party was christened the Republican Party.

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

EMPERORS of the UNITED STATES

House of Hamilton (1803-1848)
Alexander I (b. Jan 11, 1755 d. Mar 8, 1835) 1803 - 1835 [1]
Alexander II (b. May 16, 1786 d. Aug 2, 1875) 1835 - 1848 [2]

House of Scott (1850-1959)
Winfield (b. June 13, 1786 d. May 29, 1866) 1850 - 1866 [3]
Robert I (b. Jan 19, 1807 d. Oct 12, 1870) 1866 - 1870 [4]
George (b. Sep 16, 1832 d. Feb 18 1913) 1870 - 1913
Robert II (b. Feb 11, 1869 d. Sep 2, 1922) 1913 - 1922 [5]
Mary (b. Aug 14, 1874 d. May 19, 1959) 1922 - 1959
Edward (b. Jan 12 1893 d. Oct 3, 1976) 1959 - 1976 *
Albert (b. May 8, 1953) 1976 - present *

* Fictional



NOTES
[1] Following his successful conquest of the Louisiana Territory, Alexander accepted the throne of America at the request of President Thomas Pinckney and the United States Congress. After briefly ruling as "First Consul" during the early years of his reign, he assumed the title Emperor in 1807. Among his greatest accomplishments were the reformation of the federal state through the Constitutions of 1804 and 1807, the abolition of slavery, the construction of a centralized financial authority in the National Bank, and the growth of an industrial economy.

[2] Overthrown in the Revolution of 1848

[3] Following the successful ouster of Alexander II, leaders of the Revolution proclaimed the United States a Republic and vested executive power in the hands of two democratically-elected consuls. In the chaos of the years that followed, the republic soon collapsed, and the country was plunged into civil war. Zachary Taylor, a popular general who had been elected consul in 1849, met with great success on the battlefield and seemed poised to seize the throne, but his unexpected death in 1850 vaulted his rival - Winfield Scott - to the seat of power. Though the war would continue for another four years, Winfield's seizure of the federal capitol in September of 1850 effectively reinstated the Empire, with himself as Emperor.

[4] Emperor Winfield left no heir upon his death in 1866; per his will, the throne passed to his Prime Minister and trusted lieutenant Robert E. Lee, who became Emperor Robert I.

[5] Nephew of George; often cited as the last consequential emperor

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
1. George Washington [Independent] 1789-1797
2. John Adams [Federalist] 1797-1801
3. Thomas Jefferson [Republican] 1801-1809
4. James Madison [Republican] 1809-1817
5. James Monroe [Republican] 1817-1825
6. John Q. Adams [National Republican] 1825-1829
7. Andrew Jackson [Democratic] 1829-1837
8. Martin Van Buren [Democratic] 1837-1841
9. William H. Harrison [Whig] 1841 *
10. Henry Clay [Whig] 1841-1849
11. Charles F. Adams [Whig] 1849-1853
12. Stephen Douglas [Democratic] 1853-1857
13. William H. Seward [Whig] 1857-1863 ^A
14. John C. Fremont [Whig] 1863-1865
15. Winfield Scott Hancock [Whig] 1865-1873
16. Lewis Wallace [Whig] 1873-1881
17. Thomas A. Hendricks [Liberal] 1881-1885 *
18. Samuel Tilden [Liberal] 1885-1886 *
19. Thomas F. Bayard [Liberal] 1886-1889
20. William McKinley [Whig] 1889-1893
21. John M. Palmer [Liberal] 1893-1900 *
22. Alton B. Parker [Liberal] 1900-1901
23. Joseph B. Foraker [Whig] 1901-1905
24. Robert M. La Follette [Reform] 1905-1913
25. Gifford Pinchot [Reform] 1913-1917
26. Charles W. Fairbanks [Whig] 1917-1918 *
27. Andrew Mellon [Whig] 1918-1921
28. Herbert Hoover [Whig] 1921-1929
29. Charles Curtis [Whig] 1929-1933
30. Fiorello LaGuardia [Reform] 1933-1941
31. Huey Long [Reform] 1941-1955 ^A
32. Eleanor Roosevelt [Reform] 1955-1957
33. Richard Nixon [Whig] 1957-1961
34. Estes Kefauver [Reform] 1961-1963 *
35. Hubert H. Humphrey [Reform] 1963 ^A
36. Carl Hayden [Reform] 1963-1965
37. Nelson Rockefeller [Whig] 1965-1969
38. Carl Albert [Reform] 1969-1977
39. Edmund Muskie [Reform] 1977-1981
40. Robert Dole [Whig] 1981-1985
41. Thomas P. O'Neill [Reform] 1985-1993
42. Edmund G. Brown [Reform] 1993-1997
44. Richard G. Lugar [Whig] 1997-2005
45. John McCain [Whig] 2005-2011 *
46. Lisa Murkowski [Whig] 2011-2013
46. John Lynch [Reform] 2013-present


*Died in office of natural causes
^A Assassinated

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

LIST of PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
1. George Washington (Independent-Virginia) 1789-1790
2. John Adams (Federalist-Massachusetts) 1790-1797
3. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-Virginia) 1797-1801
4. Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist-South Carolina) 1801-1805
5. Alexander Hamilton (Federalist-New York) 1805-1809
6. Timothy Pickering (Federalist-Massachusetts) 1809-1813
7. DeWitt Clinton (Liberal-New York) 1813-1817
8. James Monroe (Liberal-Virginia) 1817-1821
9. John C. Calhoun (Federalist-South Carolina) 1821-1825
10. Henry Clay (Liberal-Kentucky) 1825-1829
11. Ratliff Boon (Liberal-Indiana) 1829-1833
12. William Hendricks (Federalist-Indiana) 1833-1837
13. Nicholas Biddle (Federalist-Pennsylvania) 1837-1841
14. Franklin H. Elmore (Federalist-South Carolina) 1841-1845
15. Thomas Hart Benton (Liberal-Arkansas) 1845-1849
16. Winfield Scott (Federalist-Virginia) 1849-1853
17. Andrew J. Donelson (Federalist-Tennessee) 1853-1857
18. Stephen Douglas (Liberal-Illinois) 1857-1861
19. Hannibal Hamlin (Whig-Maine) 1861-1865
20. William H. Seward (Whig-New York) 1865-1869
21. Schuyler Colfax (Whig-Indiana) 1869-1873
22. Lewis Wallace (Whig-Indiana) 1873-1877
23. Charles F. Adams (National Reform-Massachusetts) 1877-1881
24. James G. Blaine (Whig-Maine) 1881-1885
25. Winfield S. Hancock (Liberal-Pennsylvania) 1885-1886
26. Allen G. Thurman (Liberal-Ohio) 1886-1889
27. Jacob D. Cox (Whig-Ohio) 1889-1893
28. Mark Hana (Whig-Ohio) 1893-1897
29. Thomas C. Platt (Whig-New York) 1897-1901
30. Alton Parker (Liberal-Maryland) 1901-1905
31. Charles F. Murphy (Liberal-New York) 1905-1909
32. Robert M. LaFollette (Reform-Wisconsin) 1909-1913
33. Gifford Pinchot (Reform-Pennsylvania) 1913-1917
34. Theodore Roosevelt (Whig-New York) 1917-1921
35. James M. Cox (Whig-Ohio) 1921-1925
36. Burton K. Wheeler (Reform-Montana) 1925-1929
37. Frank O. Lowden (Whig-Illinois) 1929-1933
38. Herbert Hoover (Reform-California) 1933-1937
39. Fiorello La Guardia (Reform-New York) 1937-1941
40. Arthur H. Vandenburgh (Whig-Michigan) 1941-1946
41. Charles Nelson (Whig-Maine) 1946-1949
42. Dean Acheson (Reform-Connecticut) 1949-1953
43. Adlai E. Stevenson II (Reform-Illinois) 1953-1957
44. Margaret Chase Smith (Whig-Maine) 1957-1961
45. Henry C. Lodge, Jr. (Whig-Massachusetts) 1961-1965
46. George Romney (Whig-Michigan) 1965-1969
47. Charles H. Percy (Whig-Illinois) 1969-1973
48. Robert F. Kennedy (Reform-Massachusetts) 1973-1977
49. Carl Albert (Reform-Oklahoma) 1977-1981
50. Robert J. Dole (Whig-Kansas) 1981-1985
51. John B. Anderson (Reform-Illinois) 1985-1989
52. Birch Bayh (Reform-Indiana) 1989-1993
53. Jerry Brown (Reform-California) 1993-1997
54. Richard G. Lugar (Whig-Indiana) 1997-2001
55. W. Mitt Romney (Whig-Massachusetts) 2001-2005
56. Michael Bloomberg (Whig-New York) 2005-2009
57. Lincoln Chaffee (Reform-Rhode Island) 2009-2013
58. Jon Huntsman, Jr. (Whig-Utah) 2013-incumbent

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
1. George Washington (Independent-Virginia) 1789-1797
2. John Adams (Federalist-Massachusetts) 1797-1801
3. Aaron Burr (Republican-New York) 1801-1805
4. John Marshall (Federalist-Virginia) 1805-1813
5. Rufus King (Federalist-New York) 1813-1821
6. John Q. Adams (Federalist-Massachusetts) 1821-1825
7. Henry Clay (Democratic-Kentucky) 1825-1833
8. Martin Van Buren (Democratic-New York) 1833-1837
9. Daniel Webster (Federalist-Massachusetts) 1837-1841
10. Lewis Cass (Democratic-Michigan) 1841-1845
11. David Wallace (Federalist-Indiana) 1845-1849
12. Jefferson Davis (Democratic-Mississippi) 1849-1853
13. Stephen Douglas (Democratic-Illinois) 1853-1857
14. Franklin Pierce (Democratic-New Hampshire) 1857-1861
15. Joseph A. Wright (Whig-Indiana) 1861-1869
16. Phillip Sheridan (Whig-Illinois) 1869-1877
17. Samuel Tilden (Reform-New York) 1877-1881
18. James G. Blaine (Whig-Maine) 1881-1885
19. George F. Edmunds (Reform-Vermont) 1885-1893
20. Grover Cleveland (Reform-New York) 1893-1897
21. Robert Todd Lincoln (Whig-New York) 1897-1905
22. Robert M. La Follette (Coalition-Wisconsin) 1905-1913
23. William J. Bryan (Progressive-Nebraska) 1913-1921
24. Thomas R. Marshall (Progressive-Indiana) 1921-1925
25. Frank O. Lowden (Whig-Illinois) 1925-1929
26. Hiram V. Johnson (Progressive-California) 1929-1933
27. Herbert Hoover (Whig-California) 1933-1941
28. Alf Landon (Whig-Kansas) 1941-1949
29. Earl Warren (Progressive-California) 1949-1953
30. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Whig-Kansas) 1953-1961
31. Hubert H. Humphrey (Progressive-Minessota) 1961-1963
32. Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive-Montana) 1963-1965
33. Robert F. Kennedy (Progressive-Massachusetts) 1965-1973
34. Spiro T. Agnew (Whig-Maryland) 1973-1974
35. George Romney (Whig-Michigan) 1974-1977
36. Carl Albert (Progressive-Oklahoma) 1977-1981
37. John B. Anderson (Whig-Illinois) 1981-1989
38. Paul Tsongas (Progressive-Massachusetts) 1989-1993
39. Robert J. Dole (Whig-Kansas) 1993-2001
40. Hillary D. Rodham (Progressive-Illinois) 2001-2009
41. W. Mitt Romney (Whig-Massachusetts) 2009-2013
42. Sonia Sotomayor (Progressive-New York) 2013-incumbent

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

Hoosier Dynasty
The Fall of John C. Calhoun and the Rise of the Hoosier State

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES ¹
7. Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Tennessee) 1829-1835*
8. Ratliff Boon (Democratic-Indiana) 1835-1841 ²
9. Noah Noble (Whig-Indiana) 1841-1849 ³
10. Martin Van Buren (Democratic-New York) 1849-1853
11. Winfield Scott (Whig-Virginia) 1853-1857
12. Joseph A. Wright (Democratic, Union-Indiana) 1857-1865 ⁴
13. Salmon P. Chase (Union-Ohio) 1865-1869
14. Benjamin Harrison (Union-Indiana) 1869-1877 ⁵
15. Thomas A. Hendricks (Democratic-Indiana) 1877-1881 ⁶
16. Chester A. Arthur (Republican-New Jersey) 1881*
17. Lewis Wallace (Republican-Indiana) 1881-1885 ⁷
18. Grover Cleveland (Democratic-New York) 1885-1893
19. Walter Q. Gresham (People's-Indiana) 1893-1895 ⁸
20. Henry Teller (Republican-Colorado) 1895-1901

*Assassinated

¹ Attempts to introduce the Industrial Revolution to South Carolina succeed, contrary to the OTL, and the Palmetto State becomes the commercial center of the South. As a result, John C. Calhoun never abandons his support for the American System and joins the "Adams" faction of the collapsing Republican Party.
² With Calhoun now his political enemy, Jackson instead selects Indiana Congressman Ratliff Boon as his running mate in the 1828 election; Boon later becomes president when Jackson is assassinated in 1835.
³ The Panic of 1837 soils the Democrats' electoral chances and gives rise to a new Hoosier president: former Governor Noah Noble.
⁴ The divisive administrations of Martin Van Buren (who was outmaneuvered by Southern "hawks," resulting on the Mexican-American War) and Winfield Scott (whose gruff demeanor alienated Democrats and Southern Whigs alike), Joseph A. Wright - a moderate governor from a swing state - seemed the perfect choice to reunited a country on the verge of war. Wright's refusal to cave in to Southern demands following his reelection, however, led to the eruption of hostilities between North and South in 1861. Forming the "Union Party" as an alliance with the pro-war Republicans, Wright defeated the secessionist uprising and laid the groundwork for the abolition of slavery under his successor, Salmon P. Chase.
⁵ Harrison's successful campaign against the Confederate Army of Robert E. Lee in 1864 and 1865 made him one of the greatest war heroes since Washington; once he accepted the Union Party's nomination in 1868, there was no doubt that he would emerge victorious.
⁶ Charges of corruption against the Harrison Administration and public fatigue with Reconstruction led to the collapse of the Union Party in 1875 and the election of Senator Thomas Hendricks over Vice President Henry Wilson the following year.
⁷ Wallace ascended to the presidency following the assassination of President Arthur; he was lauded as a champion of civil service reform and honest government but declined to seek reelection in 1884.
⁸ Chosen to head a fusion ticket of Populists and Republicans, Gresham pressured Congress to authorize the coinage of free silver and establish federal "sub-treasuries."

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

Way of the Whigs

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
...
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower [Republican-Kansas] 1953-1961
35. Richard M. Nixon [Republican-California] 1961-1965
36. Omar N. Bradley [Democratic-Missouri] 1965*
37. John Connally [Democratic, Independent-Texas] 1965-1969
38. Gerald R. Ford [Republican-Michigan] 1969-1973
39. Walter Cronkite [Democratic-New York] 1973-1974*
40. Adlai E. Stevenson III [Democratic-Illinois] 1974-1977
41. Nelson Rockefeller [Republican-New York] 1977-1985
42. Morris K. Udall [Liberal-Arizona] 1985-1989˚
...

* Died in office of natural causes
˚ Assassinated

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRIME MINISTERS of the UNITED STATES
1. George Washington [Independent | Federalist-Anti Federalist Coalition] 1789-1796
2. John Adams [Federalist | Federalist] 1796-1801
3. Thomas Jefferson [Republican | Republican] 1801-1811
4. James Madison [Republican | Republican] 1811-1812
5. DeWitt Clinton [National Republican | National-Federalist Coalition] 1812-1817
6. William H. Crawford [Democratic | Democratic] 1817-1822
7. John Q. Adams [National | National] 1822-1832
8. Martin Van Buren [Democratic | Democratic] 1832-1837
9. Henry Clay [National | National] 1837-1842
10. Lewis Cass [Democratic | Democratic-Calhounite Coalition] 1842-1852
11. Stephen Douglas [Democratic | Democratic] 1852-1857
12. Nathaniel Banks [Whig | Whig-American Coalition] 1857-1859
13. William H. Seward [Whig | Whig-Unionist Coalition] 1859-1869
14. Schuyler Colfax [Whig | Whig] 1869-1874
15. Charles F. Adams [Liberal | Liberal-Democratic Coalition] 1874-1879
16. James G. Blaine [Whig | Whig] 1879-1884
17. George W. Julian [Liberal | Liberal-Democratic Coalition] 1884-1889
18. Thomas B. Reed [Whig | Whig] 1889-1899
19. William McKinley [Whig | Whig] 1899-1904
20. Theodore Roosevelt [Reform | Reform-Populist Coalition] 1904-1909
20. Theodore Roosevelt [Reform | Reform] 1909-1920
21. Hiram W. Johnson [Reform | Reform] 1920-1925
22. Herbert Hoover [Reform | Reform-Whig Coalition] 1925-1930
23. Norman Thomas [Socialist | Socialist] 1930-1945
24. Thomas E. Dewey [Conservative | Conservative] 1945-1955
25. Earl Warren [Conservative | Conservative] 1955-1959
26. John W. McCormack [Liberal Democratic | Liberal Democratic] 1959-1969
27. George Romney [Conservative | Conservative] 1969-1979
28. Nelson Rockefeller [Conservative | Conservative] 1979-1984
29. Mario Cuomo [Liberal Democratic | Liberal Democratic-Social Democratic Coalition] 1984-1994
30. Jerry Brown [Liberal Democratic | Liberal Democratic] 1994-2009
31. W. Mitt Romney [Conservative | Conservative] 2009-2014
32. Elizabeth Warren [Social Democratic | Social Democratic-Progressive Coalition] 2014-incumbent

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

FIRST MINISTERS of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. Phillip Schuyler of New York [Arnoldite Whig | Whig] 1779 - 1784
2. Benedict Arnold of Connecticut [Federalist | Federalist] 1784 - 1794
(1) Phillip Schuyler of New York [Federalist | Federalist] 1794 - 1799
3. Alexander Hamilton of New York [Federalist | Federalist] 1799 - 1814
4. Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts [Federalist | Federalist] 1814 - 1824
5. Henry Clay of Virginia [Continental | Continental-National Federalist] 1824 - 1834
6. David Crockett of Franklin [Continental | Continental-National Federalist] 1834 - 1844
7. John Tyler of Virginia [Democratic | Democratic-Continental] 1844 - 1849
8. Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri [Democratic | Democratic^] 1849 - 1854
9. Stephen Douglas of Illinois [Democratic | Democratic] 1854 - 1859
10. William H. Seward of New York [Liberal | Liberal-Continental-Portsmouth Democrat] 1859 - 1869
11. Schuyler Colfax of Wabash [Liberal | Liberal] 1869 - 1871 *
12. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts [Liberal | Liberal] 1871 - 1874 †
13. Henry Wilson of Massachusetts [Liberal | Liberal] 1874
14. Thomas A. Hendricks of Wabash [Democratic | Democratic-Reform] 1874 - 1879
15. Samuel J. Tilden of New York [Democratic | Democratic-Reform] 1879 - 1884
16. James G. Blaine of Massachusetts [Liberal | Liberal] 1884 - 1889
17. Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois [Democratic | Democratic] 1889 - 1894
18. Walter Q. Gresham of Wabash [Liberal | Liberal-Independent Labor-Reform] 1894 - 1895
19. James B. Weaver of Keosaqua [Independent | Liberal-Independent Labor-Reform] 1895 - 1899
20. William J. Bryan of Nebraska [Democratic | Democratic-Farmer Labor] 1899 - 1909
21. Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin [Progressive | Progressive] 1909 - 1914
22. James B. Clark of Missouri [Democratic | Democratic-Farmer Labor] 1914 - 1919
23. Thomas R. Marshall of Wabash [Progressive | Progressive] 1919 - 1924
24. Herbert Hoover of California [Progressive | Progressive] 1924 - 1929
25. Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts [Conservative | Conservative-Democratic] 1929 - 1939
26. John W. Bricker of Ohio [Conservative | Conservative] 1939 - 1949
27. Estes Kefauver of Franklin [Farmer Labor | Democratic-Farmer Labor-Progressive] 1949 - 1959
28. Richard M. Nixon of California [Conservative | Conservative] 1959 - 1964
29. Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota [Progressive | Democratic-Farmer Labor-Progressive] 1964 - 1969
(28) Richard M. Nixon of California [Conservative | Conservative] 1969 - 1974
30. George Romney of Michigan [Conservative | Conservative] 1974 - 1979
31. Carl Albert of Oklahoma [Farmer Labor | Democratic-Farmer Labor-Progressive] 1979 - 1989
32. Lloyd Bentsen of Texas [Democratic | Democratic-Farmer Labor-Progressive] 1989 - 1999
33. Al Gore of Franklin [Democratic | Democratic-Farmer Labor-Progressive] 1999 - 2004
34. John McCain of New Mexico [Conservative | Conservative] 2004 - 2014
35. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts [Social Democrats | Social Democrats-Progressive-Farmer Labor] 2014 - incumbent



^ Minority Government     *Resigned     †Died in office of natural causes

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

1. George Washington (Independent) 1789-1797
2. John Adams (Federalist) 1797-1801 *
3. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) 1801-1805 ˚
4. George Clinton (Democratic Republican) 1805-1812
Act. James Madison (Democratic Republican) 1812-1813 ˚
5. Elbridge Gerry (Democratic Republican) 1813-1814
Act. James Madison (Democratic Republican) 1814-1817 ˚
6. Daniel D. Tompkins (Democratic Republican) 1817-1825
7. John C. Calhoun (Democratic Republican) 1825-1829 *
8. Richard Rush (National Republican) 1829-1833 *
9. Martin Van Buren (Democratic) 1833-1841
10. John Tyler (Whig, Democratic) 1841-1849
11. William O. Butler (Democratic) 1849-1857
12. John C. Breckinridge (Democratic) 1857-1861 *
13. Edward Everett (Constitutional Union) 1861-1865 ^ †
Act. John Bell (Constitutional Union) 1865
14. Andrew Johnson (Democratic) 1865-1869 *
15. Schuyler Colfax (Republican) 1869-1877
16. William A. Wheeler (Republican) 1877-1885
17. John A. Logan (Republican) 1885-1893
18. Adlai E. Stevenson I (Democratic) 1893-1897
19. Garret Hobart (Republican) 1897-1899 †
Act. William McKinley (Republican) 1899-1901 ˚
20. Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) 1901-1909
21. John S. Sherman (Republican) 1909-1912 †
Act. William H. Taft (Republican) 1912-1913 ˚
22. Thomas R. Marshall (Democratic) 1913-1921
23. Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) 1921 **
Act. James Cox (Democratic) 1921-1929
24. Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 1929-1933 *
25. Charles T. Curtis (Republican) 1933-1941
26. Charles L. McNary (Republican) 1941-1949
27. Earl Warren (Republican) 1949-1957
28. Estes Kefauver (Democratic) 1957-1963 †
Act. Adlai E. Stevenson (Democratic) 1963-1965
29. Hubert H. Humphrey (Democratic) 1965-1973
30. Spiro Agnew (Republican) 1973-1974**
Act. Richard M. Nixon (Republican) 1974 **
Act. Gerald R. Ford (Republican) 1974-1977
31. Walter Mondale (Democratic) 1977-1981 *
32. George H.W. Bush (Republican) 1981-1989
33. Lloyd Bentsen (Democratic) 1989-1997
34. Al Gore (Democratic) 1997-2005
35. Dick Cheney (Republican) 2005-2009 *
36. Joe Biden (Democratic) 2009-incumbent

*Unseated (lost reelection) ˚Retired after one term ^Elected by the House of Representatives
† Died in office of natural causes **Resigned

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) 1933-1945
33. Henry A. Wallace (Democratic) 1945-1949
34. Thomas E. Dewey (Republican) 1949-1953
35. Estes Kefauver (Democratic) 1953-1961
36. W. Averell Harriman (Democratic) 1961-1965
37. Nelson Rockefeller (Republican) 1965-1973
38. Margaret Chase Smith (Republican) 1973-1977
39. Birch E. Bayh, Jr. (Democratic) 1977-1985
40. James E. Carter (Democratic) 1985-1993
41. Richard G. Lugar (Republican) 1993-2001
42. John S. McCain III (Republican) 2001-2009
43. Hillary D. Rodham (Democratic) 2009-incumbent

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES (First Republic, 1788-1807)
1. George Washington (No Party-Virginia) 1789-1797
2. Thomas Jefferson (Republican-Virginia) 1797-1801 [1]
3. Alexander Hamilton (Federalist-New York) 1801-1803 [2]
4. Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist-South Carolina) 1803-1809

[1] Unseated
[2] Resigned to assume personal command of the joint American-British invasion of Louisiana


FIRST CITIZENS of the UNITED STATES (Alexandrian Period, 1807-1848)
Alexander I     1807-1837 [3]
Alexander II    1837-1848 [4]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES (Alexandrian Period, 1807-1848)
4. Charles C. Pinckney (Hamiltonian-South Carolina) 1803-1809
5. Timothy Pickering (Hamiltonian-Massachusetts) 1809-1817
6. Rufus King (Hamiltonian-New York) 1817-1821
7. Richard Stockton (Hamiltonian-New Jersey) 1821-1825
8. Harrison Gray Otis (Hamiltonian-Massachusetts) 1825-1833
9. Richard Rush (Liberal Hamiltonian-Pennsylvania) 1833-1841
10. William H. Harrison (Conservative-Ohio) 1841-1845 [5]
11. Daniel Webster (Conservative-Massachusetts) 1845-1847 [6]
12. John Tyler (Independent Conservative-Virginia) 1847-1848 [4]

[3] Some historians date the start of Alexander I's reign in 1803, for he effectively retained many of the powers of the presidency even after resigning the office, and Pinckney was generally considered Hamilton's prime minister rather than president in his own right. The act of Congress officially conferring upon him the title of "First Citizen" was passed in 1807.
[4] Deposed by the Revolution of 1848
[5] Upon the death of Alexander I, the Hamiltonian faction began to splinter between liberal reformists led by Richard Rush, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan, and conservatives allied with the new emperor, Alexander II. To check the rising political power of the liberals, Alexander supported William H. Harrison for the presidency, but soon came to see Harrison's popularity with the common people as a threat.
[6] The aged and worryingly popular Harrison was passed over by the Conservative caucus of 1844, who at Alexander's request nominated Daniel Webster for the presidency. Webster, however, proved even more ambitious than his predecessor; between 1845 and 1847, he oversaw a significant expansion of presidential authority at the expense of the emperor, encouraging the cabinet to report directly to him rather than Alexander and introducing legislation without consulting the throne. This led Alexander to lobby, successfully, for his impeachment in 1847. The so-called "Washington Massacre" saw Webster, Vice President Crittenden, and most of the cabinet dismissed in one fell swoop; John Tyler was accordingly elected President Pro-Tempore by the Senate, as Alexander had requested, and became president under the terms of the Presidential Succession Act of 1792. Intended to secure Alexander's authority, the coup provided the spark that would result in the Revolution of 1848 and the fall of the Alexandrian Empire.


PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES CONGRESS (Second Republic, 1848-present) [7]
1. Charles F. Adams (Republican-Massachusetts) 1848-1858
2. Stephen Douglas (Republican-Illinois) 1858-1861 [8]
3. Salmon P. Chase (Republican-Ohio) 1861-1863
4. Schuyler Colfax (Republican-Potawatomi) 1863-1868 [9]
5. Henry Wilson (Whig-Massachusetts) 1868-1873 [9]
(1) Charles F. Adams (Liberal-Massachusetts) 1873-1878
6. Thomas A. Hendricks (Liberal-Potawatomi) 1878-1885 [8]
7. William S. Rosecrans (Liberal-California) 1885-1888
8. James Garfield (Whig-Ohio) 1888-1898
9. Marcus A. Hana (Whig-Ohio) 1898-1904 [8]
10. Thomas H. Carter (Whig-Shoshone) 1904-1908 [9]
11. Atlee Pomerene (Liberal-Ohio) 1908-1923
12. William G. McAdoo (Liberal-California) 1923-1933 [9]
13. Charles Curtis (Conservative-Kansas) 1933-1936 [8]
14. Charles G. Dawes (Conservative-Illinois) 1936-1938 [9]
15. Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive-Shoshone) 1938-1948
16. Thomas E. Dewey (Conservative-New York) 1948-1953 [9]
17. Estes Kefauver (Progressive-Tennessee) 1953-1963
18. Hubert H. Humphrey (Progressive-Minnesota) 1963-1968 [9]
19. George Romney (Conservative-Michigan) 1968-1978
20. George H. W. Bush (Conservative-Connecticut) 1978-1983 [9]
21. Mario Cuomo (Progressive-New York) 1983-1993
22. Richard G. Lugar (Conservative-Potawatomi) 1993-2008
23. John Edwards (Progressive-North Carolina) 2008-2009 [10]
24. Howard Dean (Progressive-Vermont) 2009-2013 [9]
25. W. Mitt Romney (Conservative-Massachusetts) 2013-incumbent


[7] A position analogous to that of the British Prime Minister established by the Constitution of 1848.
[8] Died in office
[9] Unseated
[10] Resigned

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican-Kansas) 1953-1954 †
35. Joseph McCarthy (Republican, Nationalist-Wisconsin) 1954-1968 [1]
--. Hubert H. Humphrey (Democratic Alliance/Socialist/Workers'-Minnesota) 1968-1969
36. Martin Luther King, Jr. (Socialist-Alabama) 1969-1973
37. George Romney (Democratic Alliance/Christian Democratic-Michigan) 1973-1976 †
38. Birch Bayh, Jr. (Democratic Alliance/Socialist-Indiana) 1976-1985
39. George McGovern (Socialist-South Dakota) 1985-1989
40. Alexander Haig (Christian Democratic-Pennsylvania) 1989-1993
41. Jesse Jackson, Sr. (Socialist-South Carolina) 1993-1997
42. B. Evan Bayh III (Democratic Alliance-Indiana) 1997-2005
43. Richard Cheney (Christian Democratic-Wyoming) 2005-2013
44. Barack H. Obama (Socialist-Hawaii) 2013-incumbent

† Assassinated

[1] Elected vice president in 1952 and elevated to the presidency upon the assassination of President Eisenhower by an alleged communist. Granted emergency powers by act of Congress, he undertook a systematic campaign to root out communist sympathizers and others deemed "subversive" by the administration. Following his reelection in 1956, he governed as the de facto dictator of the United States until deposed by the Revolution of 1968

DEFEATED CHALLENGERS
1952   Adlai E. Stevenson II (Democratic-Illinois)
1956   Adlai E. Stevenson II (Democratic-Illinois)
1960   (incumbent unopposed)
1964   (incumbent unopposed)
1968   Edmund Muskie (Democratic Alliance-Maine), Clifton DeBerry (Workers-Mississippi), Eugene McCarthy (Equal Rights-Minnesota)
1972   Pres. Martin Luther King, Jr. (Socialist-Alabama), Clifton DeBerry (Workers-Mississippi)
1976   Phyllis Schafly (Christian Democratic-Illinois), Matilde Zimmerman (Workers-New York)
1980   Clifton DeBerry (Workers-Mississippi)
1984   John B. Anderson (Democratic Alliance-Illinois), Phillip M. Crane (Christian Democratic-Illinois)
1988   Pres. George McGovern (Socialist-South Dakota), Albert A. Gore, Jr. (Democratic Alliance-Tennessee)
1992   Pres. Alexander Haig (Christian Democratic-Pennsylvania), E. "Jerry" Brown (Democratic Alliance-California)
1996   Pres. Jesse Jackson, Sr. (Socialist-South Carolina), Patrick J. Buchanan (Christian Democratic-Virginia), Ralph Nader (Green-Connecticut)
2000   Patrick J. Buchanan (Christian Democratic-Virginia), Bernard Sanders (Socialist-Vermont)
2004   Howard Dean (Socialist-Vermont), John S. McCain III (Democratic Alliance-Arizona)
2008   Dennis Kucinich (Socialist-Ohio), John F. Kerry (Democratic Alliance-Massachusetts)
2012   Richard J. Santorum (Christian Democratic-Pennsylvania), Lisa Murkowski (Democratic Alliance-Alaska)
2016   W. Mitt Romney (Democratic Alliance-Michigan), Richard J. Santorum (Christian Democratic-Pennsylvania)

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES CONGRESS (First Confederation, 1774-1786)
1. Peyton Randolph (No Party-Virginia) 1774
2. Henry Middleton (No Party-South Carolina) 1774
(1) Peyton Randolph (No Party-Virginia) 1775
3. John Hancock (No Party-Massachusetts) 1775-1777
4. Henry Laurens (No Party-South Carolina) 1777-1778
5. John Jay (No Party-New York) 1778-1779
6. Samuel Huntington (No Party-Connecticut) 1779-1781
7. Thomas McKean (No Party-Delaware) 1781
8. John Hanson (No Party-Maryland) 1781-1782
9. Elias Boudinot (No Party-New Jersey) 1782-1783
10. Thomas Jefferson (Federalist-Virginia) 1783-1785
(5) John Jay (Federalist-New York) 1785-1786


PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES CONGRESS (Second Confederation, 1786-1814)
11. James Madison (Federalist-Virginia) 1786-1793
12. Alexander Hamilton (Federalist-New York) 1793-1795
13. William Paterson (Anti Federalist-New Jersey) 1795-1799
(10) Thomas Jefferson (Whig-Virginia) 1799-1802
14. James Monroe (Whig-Virginia) 1802-1809
15. John Q. Adams (Whig-Massachusetts) 1809-1812
16. Henry Dearborn (Whig-Massachusetts) 1812-1814 *
17. Elbridge Gerry (Whig-Massachusetts) 1814 †
(14) James Monroe (Whig-Virginia) 1814-1815

* Resigned   † Died in office


PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES CONGRESS (Period of Disintegration, 1814-1861)
(14) James Monroe (Whig-Virginia) 1814-1815
16. William H. Crawford (Whig-Georgia) 1815-1818
17. Nathaniel Macon (Quid-North Carolina) 1818-1821
18. John Randolph (Quid-Virginia) 1821-1823
19. Henry Clay (National Republican-Kentucky) 1823-1829
20. John C. Calhoun (National Republican-South Carolina) 1829-1832
21. Robert Hayne (Anti Federalist-South Carolina) 1832-1835
22. John Floyd (Anti Federalist-Virginia) 1835-1839
23. John Sergeant (National Republican-Pennsylvania) 1839-1842
24. Charles Stewart (Independent-Pennsylvania) 1842-1845
25. Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Mississippi) 1845-1849
26. William O. Butler (Democratic-Kentucky) 1859-1852
27. Robert Stranger (Democratic-North Carolina) 1852-1854 †
28. William A. Graham (National Republican-Georgia) 1854-1855
29. John C. Breckinridge (Democratic-Kentucky) 1855-1859
30. Joseph Lane (Democratic-Oregon) 1859-1861 *

* Resigned   † Died in office


PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES CONGRESS (Wars of Unification, 1861-1875)
31. John Tyler (Unionist-Virginia) 1861 *
32. Alexander Stephens (Unionist-Georgia) 1861 *
33. John J. Crittenden (Unionist-Kentucky) 1861-1862
Position abolished, 1862

* Resigned


CHANCELLORS of the SUSQUEHANNA CONFEDERATION (Wars of Unification, 1861-1875)
1. William H. Seward (Free Soil-New York) 1861-1872 †
2. Oliver P. Morton (Independent-Indiana) 1872-1875


CHANCELLORS of the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF AMERICA
1. Winfield Scott Hancock (Independent-Pennsylvania) 1875-1885
2. James G. Blaine (Independent-Maine) 1885-1890
3. William McKinley (Conservative-Ohio) 1890-1900
4. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (Conservative-New York) 1900-1910
5. Charles W. Fairbanks (Conservative-Indiana) 1910-1915
(4) Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (Conservative-New York) 1915-1920
6. Altee Pomerene (Liberal-Ohio) 1920-1930
7. Charles Curtis (Conservative-Kansas) 1930-1940
8. Wendell Wilkie (Liberal-Indiana) 1940-1950
9. Thomas E. Dewey (Conservative-New York) 1950-1955
10. Estes Kefauver (Social Democratic-Tennessee) 1955-1963
11. Hubert H. Humphrey (Social Democratic-Minnesota) 1963-1965
12. Nelson Rockefeller (Liberal-New York) 1965-1970
13. Spiro Agnew (Conservative-Maryland) 1970-1973 *
14. William E. Miller (Conservative-New York) 1973-1975
15. Frank Church (Progressive Democratic-Idaho) 1975-1984 †
16. Birch Bayh (Progressive Democratic-Indiana) 1984-1990
17. J. Danforth Quayle (Conservative-Indiana) 1990-2000
18. John S. McCain (Conservative-Arizona) 2000-2010
19. John F. Kerry (Progressive Democratic-Massachusetts) 2010-2015
20. Paul D. Ryan (Conservative-Wisconsin) 2015-incumbent

* Resigned   † Died in office

[Unconditional Surrender Truman]

PRESIDENTS of the UNITED STATES
35. John F. Kennedy (Democratic-Massachusetts) 1961-1965
36. Nelson Rockefeller (Republican-New York) 1965-1969
37. Hubert H. Humphrey (Democratic-Minnesota) 1969-1977
38. John B. Anderson (Republican-Illinois) 1977-1985
39. Richard G. Lugar (Republican-Indiana) 1985-1989
40. Mario Cuomo (Democratic-New York) 1989-1993
41. Robert J. Dole (Republican-Kansas) 1993-1997
42. John F. Kerry (Democratic-Massachusetts) 1997-2005
43. Thomas R. Harkin (Democratic-Iowa) 2005-2009
44. John S. McCain (Republican-Arizona) 2009-2017
45. Joseph R. Biden (Democratic-Delaware) 2017-incumbent