What is the earliest Presidential election a _______ could be elected?

[Agonized-Statism]

Jew: 1950s. Post-World War II introspection with a boom in postmodernist war literature, slightly delayed as is typical for societal reflection on wars, was clearly the turning point for antisemitism in American society. It made the difference between Milton Shapp changing his name in the 1930s to him playing a visible role in Kennedy's 1960 campaign, not to mention Goldwater's run.
Muslim: 2070s. I think Gen Z wouldn't mind, but 9/11 needs to pass out of living memory, and that's when the youngest Millennials are as old and numerous as World War II veterans today barring a significant extension of the average lifespan. There will always be enough latent Islamophobia among those who were there when the post-9/11 nationalistic pandemonium kicked off IMO. Plus, secularization and diversification needs time to advance.
Woman: 1980s. Long enough for second-wave feminism to have made its mark and for there to be examples of woman leaders to point to internationally, like Indira Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher.
Black: 1990s. Colin Powell could have done it. Any earlier and you run into latent pre-crime drop racism.
Homosexual: 2020s. Public opinion was changing before the unfair AIDS stigma, and it was only delayed after that started waning in the late 1980s by the political capital that the religious right gained from 9/11. After they were discredited, things moved fast during the 2010s, to the point where conservatives have been trying to court gays into the current moral panic against trans people.
Bisexual: 2020s. Ditto, and although bi stereotypes are a serious issue (they're generally and unfairly stereotyped as "more promiscuous"), a bi political candidate would be received about the same as a gay one by the electorate if they conformed to heteronormative gender roles.
Trans: 2080s. Similar situation as Muslims in that younger Gen Zs came of age when the gender binary was seriously contested in the 2010s and probably wouldn't be latently transphobic in aggregate.
Atheist: 2010s. I think enough people would be ready after the religious right was discredited.

[Agonized-Statism]

Part of me thinks there was a narrow chance of a woman being elected president in the 40s with Frances Perkins becoming VP and succeeding Roosevelt. She was obviously close to him being one of the few people to last his entire presidency.

Keep in mind that the scenario is asking if a woman could be elected outright. The post-World War II purge of the rosies- and the insistence throughout the war that women's gains were temporary- makes me doubt that she's taken seriously. If she falls into the job like you suggest, she's seen as a caretaker until the next election, which itself would be a testament to the progress made by that first waver generation of suffragist activists.