Attempted escape is not even illegal in sane countries.
Really? What's the logic behind that?
The logic is that a prisoner has every right to do that.
Of course, he'll lose all chance of an early release. And of course, it's illegal to help spring others from jail, which in practice means it's also illegal to attempt escape in groups.
Punishments for attempted crimes find their genesis in early English and American common law and exist in no other legal systems.
Early English and American common law regarded these crimes as misdemeanors, only later American criminal statutes (post-1900) regarded these crimes as felonies. That is how it stands nowadays - England still regards attempted crimes as misdemeanors.
Not true. Attempted murder is a crime under Portuguese (civil) law.